92 50 4772 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fdccc1b60e00fde8087d6f36d1bb8dc5a.jpg c7a2db481418e9c0a60ab2e0564ec9f9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Color, 9 cm x 12.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource HAMTC Union Picnic Subject The topic of the resource Older people; Retirements; Labor unions; Parks; Picnics; Picnic grounds; Eating & drinking; Conversation; Discussion; Meetings; Organizations Description An account of the resource View of several older and middle-aged men and women eating at the HAMTC (Hanford Atomic Metal Trades Council) Union Picnic at Howard Amon Park in Richland, WA Duplicate: 2015.004.661 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carol Ross Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1990s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0046 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Conversation Discussion drinking Eating Labor unions Meetings Older people Organizations Parks Picnic grounds Picnics Retirements https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F216f905495e2c610f58eab0fce9b218f.jpg 4ba039df95f98bf1d05080a0359fcf48 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Color, 9 cm x 12.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Retirees' Restaurant Gathering Subject The topic of the resource Older people; Retirements; Restaurants; Diners (Restaurants); Conversation; Discussion; Meetings Description An account of the resource View of three older, retired men at a wood-paneled restaurant eating together. Photo dated, "93-1-30." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carol Ross Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Unknown Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0045 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Conversation Diners (Restaurants) Discussion Meetings Older people Restaurants Retirements https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F98455be9ade85719b90d31f0ec63b29b.jpg 4a5ab787cb73ca6221897e08b6db125d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Color, 9 cm x 12.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Retirees' Restaurant Gathering Subject The topic of the resource Older people; Retirements; Restaurants; Diners (Restaurants); Conversation; Discussion; Meetings Description An account of the resource View of four older, retired men at a wood-paneled restaurant eating together. Man in left foreground is wearing a black cowboy hat. Photo dated, "93-1-30." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carol Ross Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Unknown Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0044 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Conversation Diners (Restaurants) Discussion Meetings Older people Restaurants Retirements https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F49bb5735d4abf852e3e58eb9855fb93a.jpg d3e67e5080b0a43fd41effd5370942e5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Color, 9 cm x 12.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Retirees' Restaurant Gathering Subject The topic of the resource Older people; Retirements; Restaurants; Diners (Restaurants); Conversation; Discussion; Meetings Description An account of the resource View of six older, retired men at a wood-paneled restaurant eating together. Photo dated, "93-1-30." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carol Ross Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Unknown Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0043 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Conversation Diners (Restaurants) Discussion Meetings Older people Restaurants Retirements https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fff1eaaeb1ea8bbde6ebf4d0349f86257.jpg 9bb0571128378cdc162a25bad24ed53f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Color, 9 cm x 12.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Retirees' Restaurant Gathering Subject The topic of the resource Older people; Retirements; Restaurants; Diners (Restaurants); Conversation; Discussion; Meetings Description An account of the resource View of three older, retired men at a wood-paneled restaurant eating together. Photo dated, "93-1-30." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carol Ross Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Unknown Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0042 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Conversation Diners (Restaurants) Discussion Meetings Older people Restaurants Retirements https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F1075722bb8363f1785c18a71a890879b.jpg dbe11e32c551aadfcdec0a234128b0da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Color, 9 cm x 12.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Retirees' Restaurant Gathering Subject The topic of the resource Older people; Retirements; Restaurants; Diners (Restaurants); Conversation; Discussion; Meetings Description An account of the resource View of four older, retired men at a wood-paneled restaurant eating and laughing together, with one standing. Photo dated, "93-1-30." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carol Ross Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Unknown Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0041 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Bodies of water Cities Clouds Conversation Diners (Restaurants) Discussion Floods General stores Hotels Meetings Mists Mountains Older people Pines Restaurants Retirements Rivers Roads towns Trees Waterways https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F39415d8ea9173c1efd82faf2abc9df2a.jpg fbe100e17b8b7149f481598116d21d8a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Color, 10 cm x 15cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Forested Mountain View Subject The topic of the resource Trees; Pines; Mountains; Clouds; Mists; Waterways; Bodies of water Description An account of the resource Two trees in forested mountains, with coastline potentially in background. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Unknown Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0039 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Bodies of water Clouds Mists Mountains Pines Trees Waterways https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F5b8af2e285a055cfb02c0dce332cb1fb.jpg c92560cdf3c0c8f47cefb204f6da277d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 14cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richland Village Subject The topic of the resource Cities & towns; Business districts; Commercial streets; Department stores; Hotels; Parking; Rivers; Trees Description An account of the resource Aerial view of Richland, WA Noted in caption, "Richland Village - Looking North, Photo by Robley L. Johnson." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0038 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Business districts Cities Commercial streets Department stores Hotels Parking Rivers towns Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F364d00bf4f2f919ed94fe9b2707b48c7.jpg d366d23a7f0cc5b53db04114ec2d13e8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 14cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Trees; Housing; Housing developments; Dwellings; Neighborhoods; Dikes (Engineering); Embankments; Levees; Construction; Cities & towns; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of dike construction along riverside alphabet house neighborhood near flooded Columbia River in 1948. Noted in caption, "Portion of Residential section at Richland, Photo by Rob Johnson Christian 6." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0036 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Cities Construction Dikes (Engineering) Dwellings Embankments Floods Housing Housing developments Levees Neighborhoods Rivers towns Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F8893e6f91fa5a035a8a221c6642a87dd.jpg 166f38b759fc03087235eb2ffaac801a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Trees; Housing; Housing developments; Dwellings; Neighborhoods; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of flooded Richland neighborhood in 1948. Noted in caption, "Looking North toward Richland from 'Y', Photo by Rob Johnson Christian 11-1." Noted on back, "The road was built up 9'6'' But still river went over. Please save these cards Honey" Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0035 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Dwellings Floods Housing Housing developments Neighborhoods Rivers Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F501d7a2fec178cdd36a9d5588c29d4f5.jpg 6827079d2f5b0063094c0c9797fd31c5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 14cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Dikes (Engineering); Embankments; Levees; Hotels; Lodges; Cities & towns; Trees; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of flood water near the dike-protected Desert Inn in 1948. Noted in caption, "Richland showing dike and Desert Inn, Photo by Rob Johnson Christian 5-1." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0034 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Cities Dikes (Engineering) Embankments Floods Hotels Levees Lodges Rivers towns Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fc563a90263c05a1de6667d292fcc96eb.jpg f8f29ad8d61fb294d51f071012bcdfa5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 14cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Construction camps; Industrial facilities; Construction; Construction workers; Trees; Housing; Housing developments; Dwellings; Neighborhoods; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of a flooded Richland labor yard in 1948. Noted in caption, "Labor Yard - Richland, WA, Photo by Rob Johnson Christian 12-5." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0033 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Construction Construction camps Construction workers Dwellings Floods Housing Housing developments Industrial facilities Neighborhoods Rivers Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fc7e7ca37c120d0b407dc647b35427753.jpg 9d5abcc0ec4ecf36ceaa8ece1951313c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 14cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Roads; Trees; Housing; Housing developments; Dwellings; Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource Street view of flooded Van Giesen street in Richland, 1948. Noted in caption, "Von [Van] Geisen [Giesen] St. [Street] Extended, Richland, WA, Photo by Rob Johnson Christian 8." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0032 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Dwellings Floods Housing Housing developments Neighborhoods Rivers Roads Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fa93b2da0490fcacc89c13071dc32360c.jpg 1534e28da9b4d577c588b1741f81e9d7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hanford Construction Camp Trailers Subject The topic of the resource Construction camps; Trailers; Mobile homes; Labor housing; Housing; Industrial facilities; Construction; Construction workers; War; War work; Nuclear weapons; Atomic bombs; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of nearly the entire Hanford Construction Camp. Noted in caption, "H.E.W. Hanford Construction Camp - Trailer Section, Photo by Robley L. Johnson." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0031 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Atomic bombs Construction Construction camps Construction workers Housing Industrial facilities Labor housing Mobile homes Nuclear weapons Trailers War War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fae773f8b0a1c3c681ea63375b37fdb4b.jpg 06cd23795087fd2714c3c34cc524cecf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 14cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Atomic Bomb Plant Process Area Subject The topic of the resource Factories; Industrial facilities; War; War work; Plutonium; Nuclear reactors; Nuclear weapons; Atomic bombs; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of the Hanford atomic bomb plant, with B Reactor in the foreground. Noted in caption, "Atomic Bomb Plant - H.E.W. Process Area, Photo by Robley L. Johnson." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0030 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Atomic bombs Factories Industrial facilities Nuclear reactors Nuclear weapons Plutonium War War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fd09b33e7fab12e0d95f225a05e28da69.jpg b683d36212fcdebe7ccd90f5bf2d4a8e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 14cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hanford Construction Camp Subject The topic of the resource Construction camps; Barracks; Labor housing; Housing; Industrial facilities; Construction; Construction workers; War; War work; Nuclear weapons; Atomic bombs; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of the Hanford Construction Camp. Noted in caption, "Hanford Construction Camp - H.E.W., Photo by Robley L. Johnson." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0029 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Atomic bombs Barracks Construction Construction camps Construction workers Housing Industrial facilities Labor housing Nuclear weapons War War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fbe6f72318695f4232cdb137fb76267b3.jpg 3eda2e26104c37b50bac754a0d5571af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hanford T Plant Subject The topic of the resource Factories; Industrial facilities; War; War work; Plutonium; Nuclear reactors; Nuclear weapons; Atomic bombs; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of the Hanford T plant. Noted in caption, "Atomic Bomb Plant - H.E.W. Process Bldg. [Building], Photo by Robley L. Johnson." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0028 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Atomic bombs Factories Industrial facilities Nuclear reactors Nuclear weapons Plutonium War War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fb1ca8733e8e10fcddca947397e0d0d2f.jpg f62bbb27d609e8147549645bf4e58bec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 8.5 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Portable Richland Home Subject The topic of the resource Housing; Prefabricated houses; Housing developments; Labor housing; Dwellings; Neighborhoods; Government employees; City planning; War work Description An account of the resource Close proximity view of a Richland 2BR prefab. Noted in caption, "Portable Home - Richland, Wash. Pub [Published] by Ellis 4704." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0027 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 City planning Dwellings Government employees Housing Housing developments Labor housing Neighborhoods Prefabricated houses War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fe9bb6ba129d2f90584decbe0ac259723.jpg dc91629c8778f8378cf5a701165bc793 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Rosa Diversion Dam" Subject The topic of the resource Rivers; Dams; Mountains; Hydroelectric power; Reservoirs; Waterworks; Railroads; Mountain railroads; Railroad bridges; Trestles; Railroad tracks; Passes (Landforms); Mountain roads; Dirt roads Description An account of the resource Noted in caption, "Rosa [Roza] Diversion Dam - Yakima River, Wash. Ellis 697." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0026 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Dams Dirt roads Hydroelectric power Mountain railroads Mountain roads Mountains Passes (Landforms) Railroad bridges Railroad tracks Railroads Reservoirs Rivers Trestles Waterworks https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fa467e2d8044cedff9976af17d8d17bc3.jpg bda5d458642baa286c66fd96c332154e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 8.5 cm x 14cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Trees; Boats; Tugboats; Piers & wharves; Loading docks; Grains; Silos; Food storage buildings Description An account of the resource Aerial or ship view of flooded Columbia River waters reaching Continental Grain Company Port of Pasco grain elevators and silos. Noted in caption, "Columbia Flood - '48." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0025 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Boats Floods Food storage buildings Grains Loading docks Piers Rivers Silos Trees Tugboats wharves https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F29d0d2d1bcf9cb4de483803dd609360a.jpg fc4e560ae0391ede91d8ac4336861a15 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Protection Dike Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Dikes (Engineering); Embankments; Levees; Construction; Roads; Cities & towns; Trees; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of a protection dike under construction to prevent flooding. Noted in caption, "Protection Dike, George Washington Way - Richland, WA Rob Johnson Christian 10-6." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0024 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Cities Construction Dikes (Engineering) Embankments Floods Levees Rivers Roads towns Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fdc04d09b8befc787c62aa7606275cf59.jpg b91a3baf68f9145460ffed7d2d60edf4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 8.5 cm x 14cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Roads; Boats; Cities & towns; Housing; Housing developments; Dwellings; Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource Street view of two men pushing a man in a boat in a residential neighborhood, crossing Dayton St. to follow (illegible from photo) Avenue E. Noted in caption, "Columbia Flood - 48." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0023 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Boats Cities Dwellings Floods Housing Housing developments Neighborhoods Rivers Roads towns https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F732dc4bda10e9794a4dc7f857a55fad8.jpg 7863628090b57d3fd722e25607a5e12a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 8.5 cm x 14cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Hotels; General stores; Roads; Cities & towns; Trees Description An account of the resource Street view of flooded Anchor Inn in 1948. Noted in caption, "Columbia Flood - 48." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0022 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Cities Floods General stores Hotels Rivers Roads towns Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fb4fb8761fb93925a60de10f24f75d6ad.jpg c490281c5c37859998e027afc09a4c66 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Roads; Cities & towns; Business districts; Commercial streets; Trees; Housing; Housing developments; Dwellings; Neighborhoods; General stores; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of flooded Kennewick in 1948. Noted in caption, "Entering Kennewick - Hwy. [Highway] 410, Rob Johnson Christian 8-1." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0021 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Business districts Cities Commercial streets Dwellings Floods General stores Housing Housing developments Neighborhoods Rivers Roads towns Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Ff43488d935bb881318c745044e33a00f.jpg aa717432dd7df12e8da9d064a4b9e529 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Roads; Cities & towns; Business districts; Commercial streets; Trees; Housing; Housing developments; Dwellings; Neighborhoods; General stores; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of flooded Kennewick Avenue and Columbia River in 1948. Noted in caption, "Kennewick Avenue 'C' looking west, Rob Johnson Christian 3-1." On back of card, "Just off Pasco Bridge going in to Kennewick." NOT a duplicate of RG1D-4-cpc-019 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0020 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Business districts Cities Commercial streets Dwellings Floods General stores Housing Housing developments Neighborhoods Rivers Roads towns Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F37a8684ac02d9c99797fe9ab99ea3d6d.jpg 49e31b8685f6a9062a4100b79d0852f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Roads; Cities & towns; Business districts; Commercial streets; Trees; Housing; Housing developments; Dwellings; Neighborhoods; General stores; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of flooded Kennewick Avenue and Columbia River in 1948. Noted in caption, "Kennewick Avenue 'C' looking west, Rob Johnson Christian 2-5." (x2) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0019 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7448 Aerial photographs Aerial views Business districts Cities Commercial streets Dwellings Floods General stores Housing Housing developments Neighborhoods Rivers Roads towns Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F4e047c6a5a7a46a70ec5f2e96225d350.jpg 6b2daa9dd3260ddd8a4ca300491e01b1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Markets; Roads; Trees; Housing; Housing developments; Dwellings; Neighborhoods; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of the flooded Columbia River in 1948, with waters reaching the Riverside Market. Noted in caption, "Highway 410 - Between Kennewick and Richland, Rob Johnson Christian 7." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0018 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Dwellings Floods Housing Housing developments Markets Neighborhoods Rivers Roads Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F4adc357826e7ef09a414acb421cab89e.jpg 152a95c390af802b3ffd4af2183fe260 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia River 1948 Flood Subject The topic of the resource Floods; Rivers; Railroad tracks; Railroad bridges; Trestles; Trees; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of the flooded Columbia River in 1948. Noted in caption, "Looking east from Richland towards 'Y', Rob Johnson Christian 9-5." (x2) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1948 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0017 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Floods Railroad bridges Railroad tracks Rivers Trees Trestles https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F79137b5a545f5d4a3a8d6bb7baf49db3.jpg fa1daa7ac5a63864ff6091154e85fcc6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hanford Energy Works Bomb Plant Subject The topic of the resource Factories; Industrial facilities; War; War work; Plutonium; Nuclear reactors; Nuclear weapons; Atomic bombs; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of the Hanford plutonium plant, with the B Reactor mid-center. Noted in caption, "H.E.W. [Hanford Energy Works] Atomic Bomb Plant - Process Bldg. [Building], Photo by Robley L. Johnson." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s/1950s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0016 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Atomic bombs Factories Industrial facilities Nuclear reactors Nuclear weapons Plutonium War War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F353772c4f3ff38a5ecbefaf12e0328fb.jpg c15bae4f63bb7867b06c8d7463c766a2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tree-lined Building Subject The topic of the resource Schools; Trees; Benches; Dirt roads Description An account of the resource View of building with many windows, thick tree canopy, and a gravel road in foreground, possibly a school. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s/1950s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0015 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Benches Dirt roads Schools Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fa652c82de197d319ed170e9338de587b.jpg 3b563a330186bb3c369579e8f760e0fc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tree-lined School Subject The topic of the resource Schools; Trees; Benches; Roads Description An account of the resource View of large, tree-lined building that is likely a school (identity of building cannot be positively determined). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s/1950s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0014 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Benches Roads Schools Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Ffc267d8fae6236409b8ba19be7fe6e7d.jpg fd7fdfdad2a94c5710a71b9d957f2a35 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brick House Subject The topic of the resource Housing; Dwellings; Neighborhoods; Trees Description An account of the resource Close proximity view of a brick house with a tree branch traversing top of image (identity of building cannot be positively determined). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s/1950s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0013 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Dwellings Housing Neighborhoods Trees https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fc6e2e09fd6f34831ad71d71fe3d3865e.jpg 477aecac2c3817f69a70329ffbc2084c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Yakima Street Scene Subject The topic of the resource Cities & towns; Masonic buildings; Fraternal lodges; Fraternal organizations; Business districts; Commercial streets; Shopping; Shopping centers; Hotels; Stores & shops; Department stores; Pedestrians; Street lights; Street railroads; Cable railroads; Street railroad tracks; Cobblestone streets; Parking Description An account of the resource Street view of downtown Yakima, with a street lamp in foreground and a "Masonic Temple" mural in the background, designating the historic building of the same name, which was constructed in 1911. As of 1996, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and despite serving as a meeting hall for Yakima's Masonic Lodges for several years, this function is currently obsolete. Noted in caption, "Street scene - Yakima, WA Ellis 6806." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s/1950s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0012 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Business districts Cable railroads Cities Cobblestone streets Commercial streets Department stores Fraternal lodges Fraternal organizations Hotels Masonic buildings Parking Pedestrians Shopping Shopping centers shops Stores Street lights Street railroad tracks Street railroads towns https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F35b9ac2e24f00a9bf594392d170c89e6.jpg b0adff70cb6d4c6431f17d5a66664cc6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Yakima Street Scene Subject The topic of the resource Cities & towns; Business districts; Commercial streets; Shopping; Shopping centers; Stores & shops; General stores; Street railroads; Cable railroads; Street railroad tracks; Cobblestone streets; Parking Description An account of the resource Street view of downtown Yakima. Noted in caption, "Street scene - Yakima, WA Ellis 6810." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s/1950s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0011 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Business districts Cable railroads Cities Cobblestone streets Commercial streets General stores Parking Shopping Shopping centers shops Stores Street railroad tracks Street railroads towns https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F4b01364062c2a3946a5b1d8c18f6cc9e.jpg 8639facb96f23bbba8bc1ae012d94b15 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Yakima Street Scene Subject The topic of the resource Cities & towns; Business districts; Commercial streets; Shopping; Shopping centers; Department stores; Pedestrians; Crosswalks; Street railroads; Cable railroads; Street railroad tracks; Brickwork; Bricks; Parking Description An account of the resource Street view of downtown Yakima, with a Pay Less Drug Store and J.C. Penney Company in foreground. Noted in caption, "Street scene - Yakima, WA Ellis 6809." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s/1950s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0010 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Bricks Brickwork Business districts Cable railroads Cities Commercial streets Crosswalks Department stores Parking Pedestrians Shopping Shopping centers Street railroad tracks Street railroads towns https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F0f1d4d9b0fdd9c2d01dadee38083355e.jpg f3168d8367ab4e534e98cdf0f11f6d30 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 postcard: Black and white, 9 cm x 13.5cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Yakima Street Scene Subject The topic of the resource Cities & towns; Business districts; Commercial streets; Shopping; Shopping centers; Hotels; General stores; Skyscrapers; Cobblestone streets; Parking Description An account of the resource Street view of downtown Yakima, with the A.E. Larson Building in the background left. Noted in caption, "Street scene - Yakima, Wash. Ellis 6804." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marie Hartman Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s/1950s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0009 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Business districts Cities Cobblestone streets Commercial streets General stores Hotels Parking Shopping Shopping centers Skyscrapers towns https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F0dea3d1213b7414816b1257c6217d6a1.jpg b2346246b4de229c96299f0923f9096d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Black and white, 6.5 cm x 9cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hanford T Plant Subject The topic of the resource Factories; Industrial facilities; War; War work; Plutonium; Nuclear reactors; Nuclear weapons; Atomic bombs; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of the Hanford T plant in the 200 Area of the Hanford Site. "Construction began in 1943, with the plant becoming operational in 1945. This facility was used to take the irradiated fuel rods that had been in the B Reactor and expose them to a series of chemical processes" (http://www.hanford.gov/). Noted in caption, "This 'atomic' building housed part of the world's greatest secret during the war." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles McVey Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0008 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Atomic bombs Factories Industrial facilities Nuclear reactors Nuclear weapons Plutonium War War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F7be460ec051aa3990899db9bedc3aad7.jpg cc38b7b776ed41d13a48d924f51a2637 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Black and white, 6.5 cm x 9cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richland Alphabet House Subject The topic of the resource Housing; Housing developments; Labor housing; Dwellings; Neighborhoods; Residential streets; Government employees; City planning; War work Description An account of the resource Close proximity view of a Richland "A" house. "In 1943, the United States Government contracted Gustav Albin Pehrson, an engineer and architect from Spokane, WA, to design the Hanford Engineer Works (HEW) Village. Pehrson labeled the house floor plans by letters, hence the common references to the historical homes as “Alphabet,” “ABC,” or “Letter” houses" (http://reachstories.org/). Noted in caption, "A dwelling built during the war in Richland, home of the Hanford Atomic Workers." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles McVey Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0007 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 City planning Dwellings Government employees Housing Housing developments Labor housing Neighborhoods Residential streets War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F175a6943e87bf9491024e66e1ebd90a7.jpg 5d01132cadd070142b65e90c2e090473 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Black and white, 6.5 cm x 9cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hanford Atomic Works Subject The topic of the resource Factories; Industrial facilities; War; War work; Plutonium; Nuclear reactors; Nuclear weapons; Atomic bombs; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of B Reactor center right and the Water Treatment Plant behind left. Noted in caption, "A close-up of part of a process area at the Hanford Atomic Works, Washington." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles McVey Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0006 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Aerial photographs Aerial views Atomic bombs Factories Industrial facilities Nuclear reactors Nuclear weapons Plutonium War War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fb125684e0766bd19b8c9f0382601bed9.jpg 24491266d01a1d19cddc5b4e8ed2076a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Black and white, 6.5 cm x 9cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aerial View of Richland Subject The topic of the resource Cities & towns; Cityscapes; Administrative agencies; War; War work; Neighborhoods; Residential streets; Housing developments; Labor housing; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of Richland. Noted in caption, "Richland, Administrative Center of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission's Hanford Works." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles McVey Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0005 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Administrative agencies Aerial photographs Aerial views Cities Cityscapes Housing developments Labor housing Neighborhoods Residential streets towns War War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Ff43815690bd05b81b01a4f5731a526e1.jpg d67318043573b4919edfcc9423d1177a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Black and white, 6.5 cm x 9cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richland Church Subject The topic of the resource Churches; Spiritual life; Religion; Religious facilities; Christianity; Steeples; Cities & towns; City & town life Description An account of the resource View of the United Protestant Branch of the Council of Churches. The first service was conducted on December 24, 1944, though the church was formally dedicated on January 6, 1945. The current structure, Central United Protestant Church, is located in its original position on 1124 Stevens Drive in Richland, WA. Noted in caption, "Spiritual guidance for an increasing population in Richland is offered by this church among others." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles McVey Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0004 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Christianity Churches Cities City Religion Religious facilities Spiritual life Steeples town life towns https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F16fbf06b0d90bc64f033e5273b28c4c8.jpg 2e879d2318b7851ce289bbe3cc96e940 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 1 photo: Black and white, 6.5 cm x 9cm. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hanford Atomic Energy Plutonium Plant Subject The topic of the resource Factories; Industrial facilities; War; War work; Plutonium; Nuclear reactors; Nuclear weapons; Atomic bombs; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of the Hanford plutonium plant, with B Reactor on right and Water Treatment Plant behind in the 100 Area of the Hanford Site. Noted in caption, "A plutonium plant at the Hanford Atomic Energy Works on the banks of the Columbia." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles McVey Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0003 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Elements-7-2-text Aerial photographs Aerial views Atomic bombs Factories Industrial facilities Nuclear reactors Nuclear weapons Plutonium War War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Ffc38636095839e162b2274aed0023852.jpg bcda2a7639818abfe5613d5f75f4a03e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Black and white, 6.5 cm x 9cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richland Hotel Subject The topic of the resource Hotels; Lodges; Cities and towns; City planning; War work; Aerial views; Aerial photographs Description An account of the resource Aerial view of the Desert Inn Hotel and Dining Room near the Columbia River. Noted in caption, "Richland's hotel sprawls along the banks of the Columbia River." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles McVey Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Language A language of the resource English Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0002 Aerial photographs Aerial views Cities and towns City planning Hotels Lodges War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F1b39c44e0645b8bb7c36d899155100b7.jpg ff1688264f1cdc46affce75c4135df46 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image Black and white, 6.5 cm x 9cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richland Alphabet House Subject The topic of the resource Housing; Housing developments; Labor housing; Dwellings; Neighborhoods; Residential streets; Government employees; City planning; War work Description An account of the resource View of a Richland "L" house. "In 1943, the United States Government contracted Gustav Albin Pehrson, an engineer and architect from Spokane, WA, to design the Hanford Engineer Works (HEW) Village. Pehrson labeled the house floor plans by letters, hence the common references to the historical homes as “Alphabet,” “ABC,” or “Letter” houses" (http://reachstories.org/). Noted in caption, "A four-bedroom dwelling constructed during the war in Richland, WA." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Charles McVey Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University - Tricities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s Language A language of the resource English Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. For permission to publish please contact the Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447 Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4A_0001 City planning Dwellings Government employees Housing Housing developments Labor housing Neighborhoods Residential streets War work https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F8fd2a955bab5ca49f4c116afc3f3dcde.JPG babb31b987d1e2e7508918ac0c28f0f7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Post-1943 Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War Description An account of the resource Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Robert Franklin Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Sharon Kent Location The location of the interview Washington State University - Tri-Cities Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Robert Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Okay, let’s go. My name is Robert Franklin. I’m conducting an o</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ral history interview with Sharon Kent on July 26, 2016. The interview is being conducted on the campus of Washington State University Tri-Cities. I will be talking with Sharon Kent about her experiences growing up in Richland. So, I—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">the </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">best place to start is at the beginning. So when and where were you born?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Sharon Kent</span>: When was I born?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: In </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">41. I was born in Salt Lake City.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: But we</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> were one of the first people that</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> move</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">d</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> into Richland. In fact, we lived in Moses Lake and Sunnyside until the prefabs were built.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay. So coming to Richland at that young of an age, you had to have</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> had</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> family that worked at Hanford.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: My father worked here, yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Okay. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Then what did he do at Hanford?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I think he was a policeman at that time, but I’m not su</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">re. I know he was a policeman, and w</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">hen he retired he was a safety engineer.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: So he had several different jobs then.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah, right.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: When did he retire?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, he died in 2000.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow. He lived for quite a long time.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah. And probably </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">80 would be my guess, but I really—I don’t know. [LAUGHTER]</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay, well—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Whatever 65 was, he retired</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nd he was born in </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">13.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay. ’76. So needles</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> to say, he spent most of his career out—he had</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">a long career at Hanford.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Right.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay, wow. That’s really—a</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">nd did he have any other jobs besides policeman and safety engineer?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, y</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ou mean a side job?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Any other job, any other careers out there or jobs out there?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: At Hanford, no.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">No? </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Okay. Do you know how your father found out about—what was he doing before he came here?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: He was at a plant in Utah and a lot of people came from it. I can’t remember the name, but a lot of </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">people</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> came from that particular plant. I </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">don’t</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">know</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> if they went there. I </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">guess</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> they went there and told people about it and a lot of them came here.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Do you know what kind of plant it was?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: No, I don’t. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay. Did your father talk much about his work as a policeman? Maybe not during the time, but after, did he talk about where he patrolled or anything interesting he saw, or--?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: No. Not that I can remember. We just talked about—what I remember, one time he said—this is probably too far—but somebody asked him if he knew what they were doing her</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">e. And he gave this answer and </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">h</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">e</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> says, sir, don’t say that to anybody. [LAUGHTER] So he’d figured out pretty close what they were doing. But I—you know—I don’t know. We just—I was young enough that—in fact, my first memory is the day that Japan surrendered in the Second World War. I can remember we were lived in a prefab, and the sirens were going. They had sirens at noon and different sirens. And my mother and all the people were outside yelling. I can remember my mother says, our brothers are coming home, our brothers are coming home! And that’s my first memory.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> So I don’t remember any of the problems people had during the war with lack of this and that. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Just the</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> prosperous time. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right. What size of prefab did you live in?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: We lived in a three-bedroom, and because we lived in a three-bedroom, at one point they had a gentleman living with us.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh!</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And I don’t remember that. But right at the very end, before we moved—just before we moved, Mother had the third baby. And we didn’t have anybody living with us. And I remember—it must have been a peach orchard, because I remember peach trees.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Franklin</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">: Oh, wow. That makes sense</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> because most of the prefabs were on the western side of Richland at that time which</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> had</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> been orchards.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Right.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And I’ve heard stories from other people about all of the fruit orchards that were there i</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">n that side of town. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> where did your family move to after the prefab?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: We moved to 321 Goethals, which is now 321 Jadw</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">in. And that was an H house. And that’</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">s pretty close to—[LAUGHTER]—I forgot the school. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Lewis and Clark.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And we were real close to—there was a market there and a gas station. I </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">remember</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">—we didn’t have freezers in our home then. So there was just one house between us and the market, so we would rent a space in the freezer and go get it. I remember going in there once and pushing the alarm but</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ton. [LAUGHTER] Oh, kids! I thought</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, oh, boy. I was a pretty good kid, but </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">I</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">—[LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Did you know it was an alarm button?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yes, I did. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, a troublemaker.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Not usually. [LAUGHTER] Not usually.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: How long did your family live in the H house for?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, the family—I got married in </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">59—the end of ’59, and they were still there. They moved out of the H house when—let’s see. Sterling was three years old, and he was born in </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">66. So ’69.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow. So then your family purchased the H house after Richland—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yes, they did.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Aft</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">er Richland became a [INAUDIBLE]?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: They did.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Do you know offhand how much they would have paid for that?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: What comes in my mind was $7,000. My husband-to-be lived around the corner and up a ways, and his two-bedroom prefab, I believe, was between $2,000 and $3,000.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> you grew up next to—how did you meet your husband-to-be?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, he lived, like I say, close by, but where we actually met was at church.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: There was a group of people that—young people that would get together, because there were soldiers here. And then there were people like my husband that had been in the Korean War and had their education an</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">d they still weren’t married. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> there were a lot more men than there were women. So one summer when a lot of the girls left, they went down to a younger age girls that were part of this group. My husband happened to be the oldest, and I happened to be the youngest.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: How much older was your husband?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: 13 years.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow!</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, that’s what my mother said. [LAUGHTER] But she didn’t know how old he was until—at the reception. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: W</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ow. W</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">hat age were you when you met him?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Met him? I was 15 or 16.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: How long after that did you get married?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I got married at 18.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay. Interesting. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">And then </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">did you settle in Richland after that?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yes. My husband was working—I don’t remember—GE. Then it was GE. And we got married in December, and in September we left. My husband got a full fellowship for Berkeley in health physics. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: So we went there and then when we came back</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, we came back and</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> came back here.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: When would you have left? Do you remember what year that would have been? When you left to go—sorry—when you left to go to Berkeley?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">60.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: So </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">then </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Richland had passed into private. So tell me—I imagine that leaving—because you—so you were born in Salt Lake City, but really your formative years were in Richlan</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">d. I imagine moving to Berkeley</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> would have </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">probably </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">been quite a culture shock.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, it was very different, that was for sure. My in-laws lived close by and my brother-in-law worked at Berkeley as a paleontologist. So we saw them often, and that helped a great deal.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: How so?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Just knowing family was close by.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I didn’t feel like I’d just been let off. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Can you describe some of the ways in which Berkeley was different from—or some of the kind of maybe new experiences or differences that you encountered at Berkeley?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, the buildings we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> a whole lot older. And we lived in a very old two-story house, and we had the basement apartment.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member we went to Goodwill or something like that and got one of those wringer washing machines and hung the sheets out. But my husband knew his way around and this type of thing. So it was a much bigger city—much bigger </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. When we settle in a place, we go and take advantage of it. So we saw a lot and did a lot.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Franklin</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">: So your husband was from the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">, then, originally?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yes. He was born in San Francisco.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay. And how did he get to Richland originally?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I don’t know</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">;</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> when he graduated from Berkeley with a physics deg</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">e, he somehow got to Richland. I don’t—</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah, I guess GE.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And he’</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">d been in the Ko</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">an War befo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> that?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: He was in the Ko</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">an War, and he did that so his education was paid for.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: He knew that—you know, that was the way to get an education. His </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">brother</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> was al</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ady in the Ko</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">an War, so he didn’t have to join, because the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">r</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">e</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> just the two boys. And if</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> one’s in the war, the second one doesn’t—you know.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Doesn’t get drafted.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: But he wanted </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">to get an education, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> this was the way to get it. And he said it worked for him.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>; Do you know what he did when he was in the Ko</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">an War?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yes. He </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">pai</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">d </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">Sab</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">jets—the radar </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">equipment in Sab</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">jets.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: So he was about 55 miles from the line.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay. Backing up a bit, what did your—did your mother have a job at Hanford or working during the war or after the war?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yes. When I was a teenager, they called and begged her, begged her and begged her. She says, I don’t want to go to work. I have child</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">n. And to work in one of the libraries. So she went to work and it turned out she enjoyed it. And I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> was a graduate school—somehow the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> was schooling the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. It wasn’t a campus like this, but she worked in that library.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> And I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member I could go with her sometimes.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And how lo</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">n</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">g</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> did she work the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I don’t know. I know then she went out in the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">A</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> and then she worked in the Richland City Library.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> What do you mean, out in the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">A</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">? You said then she went out in the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">A</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: She worked for Battelle.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, she wo</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">rked for Battelle, okay. Out on</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">site</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">. Or at the--</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: That’s what I thought.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I’m not—I could make mistakes, but—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, no, that’s totally understandable. And then you said she worked for Richland?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Richland City Library, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">So how long did you and your husband live in Berkeley for?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: One year.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Just one year? Okay. Then what happened after?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Then we came—oh. He decided</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">—he got his deg</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">e in physics, and he got his fellowship in health physics, and that wasn’t the right field.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: So he came back in physics, and then as soon as computers came to the Federal Building, he went into computers. And that was definitely his thing. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">Re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ally?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Oh, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Then he worked with computers for the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">st of his ca</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">er?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Right.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> those would have been the days of punch cards and the—yeah. What did—yo</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">u</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> said he worked with computers; do you know a little mo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> about what he did in the Federal Building with the computers?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: No. All I know is—well, I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member my daughter, my youngest daughter was old enough to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member the incident. They let us go down, and it was in the basement of the Federal Building. We couldn’t go into the room, but they had these white coverall things on, and it was temperatu</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">-controlled and everything. And she was old eno</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ugh to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member. T</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">hat was the first computer I saw. That was my youngest child, so—[LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">And</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> then it wasn’t too much longer befo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we had a computer </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">in our home. And my husband said, this runs circles around what </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">was</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> in the Federal Building. But at the time, the Federal Building, it was phenomenal.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow. So was it a large mainframe?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Rooms and</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> rooms—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">yeah. R</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">oom after room after—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> Do you have any siblings? I forgot to ask.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I do. I have two sisters and th</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">e brothers.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Older, younger—or whe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> you?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I’m the oldest.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: You’</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> the oldest</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. So we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> they all born in Washington?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: No, my sister that’s younger than me, she was also born in Salt Lake City.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay. And the </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">others</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> born in Washington?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Right, Richland.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay, and what’s the age diffe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nce between you and your youngest?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Youngest</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Franklin</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> years.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh my. That’s a good span. And how many child</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">n did you have?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I have five.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Five child</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">n as well. And you said your son was born in </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">66?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: ’60. Oh—the third son—or the fourth son was ’66.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> The oldest was </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">60. And then I had four sons and then in </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">72, we had our daughter, and she was born on the first day of school that my youngest went to first grade.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">So</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> I’ve never had much alone time until the last ten years</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> after my husband died. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Finally some peace and quiet in the house.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah. I’m surprised that you haven’t asked me about what life was like when I was a child. I had some inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sting—</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I was getting the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">, but please, take over.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: No, no, no</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, go ahead.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, what I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member was befo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> the houses we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> owned, the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> no fences. So the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> no big dogs. </span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sting.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: You just—you didn’t own your yard, so you just walked through and everybody—you know. We just walked through the middle to go to the grocery sto</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> and whatnot. And I liked it that way. I didn’t have any problems with the neighbors. Some other people did but, I, myself, didn’t. It was just so diffe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nt once they bought the houses and built these fences. Of course, then, that’s when the big dogs come in. Befo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">, they we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">r</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">e</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">n’t—you know. The</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">n’t the big dogs—I don’t </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member—whe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> I lived. The</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> cats and we had a dachshund that we kept in the yard—you couldn’t just let them run.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right, so I guess they would have been indoor pets a lot of the time. Because with</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">out</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> the fences</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> they could just run off.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah, to me, it just made such a huge diffe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nce once those fences went up.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, I bet. Well—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: It was just a whole diffe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nt feeling. It wasn’t near as warm and friendly. Whe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">as—and then the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> a lot fewer people then, too. You know, you felt like you knew everybody. In fact, I think it was only about 20 years ago befo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> I went anywhe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> that I didn’t see somebody that I knew.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">And</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> then all of the sudden I go places all the time that I don’t know somebody.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right, right. What about—I guess it’s inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sting to hear you say that, with this lack of fence—because we, no</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">wadays, we associate fences and</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> things like that, with the feeling of security and privacy. But you’</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> saying, at least for you as a child, it was much mo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> of an open</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> friendly feeling.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, that’s what it was to me, but like I—you know. Nobody teased me. I had a brother that got teased something fierce, but nobody bothe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">d me. So it felt good to me.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: To just</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> kind of be able to wander around.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Right.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And what did you do for fun, growing up, what kinds of activities did you do?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, we went swimming. My dad enjoyed swimming and they had a pool down in Howard Amon Park. They had the little pool and then they had the big pool. If you went to the big pool, you had to be a certain age—I can’t </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member—if</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> you went without your pa</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nt, a</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nd you could only swim for one hour. But if you we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> with an adult, you coul</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">d swim all the time. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nd the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> just happened to be a lady that lived across the st</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">et that liked to swim that didn’t have any child</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">n that liked to take us. So we didn’t have to stand in line, we just went in and swam as long as we could. I always loved the river, and swimming was something I did a lot of.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Was the pool in the river, or close to</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> the river--?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Close to the river. You know whe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> that little pool is now at Howard Amon Park?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: It was right close to the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. And the tennis courts—my husband and I played on the tennis courts. I’m su</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> that they have </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">newed the surface, but it’s the same place as when my husband and I played. And he claims we played</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> at</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> 115, but I keep saying the weather man never says it got that hot. But it was plenty hot.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I’m su</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> it felt like 115.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: We—you know, the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> was no air conditioning. The</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> swamp coolers, but my mother had asthma, so we couldn’t have a swamp cooler. So I felt very put-upon until I got married and my husband had a wall air conditioner. I just thought I was in the Ritz. </span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: But we had an inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sting—we we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> in Lewis and Clark, and supposedly the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> a canoe out the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> that was decayed. And supposedly, it was from Lewis and Clark, I think. My brother’s wondering if it wasn’t from the Wanapum Indians. But the other thing, we had a principal named Lee Carlson. And he went around traveling around the United States. He was a rock hound, and he got these big, big blocks of the state rock</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">. And on George Washington Way—oh, just north of Lee, on the east side, I—oh, yeah, it was a theater, the Liberty Theater. And anyway, they built this water fountain and had each one</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> of these rocks from the state. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nd I’ve often wonde</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">d what happened to that</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, b</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ecause it was very nice. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">I hope they put it somewhe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">, but if they have, I haven’t heard about it. Als</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">o, it wasn’t—then in those days, </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">not very many people traveled that widely, so it was very inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sting to—you know.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, right. Well, especially, I imagine, growing up in Richland, until ’58, the only people that could live in Richland we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> people—employees of Hanford. So I imagine that, as you we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> saying earlier, always knowing everybody, I imagine that would be exceptionally true in Richland whe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> everyone you knew worked at Hanford, or was a family of someone who worked at Hanford. So the community had kind of a close</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">knit feeling?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> It did to me.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: What else about your childhood strikes you?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, I was in high school when the hous</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">es sold. And other than the</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> Globetrotters—anyway, I had hardly seen black people, other than when they came in town. They did a thing at Columbia High School that’s now Richland High School. And then the houses sold and four black families—maybe mo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> than that—moved in. But anyway, they we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> in high school and the two brothers we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> CW Brown and I can’t </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member his brother—Norris. And he was married to one of the girls. And the other brother, Norris, was engaged to other. They we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ally good at basketball and we got number one at state in basketball that year. The</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> other g</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">at men, too, but I don’t think anybody contested the fact that they we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> a big thing.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">Re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ally?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Big part of it. And I never saw any—I was raised without p</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">judice because I didn’t see it, if you know what I mean. And another inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sting story is I went to high school with Sharon Tate.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">Re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ally?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And the incident I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member is I was in the bathroom, and the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> was a lady—well, a girl I guess, and anyway Sharon Tate was the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> by the sink. This big black girl asked her if she would help</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> her,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> and she says, very graciously, said yes. I mean, you just didn’t see any p</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">judice. And that was my—so when I hear about this other stuff—in fact</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> people would come to our high school. This one girl just came from the South and was talking about all these murders and this kind of thing. I just hadn’t seen it.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: You mean during the Civil Rights era?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Right, right. Like I</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> say</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> I saw no p</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">judice whatsoever.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: It’s very inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sting you mention Sharon Tate, because I used to ask that question of people who g</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">w up he</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">, and I’d never met anybody yet who had actually met her. So did you know her well, or did you—</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: No. I knew she was in high school. I never had a class with her. That</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">’s the only—that</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> was the closest.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: But she was very gracious. And everybody knew she was gonna be a movie star. She made no ifs ands or buts about that. And then she was Miss Richland, which was one of the last Miss Richlands.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right, then, yeah, she moved away.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: She moved </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">to Germany just a few weeks later. She knew when she became Miss Richland that she was gonna do that, but—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">And then of course you obviously </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member the tragic event that happened to her.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: In fact</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> I think I lived in California at the time. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ally?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I think I lived in Los Angeles County when it happened.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow. Did you have any other friends that knew her or </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">had grown close to her, kept in </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">touch</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> with her?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Not that I’m awa</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> of.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">That’s just inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sting to</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> have</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> finally</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> met somebody who actually had some sort of experience with her.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: But I—what it was, was I was just </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ally overwhelmed at her beauty and how gracious she was and patient. You know?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: That’s g</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">at. Do</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> you </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member—well, I guess you would have been gone for the Civil Rights activity in Kennewick. The</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> marches—</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: What year was that?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: ’64, ’65.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: We we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> back. Oh, no, we left again in ’65 and ’66.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: O</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">kay</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: But I don’t </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: So I’m su</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> you’</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">—did you ever go much to the other two cities, Kennewick and Pasco, for any shopping or social events, or anything like that?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I know we did, but I can’t—and I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member when we passed East Pasco, you knew whe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> the blacks live. The</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> was one very lovely house that was a black man’s house. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">The other thing is, the whole time I was growing up, if I ever saw a Hispanic person, they we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> in the field, working. </span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Did any of them live in Richland to your </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">collection?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: If they did, I wasn’t—like I say, the only time I saw them was when we drove to Sunnyside and they we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> working in the fields, the whole time I g</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">w up.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> And my daughter worked at Wiley School in Pasco, first grade, and the Hispanics live whe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> the black community was now. </span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: So that has definitely changed.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah, Pasco is heavily Hispanic now. What can you tell me about civil defense growing up? Because you would have went to school and gone to school at the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">al high point of</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> the Cold War--</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Ken</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">t</span>: Duck-and-</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">roll? [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah, exactly. What can you tell me about what you </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member about that and how it made you feel?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, I can </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member my father was in safety.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> He also, on side jobs, he went around teaching first grade and things like that. So we we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ally into that kind of thing</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, a</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nd we we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> very safe. But I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member the duck-and-roll, and I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member the—</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">oh, </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">is it Jason Lee that was built, and it was a bomb shelter and whatnot? I don’t think Lewis and Clark was built that way. Jason Lee was built later. You know, we we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> told what to do. Exactly what it was, I don’t </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member. But I knew that we knew we we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> vulnerable and we also g</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">w up with the feeling that as soon as the war was over, the town would be taken apart. Which, obviously it wasn’t. And I think—I don’t know, but I have a feeling the Cold War </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ally kept us in the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> a lot longer. Now we—[LAUGHTER] </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member hearing about it and learning about it. The other thing I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member was when I was young, Dr. Cor</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">r</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ado came to the house and I had scarlet fever. He gave me one of the first shots of penicillin that they we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> giving the public.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: It was a thick g</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">en goo.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: When was this?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I was five, so it was ’46.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> That is very early.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah, yeah. So Dr. Cor</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">r</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ado at that point—well, these we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">—they worked for Hanford and it was very diffe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nt. Diffe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nt size and whatnot. And that was—big quarantine sign. It was by Christmas and, like I said, the g</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">rocery sto</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> was right the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">; it</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> was Campbel</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">l</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">’s then. And my father—our heritage is mainly Swedish—and my dad had invited all these people for lutefisk.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">That Swedish delicacy.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">they put this</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> quarant</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ine sign up on our</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> door. And this fish came </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">in to the mar</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ket and they call up, Mrs. Roos</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">, you’ve got to come and get this fish. It stinks up the whole sto</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">! [LAUGHTER] So that’s one of my fun memories. I mean, it wasn’t fun for her, but—</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Did you ever develop a taste for lutefisk?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well as a—a few years ago, when I was widowed—you know</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> they have the lutefisk festival every February or March at the Lutheran church, and I have a friend that is Finnish. So I called her up and I said, let’s go. And she </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">said [GRUMBLING] b</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ut she went with me. Well</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">, we had no idea whe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> to go in this church, and we just laughed and said, </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">well, </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">we’ll just follow the smell. And by gum, the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> was no smell. They do it diffe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ntly now. And it tastes like cod. I guess it is a cod, p</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">pa</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">d. So we go almost </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">every</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> year now.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: But we figu</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">d if anybody knew how to p</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">pa</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> it, it would be the Sons of Norway. </span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah. Yup. [LAUGHTER] That makes sense. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Anything else about growing up that you’d like to—that comes to mind?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member when the fi</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">works down at—just below the high school on whatnot, that’s whe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we saw the fi</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">works.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> Then they had a baseball field down the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> at one time. But this was—I think I was an adult then. They had a team called the Triplets, which is similar to the Dust Devils. And I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member they gave out jackets and I still have my Triplets jacket. [LAUGHTER]</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And the circus came to Sunnyside—the g</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">at big one—and we went the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">Well, the other thing is, one of the first things that happened was the Richland Players. And Mother said, the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> was this man that was the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> on business and he had nothing to do that night but go to—so he went to the Richland Players. And he stayed over the next day to go and tell people how ext</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">mely imp</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ssed and surprised on how good they we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">The community concerts came. Anything like that that came—they brought things in like that. I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member Ronald </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">Re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">agan came. He worked for GE.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, right, doing</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> the</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> promotional </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">films, right?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> Yeah</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">, I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member going when he was he</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: We</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> you living he</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> when P</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sident Kennedy</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> visited</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> to dedicate the N </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">Re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">actor</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> That was in November of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">63.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yes, I was, in fact—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: September, I think. S</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">orry.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: In fact, my brother was a Boy Scout. And he was right the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> and he got to shake his hand twice.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Franklin</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">: Oh, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ally?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Kent: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> Did you go to the dedication?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I don’t </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member that I did. I think I had a brand new baby or </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">something</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. [LAUGHTER] But about—when we had a brand new baby in the ‘60s, we we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> going through one of those t</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">es that you could drive through as P</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sident Kennedy was giving the oath of office.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, in—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: In California. In California.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: The </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">dwoods on the highway</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, yeah</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member that.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Do you </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member P</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sident Nixon’s visit in the late ‘60s, early ‘70s?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: You know, I can’t say that I do.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">That’s okay. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">I haven’t met anybody who has yet. I’ve seen pictu</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">s of him at Hanford, but I don’t </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">think</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> it was as widely touted as P</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sident Kennedy’s visit.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Right, right.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: He seems to have a little less mystique.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">How was it, raising—I imagine that—I guess I’d like to ask you to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">flect on maybe how the experience of raising child</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">n in Richland, and maybe how their experiences would have been diffe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nt from your experiences growing up in Richland?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Oh, t</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">hat’s inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sting.</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> Well, we had fences. [LAUGHTER] And mo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> multicultural.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: How so?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, anybody of any race could move in. The</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> very few Asians and very few Hispanics. Hmm. That’s a good question, but—well</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> they still knew it was a nuclear situation. I don’t have a good answer to that, other than it was a nice place to live. We felt safe.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: That’s inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sting. It’s inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sting, I guess, for many people who might be—who might ever see this or</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> who</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">n’t as familiar with Hanford to hear in the same sentence that </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">’s</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> all this nuclear material being produced he</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> but</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> that</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> it was also a very safe community. Did you ever feel any g</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ater existential fear from the Cold War?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I didn’t. Well, not that I </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member. I certainly didn’t when I was a child.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> Right.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And I think I was just so used to it, I don’t </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member. But another thing I do </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">member about my kids and whatnot is when I g</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">w up, everybody had the same furnitu</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right, because it was government furnitu</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah, and everything else. So when my kids g</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">w up, we went to Bell Furnitu</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. People had diffe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">nt furnitu</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. And like I say, they had dogs and whatnot. Mo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> cars during—when I g</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">w up, the men always went to work on buses. Everybody usually had a car, but they had one car. So </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">as my kids that—a lot mo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> people had two cars, and the bus system wasn’t near the thing that it was. Whe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> I live now is right by whe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> the bus barn is, and they just built that new facility and then they stopped using the buses. But I thought the buses we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">al nice, because you knew when your dad or your husband was coming home and this type of thing.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: R</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ight. And probably a bit safer, too. Less cars on the road.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, and it—you know, a lot less—fewer of us had two cars when the husband had a way to work every</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">day. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right. So then he wouldn’t need to drive—to take the car with him all the time. So </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">how long did your husband work out onsite for?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Until he </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ti</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">d.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay. How long was that?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, he came in like ’56 or ’57. He was born in ’29. And he </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ti</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">d at 65. So—[LAUGHTER] </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">what</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> would that be? ’86? Or something like that.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Kind of right when things we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">—production was starting to drop off. It says he</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> that you’d been in the same house for 48 years on Saint St</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">et?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: On Saint St</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">et, yes. </span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And is that a</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">n</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> Alphabet House, or is that a newer—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: No, it was—we’</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> the only family that lived the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And it was a Stanfield-Nelson house.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And—no, it was—we we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> gonna build in that </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">, and I hadn’t picked a plan yet. But w</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">e we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> on our way to buy a lot around the corner. And I said, hey, look, this house. Let’s go see if we can walk through. And we walked through, and I says, well, that’s what I want, build it over the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. And they said, why not he</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">? And I said, well, you’ve al</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">ady picked up the carpet and whatnot. I’</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ll probably have one new house—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">I’m gonna pick out everything. They said, it’s on hold. And it was—I’m </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">al glad I did, because I have four little boys, and they had all these things done—you know, the </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">people that built from scratch—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">running into all these problems. And the cabinets we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> in, they we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> beautiful. They built them right in the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. And they we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> beautiful; they we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> walnut—I loved walnut. And they did—and outside, the patio, the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> was a hole the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> and I said, I can’t have that. So they custom-built a beautiful bench that we sat on top of—you know, whe</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> the window was for the dryer. And I’ve been the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> 48 years, and the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> isn’t another house in the world I’d rather live in. I wish everybody felt that way about their house. [LAUGHTER]</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I wish I felt that way about my house, honestly.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Did any of your siblings ever go to work for Hanford—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Hanford.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">--end up staying in the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, my brother Richard is he</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> now.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: He would be somebody—and I forgot to bring his number—that would be inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sted. He works out on the grounds and keeping track of radiation from the animals and this type of thing.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Oh. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">Wow, inte</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">sting.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I don’t know—I think I can tell the story. This one man came to him and </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">he </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">said, the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">’s a building out the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">, and these people won’t let me go in and check on things. And he says, the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">’s some birds on top of this building. And</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> he says, I had</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> an idea that they have a lot of radiation, and they won’t let me </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">in. So he and Richard went and said, we’</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> coming in. And the birds we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> full of radiation. By the time they decided what to do about it, they we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> in Argentina. [LAUGHTER] But he says, the saving grace is whatever kind of bird it was, it wasn’t the kind people ate for dinner.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, right.</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> So—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: At least</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> the</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">’s that. It’ll have to work its way through another couple animals to get into the human food st</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">re</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">am.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And the other thing was when Rattlesnake Mountain—I have allergies. And when Rattlesnake Mountain burned, my allergies were the best they’d ever been.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Really? What is it that </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">you’re</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> allergic to?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I don’t really know. I’ve been here so long, I’ve just—but anyway, guess who was the o</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ne that had them helicopter</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> to</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> reseed it</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">. My brother. [LAUGHTER] They came in with helicopters. I said, I don’t know about that. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Since you’ve—we’ve talked a bit about how the neighborhood changed from—or how kind of the town changed from—in ’58 when things were—when the</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">y</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> privatized</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">and you said some African Americans came in, fences came up, and things. How was—what changes have you noticed in your house</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> now,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> where you’ve been living for almost half a century—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, yes. We were one of the first houses in that </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">area</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. And where Lynnwood Park is now—I don’t know if you’re familiar with that—but anyway, when they put the park in, it was in the paper, and I think on the news, there was this big oval spot th</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">at they couldn’t get grass to grow</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">. And Mark says, well, I know what that is. That was clayed in for water for the horses. There were horses out there.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, right. Like someone’s ranch.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Only, what was interesting was the mobile home park was—this was my house, and this is where the horses are, and the mobile home park was up there. So anyway, he says,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> well,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> that’s </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">what’s the matter with that</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">. So, yeah, we were one of the first ones. So it’s really built up. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, yeah, I imagine.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And my kids—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">we moved there just before Sacaj</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">awea was built. So they went to</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> Jason Lee, I believe. One day—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">the two older ones went to school; the two younger ones didn’t go to school yet. And they horsed around, and I didn’t have a car that day. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">So</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> I told them get out and walk, and it was quite a ways. But they had only </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">walked a couple of blocks and the bus that was picking up the kids more north was passing by. And they said, they’re from our school! So the kids said, we only walked a couple of blocks. [LAUGHTER] But they weren’t late again. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">[LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">And the</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">n after that, they went to Sacaj</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">awea and then Hanford.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay. And when was Hanford built? Do you remember?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, I know they started—Mark was born in ’60, and he started junior high there. He was one of the first. I don’t think it was the first year, but it was pretty close. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: W</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ere you involved in any groups or social organizations when you were being a mother and raising children?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I was—one of the things—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Robert Leduc</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">was the superintendent of schools. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> I was in a group called citizens for s</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">omething-or-other. We met with Robert</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> Leduc</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, I believe once a month. And I really enjoyed that.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: What did you do in this group?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: We just discussed all kinds of things and gave our feelings. Only other person I can remember that wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">s in it was Dr. Sara Gergel.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And who was that?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: She was a pediatrician.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Okay. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">So I imagine this was school-related?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: This was all—this was Richland Schools. I can’t remember the exact title, but it was citizen—you know. And how they picked us, I don’t remember. I was als</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">o vice president of PTO at Sacaj</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">awea. We decided not to be PTA, so we were PTO.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, and why was that?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I can’t remember. I can’t remember. I know I was in a discussion, but I can’t remember. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: What—is the O for organization?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Organization. For some reason, they didn’t want to join the PTA. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Now I kind of laugh and wonder why, but we didn’t. I was in Girl Scouts, in fact there’s a house on Falley—George Washington Way and </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Falley—that was unused at that time. But it was owned by an uncle or something of—it was one of the old, original houses.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: T</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">he pre-Manhattan Project?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Right. And anyway, we had Girl Scouts there. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">The building is still there and nobody—I don’t think it’s ever been occupied in all these years.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh. And where</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">—this was at--</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: It’s</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> yellow. Fallow and George Washington Way.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">And </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Fallow?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Fallon? I think. It’s right at the end of downtown Richland. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Hmm. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Interesting.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I’m pretty sure it’s yellow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay. I’ll have to look out for that next time.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: But—yeah—I know I enjoyed going to the things here and most things were free except—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">you know. They had a lot</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">—GE had a lot of things for the people. I do remember the dust</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">storms and the women didn’t like them. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Why i</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">s that?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, they called them termination winds.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: You know, the women would clean up, and those winds would just seep into the house.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Would these even happen when you were an adult? How long did these dust storms continue for?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Until all the irrigation started. The more the irrigation, the less of this. And one of my sons—Sterling—was talking to me. He says, the other day, you know, when I grew up her</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">e it was very little humidity. He said, n</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ow there’s a lot of humidity and he says, if you’re out driving at five or six in the morning, there’s all this water going up in the ai</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">r from sprinklers and whatnot, and i</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">t’s a lot more humid.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Mm-hmm.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: That’s a definite difference. But that hasn’t bothered me.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right. I imagine that—didn’t really think of that. Do you remember clearly when kind of the big irrigation projects were happening? Do you remember that—what kind of era that was, or decade?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Not really. I remember going out and picking fruit from when I was a kid and when I had young kids. That’s what I remember. And asparagus and things like that. But I don’t ever remember</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> it</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> without all this.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right, okay. Interesting. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">What can you tell me about the history of the Latter Day Saints in the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">area</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">? Was that—were there any Mormon settlers in the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">area</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> before the Manhattan Project, or was the main bulk kind of brought in during World War II?</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, th</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">e main bulk was brought in, but—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">I don’t know if you know anything about Bickleton that’s out there. The Brinkerhoffs </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">lived in Bickleton. And they came in, and he was the one that not too many years before he died and not all that long ago, he remembered as a child, there were bluebirds in Bickleton. So he did a project—oh, I don’t know how many years ago—20 or so, but not—where he made all these </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">houses</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> or had all these houses made, and now the bluebirds have come back to Bickleton.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: You mean like birdhouses?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow. And where is Bickleton?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: It’s not too far from here, but I’ll tell you—when we went there, I didn’t see any street signs or anything else. It’s just out, you know. My brother knew ho</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">w to get there. I thought, well, I couldn’t drive there. There’s just—it’s farm and whatnot. He was saying, there’s a bluebird, there’s a bluebird, there’s a bluebird. But they were one of the families. But most everybody else came. And I can remember, we were in schools and whatnot and then in </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">50, the steakhouse on Jadwin was built. At that time, we stayed a branch. And when the church was dedicated, we went in and we were divided into two wards—branches are usually quite small. Also, I was—the first baptism in that building was April of </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">19</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">50, and I was baptized during that baptism. I know my mother didn’t want me baptized in December in that dirty, cold Yakima River, and I didn’t put up any fuss. [LAUGHTER] We’ve really grown since then, that’s for sure.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I imagine. Do you remember any—was there any sort of—did early LDS settlers or people who came come across any hostilities or were there any troubles between—any types of persecution or anything like that?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, if there was, I didn’t see it. But I’m one of those that—I don’t—if something happens, I just walk away and it’s gone. So I didn’t see any of it.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Sure.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> And I don’t remember my folks talking about that at all. We get in and we do things with the community. We usually are quite an asset, and I think we were looked at that way. One of the things I re</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">member as a kid that I loved, that</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> I really miss now was </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">the Atomic Days—they had Atomic Days. One of the things that—they had floats, I mean gorgeous floats. I know Mother and Dad would work on these floats for Toastmasters and Toastmistresses. I remember all that crepe paper and whatnot. I miss those kind of floats. It was fantastic. They really put a lot of effort in that. I can’t remember what else but Frontier Days, but there was all—and I don’t know exactly when Art—first it was Sidewalk Show, for this, that’s coming up this Friday. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">it</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> was on the sidewalk in downtown. And then it’s turned into this big thing. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">And then it was local artists, and I’d—o</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">h, I know her, I know her. And even as an adult when I was taking a lot of painting classes, I knew a lot of the people that were showing down there. Now, I don’t. [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Did your husband share a lot of what he worked on, or was there still a culture of secrecy that</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> kind of persisted--</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Oh, no, he did not share what he worked on. But I do know that </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">he was this kind that could be very isolated and very—so if there was something that people didn’t want to work on because it was tedious or they had worked on it for years and couldn’t solve it, they just</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> handed it to him and gave him no</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> deadline and he solved all the problems. That’s the only story I’ve heard. So he was very highly valued. Then his bosses, they honored him and this kind of thing—paid as somebody like that. And his bosses that were his age or a little younger, </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">when</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> they were retiring, says Roy</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, you’ve got to retire. This young guy does not have any respect for overpaid, old geezers. So he retired early—he retired at 65, where he would have gone to 70.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: But they said, no, no. And it’s really a shame, because—you know. They lost a very valuable person. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: R</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ight. All that learned experience on the job. Is there anything that I haven’t asked you about that you’d like to talk about?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Not that I can remember at this time. I’m sure as I walk out, it’ll fill my head, but—[LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Lightbulb going off?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: But it was a very happy experience for me. It wasn’t—my parents, I could see that—well, the </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">other difference was between—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">everybody here, on vacation, always went home to their parents, because the parents didn’t live here. Whereas with my kids, my folks lived here. My husband’s folks didn’t, but my folks did. And that was a big difference. So when we went, we went to his folks’, but we weren’t trying to equal our time to both families. So also then we took time to go and do other things. That was a big one</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> to have the grandparents and the aunts and uncles here which my kids had and</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> have</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> really enjoyed.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right, that larger extended family structure would have been missing—or if your aunt or uncle didn’t work for Hanford, right, they wouldn’t live in the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">area</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Oh, I have another funny story.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Sure.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: My folks, when they moved from Jadwin which turned into Goethals, at—there’s Jadwin in the Uptown, and then Williams, and then south of Williams, it wasn’t Jadwin, it was Goethals. Why it was that way, I don’t know. But then they—several years ago, they changed it so it was Jadwin all the way down. But anyway, when they moved fr</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">om Goethals, they moved to Hain</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">s, which is across the street from the dike. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">They had that wonderful walking path, and if you haven’t walked on it, it’s marvelous. I just love to walk there. Anyway, one year, all these walkers were complaining to the City of Richland about the skunks, the skunks, the skunks. So they went in and got rid of a lot of them, and all of the sudden, all the neighbors were just covered with mice. But nobody was talking about it. I can remember my mother was real sick, and the cat came and dropped a dead mouse on her chest. My little daughter, </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">who is real little,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> came in squealing with a mouse. And then she flushed it down the toilet. The nei</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ghbors just didn’t say a word ‘</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">til it had gone on for quite a while.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: W</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: So that’s a funny story. I mean, it wasn’t funny to my mother at all, and she certainly didn’t like the present the cat gave her. [LAUGHTER] She couldn’t believe that my daughter would run around with a mouse. Why they flushed it down the toilet, I don’t know, but that’s what she did.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Do you remember the flood of ’48?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yes, I do. In fact, it was on a Sunday morning, if I remember right. There was a friend and I—he was in</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> the church, but he obviously wasn’t active and he was working at a tavern just south of what was Richland there, on the way to Richland Wye. And he went up to change a lightbulb and was electrocuted.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And, like I say, I switch the names around, so I don’t know what his name was. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">All I know is</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> I knew him from church. But at that point he wasn’t very active. And yes, I do remember the flood, but not—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">that’s what I remember. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: That’s what you remember?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And that’s when they </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">built the dike across from Hain</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">s and whatnot. But it didn’t get to our house.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay. And then they built what they called the Miracle Mile</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> then</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> as well—the long structure there to keep the water out. How else has Richland changed since you were—I mean, obviously there’s so many changes since you were sm</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">all, when</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> you first remember. But what else strikes you</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> as—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, at first, until I was a teenager—it started a little before I was teen here—just downtown Richland. And then the end of Uptown was finished when I was 13.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: The Uptown Mall?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah. The movie theater and Spudnuts were one of the first ones built</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> and then the north end was finished when I was 13. That added a lot of stores </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">and this type of thing. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> more and more and more </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">people, and—so, like I say we kept—well, I didn’t worry about it, but you kept expecting it to close up. I remember my dad saying, they found out that once a community like this can get over 100,000 then they can support themselves when that one plant moves out</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> and can survive. They won’t be what they were bef</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ore. B</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ut I’m not worried about it finishing before I die, so—[LAUGHTER] Plus, I’m on pension and social security, so—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Well, at this point, I don’t even—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">it’s hard to say when they’</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ll finish, given the task before them. It’s a really, really big one.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, there is something that I’ve never figured out and they keep doing it. I remember my whole time when I was a kid and through the whole thing, is when they took a bid, they took the low bid. I don’t remember that there was ever once that it didn’t go way, way, way over. But they kept taking the low bid! They didn’</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">t learn. And the other thing </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">I don’t understand is, why, when somebody got the bid, </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">why didn’t they say, you have to finish it at this amount of money? That, to me—now, if I was doing something on the site, I would have something in </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">there</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> like that. [LAUGHTER] It just never made sense to me, and they’re still doing it. Does it make sense to you?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: No. No, it doesn’t. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: You know, because I think they lost out by taking low bids. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Y</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">eah, there’s definitely a—well, part of the</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">issue is that, I think, that they’re spending taxpayer dollars and people want to know that they’re getting—that they’re going with the least expensive option. But if I’m understanding your point correctly, it’s that the least expensive option sometimes turns out not to be the least expensive option—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, it never did.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: --if it’s not quality work.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Oh, I see</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, I see</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Or yeah, the nature of it is </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">cost overrun.</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> And yeah, there should be a--</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: It always went way, way, way, way, way—I mean it wasn’t—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">it was way, way, way, way, way </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">over there. And it never made a bit of sense.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah, I’ve never heard of someone finishing a project at Hanford on time and under budget.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Or anywhere close to on-budget.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah, they just—like the Vitrification Plant keeps getting delayed, and finishing the closing down of the Plutonium Finishing Plant.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Once they got the contract, they—they don’t always get to keep it forever, but—so I don’t know. That’s one thing that’s never made a bit of sense to me.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: That actually</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">—brings me to</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> another question. Did you notice any changes in the town when Hanford would change contractors?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Not really, except when they brought in new contractors, then they brought in more people and different types of people—you know,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> different expertise and this t</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ype of thing. But it’s just changing—when it was just one company, I don’t really—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: What about during the shift in the late ‘80s from production to </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">cleanup and kind of the rise of the environmental consciousness, if you will. Can you talk about what you remember about the community at that time, and kind of how the people negotiated that change in Hanford’s role?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: You know, I don’t remember that at all. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Like I say, a lot of things, when I had a bunch of little tiny kids, I had my own little world. [LAUGHTER] The ‘60s are a pretty big blur. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> Right.</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> What about later, in the ‘80s and the early ‘90s when cleanup started to become a high priority? And the actual production was being shut down.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, I just remember, maybe this is coming to an end </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">kind</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> of a thing. But it didn’t affect me. I didn’t see anybody seem to be bothered. You just get—because you’ve been there for so many years, and it just kept going on.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: So—my husband didn’t talk about how it affected him or anything, or my dad. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">My mother—but I remember one thing, she—the last library she worked on was the old Richland Library. They—I guess the new one’s over 30 years old? A lot older than I thought it was. But anyway, she says, they just had to build this new one. They just couldn’t—they could not use that building anymore. And then they build a new one, and somebody was in it for another 30 years. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: The old building?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: The old building. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Where is that building? </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: It was between George Washington and Jadwin and Swift. You know, where the city hall is?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: It was right south of the city hall.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And it was a domed—orange dome.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay. Isn’t that a vacant, or an empty space now?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: They took it out, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Interesting.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> Just like the old community house. They cut it in half. [LAUGHTER] But I don’t know. And yet, to look at the theater—the Richland Theater, that’s still there.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: It is, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: But the one we went to as kids was the Village Theater, which was just a couple blocks away on George Washington Way. On the other side of Lee. They had the westerns on Saturday morning. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">So we were there for the westerns. The other thing I remember about the movies that’s so different from now is that we didn’t get the movies for two to three years, until—you know, the big—evidently, they didn’t make a jillion copies. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And we didn’t get them for two or three years.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: I can remember that. So a lot of the big ones, people had gone on vacation and already saw it. But there was enough of us that didn’t that there were still big, big, big lines. That’s one thing I remember. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Do you think maybe that had something to do with government procurement, maybe? Or the movie theater being run by the government? Or do you think it </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">was the availability—just the size of the city—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: The availability of the film is what always entered my mind.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Huh. Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And the other thing is not a lot of people flew when I was a kid, because—and I might be way off—but it seemed to me that they were paying about as much then as I—to go to Arizona as I—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">going to go this Christmas. Very </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">few people flew, and it was in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">hundreds</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> of dollars. And I’m paying $300 to go to Arizona at Christmas. [LAUGHTER] And </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">that’s</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> another thing that interests me. Of course, now, most of us fly nowadays.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right. Yeah, that’s kind</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">of the default. Or we get prepared to drive long distances, which—I imagine would have been—I imagine getting to Kennewick and Pasco when you were a child would have been quite an undertaking, in terms of just</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> the roads.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: We didn’t go very often.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: You didn’t go very often.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: But the other thing that isn’t mainly about here, but—I don’t know if you’ve ridden much</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> in Benton City, but there’s Ac</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">ord Road, that is a two-lane road, and not much</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> on the sides, and it goes </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="SpellingError SCX157585748">ssshhh</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"> on a canyon. Well, that’s what our highways were when I was a kid. It took—the two places we went was either Salt Lake or the San Francisco </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">area</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">. It took us 18 hours to get to either one. Well, it takes us ten now. See, these freeways, they’re wide, they’re one-direction. You’re not </span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="SpellingError SCX157585748">loofing</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> around—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Safer, too, I imagine.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Only place you </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="SpellingError SCX157585748">loof</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> around is on Cabbage Hill, really, to an extent. That has been a big change. But I remember</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, we’d have the kids in the car at</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> 4</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">:00 </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">AM and get to Grandpa’s at midnight. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow. That’s a long day.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: That is a long day.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: With kids in the car.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah, but it was easier than stopping. But we didn’t always do that. In some ways, when you have four little kids, it’s easier to do that than to stop. That’s one big difference. But that’s just in general; that has nothing to do with this </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">area</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCX157585748">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Franklin</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">: Right. Well, that’s still a really</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> really important difference. You mentioned earlier that your parents had worked on Atomic Frontier Days floats. Do you remember which floats specifically that they worked on?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yes, they were Toastmasters and Toastmistress.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, right.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And I think Dad worked on one</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> of the Lion</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">’</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow. Was that something they just kind of did for fun to help out?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Yeah, they were in those organizations, and—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And, boy, they put in the work and the designing. People were—well, when they first moved, </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">when they were just building the place, it wasn’t a high-educated group of </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">people. And then when they built and</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> whatnot so they could come in—the scientists. And then I remember Dad saying when I was in high school</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> it had the highest </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">percentage of PhDs in the world kind of a thing.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Mm-hmm.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: When people talked about, nobody talked to them about going to college, I said, you’re kidding. I just—everybody I knew went to college from here. The schools were very good here. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">At least the ones I went to—very, very good. Then I went to BYU and got married the last day of the quarter and came back and started at CBC. I think that was the third or fourth year</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> of</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> CBC—but it already had a good reputation. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right. Did you finish?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: No, I didn’t. I’ve been taking courses—until just a few years ago, I’ve been taking courses off and on. And then I was in the seniors programs that they had, and they quit that. So—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: What kind of courses did you take?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">, we had two businesses when </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">the kids got to teenagers, my one son—well, he was a scout, and for one of his merit badges—my husband’s boss was the scout master. He also, on the side, had bees. So we checked with the neighbors, and they were okay, and we had two or three hives in our backyard. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">My son couldn’t find a job for the summer, so he said, Dad, can we have bees? So I don’t know, we had big contracts and whatnot and we worked together with the other ones, and were very involved in the state bee organization. It was the most wonderful thing for our family. We just—we worked hard, and we worked together. But then the older ones were leaving, and the two younger ones got deathly allergic. So then when we didn’t have the bee business anymore, our son says—I knew a man that was selling his carpet business, so we bought the carpet business. But anyway, when we had the bee business, I took two years of accounting. </span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> Okay?</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> [LAUGHTER] Yeah, I kind of went off on that, didn’t I? And I’ve taken about every--oil painting, whatever it is kind of thing. But when I first went, I was taking the basic courses.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right, the general education.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> The general education. And then I just went off on the different things. So I kept the books for the businesses and answered the phone. </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">We liked the beekeeping business much more than the carpet cleaning business.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I bet.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And like I say, we worked together. One of the things is, one of my boys took</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> them</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> out—you know you move bees at night?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Mm-hmm.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And he was out in the farm somewhere and the truck turned over. They said there were policemen all around keeping cars from going, but none of them were out helping. [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">It was a stinging proposition, but it was good for us. It really brought us close. The kids learned if you work hard, you could have anything you wanted. They got</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> the</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> skis, they went skiing. They’re still real hard workers. They found the benefit of that. My one son, when we were getting rid of the carpet business, he decided to—he was going to go to college, and we had some problems—well, some men that worked for us came in and had keys to our house and came in and stole our truck and a few other things and whatnot.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: And we got a call from a policeman in Oregon, and there was this little box that looked—</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">that </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">was locked and whatnot, and they took that. It didn’t have anything that they wanted, but it had a lot of personal papers. So the police sent it to us. Anyway, when we were getting out of the carpet keeping business, my son, David, took it with him to school and took the debt and whatnot and built up a carpet-cleaning business in Las Vegas.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow. Does he still do that?</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: No. He works for Costco now. And he’s in Selah. He was at the Kennewick store and they transferred him to Yakima. They have moved to a house that’s over 100 years old. And they’ve kept adding to it and adding to it. I don’t</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> go up</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">stairs because I need the bathroom often, and you have to know e</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">xactly which staircase you go up to get to</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> the bathroom up there. [LAUGHTER] His wife’s family grew up there, and they said, oh, we’re so</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> interested</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">. We always walked past this house. We wondered who owned it now. And so it is a very interesting house. But—[LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right. Well, Sharon, is there anything else you would like to add or that I haven’t talked about before we—</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Not that’s coming. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">Right</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748">. Well, I just want to thank you for sharing so much about your life.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, you’re welcome.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> opening up</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> to us about your experiences</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> growing up</span><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"> in Richland.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Kent</span>: Well, you’re welcome.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX157585748"> <p class="Paragraph SCX157585748"><span class="TextRun SCX157585748"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX157585748"> <br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://youtu.be/56vU5WxUfWo">View interview on Youtube.</a></span></p> </div> Years in Tri-Cities Area Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site 1943- Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Sharon Kent Subject The topic of the resource Hanford Site (Wash.) Richland (Wash.) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 7/26/2016 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item. Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 2016-08-19: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.] Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection. Description An account of the resource Sharon Kent moved to Richland, Washington in 1943 as a child. An interview conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by Mission Support Alliance on behalf of the United States Department of Energy. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities General Electric Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963; Richland (Wash.) https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F7022bb74a0ba57959267cd96ac015ced.jpg 0aafabc17d93e102362c6d2e53e8abc5 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F061db68a7c1d8e77ce0f3f249b8a7e72.mp4 dad1f7349628cab3706efa956239db82 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Post-1943 Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War Description An account of the resource Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Robert Franklin Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Alice Didier Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Robert Franklin</span>: My name is Robert Franklin. I am conducting an oral history interview with Alice Didier on July 12</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX146332551">th</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">, 2016. The interview is being conducted on the campus of Washington State University Tri-Cities. I will be talking with Alice Didier about her experiences working at the Hanford s</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ite and homesteading outside of—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Connell?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Alice Didier</span>: Eltopia.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Eltopa.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Eltopia, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Eltopia</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">. So why don’t we start at the beginning. Where were you born?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I was born in Portland, Oregon.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I was a city girl. Met my husband</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> who was born in Condon, Oregon, and he came from wheat farming country. However, his dad was not a farmer; he ran a machine shop in Condon. However, Don worked on many of the farms up there in Condon. We were married in 1951, and Don was in the service. He was in the Air Force. So after he was discharged, we came home to Condon. Our dream was to have something of our own—a farm, or—you know—mainly a farm. But the ground in that area was way too expensive for us to ever dream of owning anything. So we had the—we decided to make a trip to Canada. We went all the way to Prince George looking for land to buy, because they were encouraging American citizens to come up there and settle. Well, after that trip—before that trip, Don got an inquiry, or got a letter from the—I don’t really—it was the Bureau of Reclamation? I don’t know. It was if you were a veteran, you were entitled to throw your name in the hat, and if your name was drawn, you might have an opportunity to draw some land up here in the Columbia Basin. On a whim, he filled that out and mailed it before we left. And we were very glad we did because Prince George was a pole thicket up there. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: It was a what?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: A pole thicket. </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: A pole thicket.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">My goodness gracious, if you had to clear that land it’d take you forever and a day. Plus—what is—peat? It had a peat—you couldn’t burn it, because you’d burn off everything that was worth—of value to farm. So you had to clear everything by hand.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: So</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> anyway. Very glad that when we got back, he had sent this in, and he was informed to come for an interview in Connell by a board of people that would determine if we were qualified. You were supposed to have assets, I think</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> of $1,500. I don’t remember what the qualifications were. But we did not have—we did not meet the qualifications. But we decided that we’d bluff it through. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> So we came up in the fall of 1953. To Connell. I was eight-and-a-half months pregnant with my daughter. First thing I did was look up the name of the doctor in the phone book in Connell, because I thought I might not make it back to Condon before she appeared on the scene. But anyway, didn’t work out that </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">way. But they took Don out in a Jeep, and bounced over hill and dale, and showed him the land that they had laid out that was available for drawing at that time. Not everything was available at the same time. So he picked out our farm unit. I had never—I didn’t get to see the land. I didn’t have any part of that, because I didn’t want to chance taking a trip in the Jeep in my condition. February of ’54, his dad and Don loaded up—we bought this Army tent, and he loaded up everything we owned in the way of furniture and moved up to our unit. It was nothing but rock, sagebrush, rattlesnakes—[LAUGHTER]—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">and,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> yeah</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">, sagebrush,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> I said sagebrush. A lot of sagebrush. All of that had to be cut and burnt—cleared, in other words, in order to farm anything in the area that we picked out. Some land around there had been farmed—wheat farmers had tried their hand at raising wheat in that area, small areas. But not enough rainfall. And there were sheep camps in there. They had been running sheep, some of them. </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">When Don brought me up, he pulled up on this—we had to come in from Eltopia; there were no roads built. So we had to come over hill and dale to get out to our farm unit. And he pulled up, and he said, this is it. And I said, this is it? I mean—[LAUGHTER] there was nothing there, period. It was sort of a shock.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And you hadn’t seen it before this?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I had not seen it before then.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: It had been purchased sight unseen by you?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yes, yes. And he and his dad had preceded my coming up there to drop our stuff off and build a wooden floor and side—what would you call it? Sidewalls. Sidewalls for the tent. So they had it pretty well constructed. Anyway, that was the beginning. [LAUGHTER] Don had borrowed from a farmer in Condon a small little D4 Cat, I think it was. We hauled that up here. And he and his dad had built a scraper, a small scraper, to put behind it. So Don started developing a piece of land behind where we had pitched this tent. My daughter was three months old when we moved up here. Let’s see—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">October, </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">November</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">, December</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">—four months old, I guess. And my son was about a year-and-a-half, or less than two. So we took up residence i</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">n our tent. [LAUGHTER] And </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">when we finally got our power, we had a refrigerator. Like I said, I had a </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span class="SpellingError SCX146332551">Sud</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Saver washing machine that you could dump the water. We had two tubs out front—laundry tubs, like there used—women used to have in their house. So I’d save the wash water, and I’d save the rinse water, because we were hauling every drop of water. It was pretty precious. You reuse it a couple of times. Maybe not the most sanitary, but that was</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> the</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">—[LAUGHTER] That’s what we had to do.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: How long did it take from when you moved in to when you got power?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I’d say two weeks at the most.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Big Ben</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">d</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> came in and dropped power in. But we still had no roads. We had a little ’51 Oldsmobile and we had a water trailer, and we had to go into Eltopia to the railroad—there was a railroad well. And we’d fill there. It took a half a tank of gas to get down to the well and back with a tank of water. Yeah. And we had no neighbors. There were no neighbors. It was just Don and I out there. Over the hill was a couple. She was an English war bride. And they had settled in there before we did. And then we had another couple to the south of us. But we were the only people in that whole area. It was pretty dark at </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">night,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> I’m going to tell you. There were no lights. There was nothing. It was black.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow. So how fast did the land clearing go?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Not very fast.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Not very fast?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Because we didn’t have any money. We used a big Noble blade and cut the sagebrush. Then we’d have to go out and pile it by hand in big stacks and burn it. Don managed to level off, I think—well</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> I don’t know, what was it? 14, 15 acres was the first—because in those days, there were no circles. It was all either you had hand line—irrigation hand line, or you had to level the ground to a grade that you could put in a ditch and use siphon tubes—rill irrigation, they called it. And Don didn’t want anything to do with the hand lines. So he was leveling it for rill irrigation.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And so you used real irrigation?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: We did.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And how do you spell that?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: R-I-L-L.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">R-I-L-L. </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">We did a previous oral history </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">where someone mentioned that and we didn’t—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Know how to spell—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: No one</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> at the Project</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> had heard of that </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">and we weren’t sure how to spell it.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Really?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: So it’s R-I-L-L—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Mm-hmm.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: --irrigation. Thank you so much. Can go back and fix som</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">e </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">transcripts.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: So it’s—just will you explain that again? That’s when you lay down—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">where </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">you grade—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>; You have to grade the land so that the water will flow from the top to the bottom.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: You know, enough of a grade so that the water will flow down the—well, you put ditches from the head ditch up here that carries the main body of water. You would back up to that with ditch shovels and make ditches every so far through your crop. That’s where you would set the siphon tube and the water would go from the top to the bottom. When it reached the bottom, then you’d pick them up and move on down. You could only set so many at one time, depending on how much of a head of a water you had—or how many feet you had coming down the ditch.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: So that’s a much more labor-intensive type of irrigation. I imagine, probably an older type of irrigation, as well.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Right, but not maybe as labor-intensive as packing that hand line. That’s work. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And what would the tubes be constructed out of usually?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Aluminum.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Aluminum</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> tubes</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: And there’s a picture, I think, in that magazine I gave you</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> from International Harvester, showing</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> me priming one of those tubes.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay, great. Wow, tha</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">t</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">’</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">s great.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> You had to learn how to do that. You had to learn how to give it a deal like this and flip it over quick so you didn’t lose your prime. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: A lot of people didn’t know how to do it in the beginning and they’d suck</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> on it, if you can believe that, to get the water running. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Kind of like siphoning gas?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah, only—the water was much cleaner than later on. I mean, after more—we actually</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> on this end of the Basin</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> reuse the water that comes in up north. So a lot of it’s recovered—what is that lake up there that—there’s a lake—I can’t remember the name of it right now. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> that was our first—and our first venture was to plant some hay. There was nobody to buy what you raised. We had no markets then. So I remember the hay that we baled—we finally got it baled and it sat out there until the hay grew up over it, because there was no sense picking it up; we didn’t have anybody to sell</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> it</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> to. [LAUGHTER] So it wasn’t a very productive, I guess, in the beginning, as far as producing money. So I went to work at Camp Hanford.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Do you remember what year that—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: No. Well, it’d be—okay, ’54 we moved up here. It was probably during ’54. Because we had to eat. </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right, you needed some cash coming in.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Hay wasn’t </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">going</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> to cut it.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: No.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: So what did you do at Hanford?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> I was a secretary. I was interviewing people for jobs out there.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: All kinds of jobs, or--?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: You know, that—I didn’t work there a whole long </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">time</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">. That was a long trip for me, clear from Eltopia.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> imagine.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> I had to drive that every day. I don’t remember. Not all kinds of jobs, I’m sure, because I’m not versed in scientific things, you know. I’m not sure it was Camp Hanford, so I don’</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">t know what did Camp Hanford do?</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> They were—it was long before all this Pr</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">oject stuff started out here in—I think it was—wasn’t that a military type of camp? Camp Hanford?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: There’s a few different things that are referred to as Camp Hanford. There’s the actual Camp Hanford, as it’s oftentimes noted as the camp where the construction crews lived. Then there was—there were a couple—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">there was a military camp--</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I think that was it.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: --ca</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">lled Camp Hanford as well, where they—when they had the military stationed there for—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> But I wasn’t interviewing for military; it had to be civilian peopl</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">e they were hiring or stuff. I </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">wasn’t military. Because I was not in the military and whatever.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right. So you sai</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">d you were a secretary, but then you said—didn’t you do something</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> with the whole body counter?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> That was for GE.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: For GE, okay. So in the beginning you worked at Camp Hanford, secretary/interviewer.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: And then I went to Bureau of Reclamation in Eltopia. They had a construction office there.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: So I went down and applied for a job there, and I was so happy when I got a job, because I didn’t have to</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> go very far to go to work. T</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">hey were still completing canals and doing work. So I worked down there for a while. And then I decided, I gue</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ss, that I guess that I needed more money</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">—or th</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">a</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">t we needed more money. So I went out—I applied to go to work at GE. And the first job I had was for Roy Lucas in tech shops. That was 300 Area. All my jobs that I held during that time that I worked out there were all for GE. It was just as GE was phasing out. And I forget who the next contractor was that </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">came</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> in, but GE—yeah. I left just as GE was—they were changing over.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And you said you worked for Roy Lewis at—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> No, Roy Lucas.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Roy Lucas.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Lucas, L-U-C-A-S.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: At the tech shops?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Tech shops. He ran—it was like machining.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: They did machining. They had these tech shops—T-E-C-H—tech shops. And then I went to work for—well, there was a little incident between there. I got pregnant again. So I had to take a leave of absence, and my youngest son was born in 1960. So I think three months after he was born, I had taken a leave of absence, I came back, and I got a job at the Whole Body</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Counter—I think that was next—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">with Fr</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ank Swanberg, where they did al</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">l</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">the testing on people that were working out there with their dosimeters or whatever they were wearing. They did a lot of testing on people that had worked out there for their levels of radiation exposure. Then I got a job—I got a promotion and went out to 300 Area again, and I went to work for Ward Spear. I don’t remember the name of that. They were all scientific people there. The papers I typed up were horrendous, with all their equations in them. [LAUGHTER] Then</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> I worked for the boss of that </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">w</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">h</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ole group and he eventually became the CEO of Battelle, Ron Paul.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: You</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> know </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Ron Paul, or have you heard of him?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I’ve heard the name, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah, he</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> was—I can understand why he was promoted to what he was. He was one of the best bosses I ever worked for, let’s put it that way.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And why was that?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Very well organized. Never, ever last minute, I got to have this like ten minutes ago. No. He was always—I don’t know—just was a very personable man. Yeah, I really liked him. And then I got another promotion</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> and I went to work for Art Kee</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ne in radiation monitoring.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: So </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">kind of </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">back to radiation monitoring.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Yeah. And he was head of the whole group that </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">supervised the Whole Body Counter</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> and whatever work—you know, all the people that were doing the monitoring out the</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">re. And that’s when I decided</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> that</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> I’</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">d better call it a day. I had five children, and I was driving—I was spending ten to ten-and-a-half hours a day—well, ten hours, I guess it was—for eight hours of work out here. I mean, it took me—we still were not financially doing that well, so I hopped car pools. I had three car pools by the time I got to work at 300 Area. I had to switch</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> and pass go. [LAUGHTER] And then had one</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> more switch, I think. I can’t remember, but anyway.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: So then you moved back to the farm.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I went</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> back to the farm, and that’s when things started to pick up, and our markets were better, and you had more choices of what to raise.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Do you know what year that would have been?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, Brett was born in 1960—oh, gosh. I think he was two, something? Probably 1962 or ’63.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And so you said things had kind of improved, at least market-wise by that time?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Right, well there were more variety of crops to raise.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: So what were you—so you started with hay, so what were you expanding out into?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, we raised—in the beginning—well, we tried beans. We tried beans, we tried—I can just give you a repertoire of everything we raised. We didn’t do all that at one time. We raised sweet corn, we raised sugar beets, we raised potatoes. We were into potato growing—my husband loved to raise potatoes. Let’s see, sugar beets. Asparagus. We had 80 acres of asparagus once. So, we—can’t think of anything else. Wheat. We’ve had wheat off and on. I can’t think—and hay. Mainly, here in the last years, we’ve been mainly hay farmers.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Because potatoes were always a big gamble. And we had a very bad year one year and almost had to go into bankruptcy.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Is that because of weather or—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Because of circumstances. We had two circles of potatoes, and they had out this chemical that they claimed if you sprayed it at a certain time, that it would set your potatoes so they didn’t put on any </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">more small</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> ones—under</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">sized, which paid you nothing. That y</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ou’d get bigger growth on the potatoes that were already set underneath the vine. It was MH-30, was what it was. So we tried that, and they sprayed it on </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span class="SpellingError SCX146332551">on</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> the hottest day of the year, I think. It was very hot that day. In two days, our potatoes were dead. Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: So you literally could watch them perish.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah. Our field man came and he said, Don, the potato vines are dying.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Because it was a salt solution, and they had no warning on their label that you should not spray over a certain temperature. And other people had used it and came out fine. But not us.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: But what was there we harvested. It was pretty sad. And then that was the year we got a rainstorm. We had wheat and we had a really hard rain. Then next day was like a pressure cooker. And all that wheat sprouted in the head. So it was feed wheat. It was not marketable.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Just—you know, one of those years. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah. Where nature seems to be throwing everything at you.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yup.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah. I grew up on a farm.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> This year seems to be that way, too. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I grew up on a farm as well. My mom still farms.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Really?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Then you know what I’m talking about.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah, I’ve heard lots of stories.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: When things start going wrong they just sort of escalate, you know? But potatoes, you had—at that time, you had $1,000 an acre into potatoes before you ever put a harvester in the field.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah. So—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I guess that explains the switch to hay. So you said that you had done—the people—I’ve read that the people in</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> that Bend area had tried wheat</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> in the late 19</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX146332551">th</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> and early 20</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX146332551">th</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> centuries and kind of gave up. But you guys also tried wheat. Did you try that with irrigation or did you try to—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Oh yeah. We had nothing dryland. Everything was irrigated, everything we farmed.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Franklin</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">: And how did the </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">wheat</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> do</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> besides that one awful year with the pressure cooker?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, you’d better expect over 100 bushel of wheat or—you know, I’m not as up on yields now as I was then, because</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> my son farms our operation</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> since my husband died. I always kid him I’m on a need-to-know basis. [LAUGHTER] I have to ask questions if I want to know—[LAUGHTER]—if I really want to know the nitty gritty about things, and then sometimes he gets sort of upset with me. So I’m saying 120 bushel—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">120 bushel is not unheard of, a</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">nd over. Depending on the variety of wheat, you know. The year, the weather, everything.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">So you said that right now you’ve pretty much just reverted to planting hay now—growing hay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Didi</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">er</span>: Until </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">this past two years</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> the hay farmer</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">’</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">s in a world of hurt out there now after that port slowed down over in Tacoma. Sort of ruined the foreign markets. And then, too, our dollar’s been so strong, tho</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">se people that depended on—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">I guess that were our markets, they went elsewhere when they weren’t getting their shipments. So you have to work to get those people back buying again. And there is hay stocked all over the basin. We’ve got hay from two years ago we haven’t sold.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: And this year we have had rain, rain, rain on about every cutting which makes it feeder hay. My son had an offer the other day of $60 a ton. You got $150 into it to break even.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: So you take your licks and walk on, hopefully, if you don’t get your financing cut off. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah. Did you spend a lot of time in nearby communities, in Eltopia? Were you involved in any organizations there, or social groups, or church groups or anything?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Oh, yeah. Yes. I belong to St. Paul Catholic church. We actually built that church, the people that </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">moved</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> in there.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah. The people of that area, we </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">built</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> the St. Paul Catholic church at Eltopia.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: How large was Eltopia when you moved there?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Oh, the town of Eltopia?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: [LAUGHTER] O</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">o</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">h, not very big. There had been a bank there once. There’d been—well, when we first moved in there and we had no refrigeration and I had a new baby, there was a </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span class="SpellingError SCX146332551">Streadwick</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> that opened a little store there. And he carried milk and bread, thank heavens, because I could buy milk from him. Because I couldn’t keep milk without it going sour for more than a day or so at a time.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: There was a who?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: A St</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">re</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">dwick. His name was </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">just Stredwick.  There was a Stre</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">dwick family that owned a filling station on the old highway there. And Millie, she was a widow, but she had a pack of kids, and she was the switchboard operator in Eltopia. If you wanted to make a phone call in the beginning, you had to go to Millie’s house to make the telephone call. </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Because</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> we had no phones.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Or if you received a call, they’d have to come out and tell you that somebody was trying to get ahold of you.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And how far away was that?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, about the same distance as getting the water. A little bit closer, but not much, because we had to go right into the town of Eltopia to get to her house. She lived in Eltopia.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I would say there wasn’t more than 150 people, or less, in Eltopia per se. </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Where did the children go to school?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: They started in Eltopia, my two oldest. But then we—they decided school districts. You either were going to go to Pasco or you were going to go Connell. We were—the dividing line was Fir Road, which was one more road to the south. Well, no, it’s more than one for me, but Eltopia West is t</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">he main road now that comes off of</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> 395. It’s o</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ne road over from Eltopia West—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">F</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ir Road—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">was the dividing line. If you lived on the left side of Fir Road, you went to North Franklin School District, which was Connell. If you lived on the other side</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> you went to Pasco. So we went to Connell. </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Mesa—they built a grade school in Mesa, they built a grade school in Basin City. That’s all North Franklin. Then they had a grade school in Connell, then they built a junior high and a high school. So my kids all went through—finished. Some of them completely went through the North Franklin School District. The two oldest had a few years there in Eltopia. There actually was an old high school in Eltopia. But they closed it down, too. We used to have dances down there.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Franklin</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">: Oh really?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: The floors went up, and the floors went down, but we had an orchestra that did the playing. In the middle of the music they’d just stop. [LAUGHTER] We</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">’ve</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> laughed about that.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wait, w</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">hy did they stop?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Just decided to stop! [LAUGHTER] And you’d be dancing away, all of the sudden the music just stopped. I don’t know. Probably had too much to drink. Everybody had to bring their own bottle, you know.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Really?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah, oh, ye</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">a</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">h</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And who put these dances on?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, we sort of had a—hmm, I don’t know. Don’t remember that. </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Just—I don’t know—we didn’t have an association, particularly. It was just our local group around there decided, you know, like New Year’s Eve or something</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> is </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">about when</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">—it wasn’t all the time.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Was the high school being used at that time, or was it just kind of an empty—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: No,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> no,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> it was going downhill. And that’s what I said—the floors were warped because the roof had leaked.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">my</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">. Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah. And so you had to watch your step. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> I bet.</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> So were these adults-only dances?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yes, yes, yes. Yes, it was adults only.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: That’s great. That’s really interesting.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">We were involved—I had a 4-H club. Don coached Little League—yeah, Little League, down in Eltopia</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">. We had a team, b</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ecause our boys played on that. We were big boosters of Connell High School, because all our boys—Clint played—my one son played in the NFL for nine years. The other boy was the one we thought was going to be the NFL player. But he wanted to farm more than play football. He’s the one that’s farming my place now. But our boys all participated in sports up there, so we were</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> big</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> sports boosters. Don helped build the bleachers. The old—we used to have our games down there in the—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">well</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">, it was in the town of Connell. Since then it’s all moved up by the high school. But he helped build the bleachers into the side of the hill. He had a trophy case built for them. And then the boys went to CBC, both Clint and Curt. And we donated there, the foundation or whatever it is. Still do—Clint still supports that.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Did you or your husband go to college?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Don did for a year. He was going to be an engineer. I went to college at night school for a while, but I never got a degree, no. I came out of a high school in Portland that you learned bookkeeping, </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">shorthand, and so when you graduated</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> you also had a degree—you had English and a</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> language and everything else—b</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ut you could go out and get a job.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay. Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Didie</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">r</span>: And then they had Benson</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> at that time for the boys where they learned how to—you know, like shop and things like that. And then they did away with that; we don’t have those kind of things anymore. Big mistake. I think we should still have those type of—because some kids are just not college material.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: To be able to go out and work and do something when you come out of high school. Because kids nowadays, they need work.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right. To</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> have a trade or at least to have—maybe have post-high school schools that are geared for trade instead of—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah, instead of—because when you come out of high school now, what do you have? You don’t have a trade of any kind, or a skill of any kind. Except supposedly your brain, and then you got to go on to another four-year school, and you’re still—if you want to really amount to anything, that isn’t adequate now either. And then we wonder why we have such high debt for these kids that are—[LAUGHTER]—you know, trying to get a college education or get a trade or whatever.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah. Oh! How did you meet your husband?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Uh-oh. [LAUGHTER] Do I have to tell you the true story? [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Well if it’s</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> racy or</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> saucy</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> then yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: For the good of history.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Okay, well--</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I’m just kidding. Whatever you’re comfortable with.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, every year in Portland at the beginning of</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> the</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> football season, they would have sort of a roundabout w</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">here each high school came</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> and play</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ed</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> a quarter or something against</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> another </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">one of the other teams. I had been a cheerleader at my high school. This i</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">s since I had graduated, and I’d</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> started to work. I went to</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> work at 16 for the Soil Conservation </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Service</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> in Portland.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">really? O</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">kay. Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: So, my girlfriend and I decided that we were going to go to this celebration—the football thing—that night. So I took a bus and I got off the bus where I was to meet her. And Don and a friend were standing there on the corner. He was enrolled at the—is it University of Portland is the Catholic school down there, or Portland U? No, it’s University of Portland, yeah. Anyway, he’d just started college there. So he tried to strike up a conversation, and I—my mother told me never—[LAUGHTER]—Don’t do those kind of things. I’m just kidding. But anyway, I wouldn’t talk to him. I walked across the street to meet my </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">friend, and we had to walk back in front of him to get back on the bus to get to where we were going. He says, why don’t you let us give you a ride? And I said, no. I said, we’ll just take the bus. So we did. We got on the bus. So they ran around, got in their car, and they followed our bus over to the stadium. Later in the game, I went down and was sitting on the bench with my friends from my high school there. And around the corner walks Don. That was the beginning of the end. He said, well, as it turned out we had a mutual</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> acquaintance—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">my girlfriend did. So we went to the dance at Portland University that night with them. </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">And that was </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">the end of me ever dating anybody</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> else. Next day, he called me and—[LAUGHTER] So. And it was ironic because my son, Clint, you know, played f</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">or Mouse</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Davis down there, and years later he played in that stadium.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: [LAUGHTER] I call that sort of ironic coincidence, that years later we came back to the place where we actually engaged in a conversation that night. Anyway. So it was a pick-up, I guess you’d say.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah. Sounds like he was pretty persistent.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, he wasn’t very talkative. But I was impressed. He was pretty good-looking. [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">I liked what I saw. So anyway.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: That’s—aww. And was he drafted, then? You said he was in the Air Force.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Didi</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">er</span>: Yeah, he was in the reserve.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: A</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">nd he got—it was the Korean situation, and he got called up</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">. So we were married just as he—right after he got called up, his commander was gracious enough to give him a </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">couple</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> of</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> days off to have a honeymoon for—what did we have? Three days or something, when it was supposed to be boot camp. He happened to then be stationed at the Portland—there in Portland, for almost a year. And then he got orders to go to Nashville, Tennessee. So we up and moved. I went with him. Didn’t have any children then. We went to Tennessee for less than a year, I think, before we came back. And when we came home, we went to Condon, Oregon and Don went to work for a wheat farmer there.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay. So he was drafted in Korea, but didn’t—he never—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> He never served overseas, no. He never had to serve overseas. He was a lineman—supposed to be his—whatever, what do they call it? His MO, or whatever? It was supposed to be—oh, I don’t know—what’s the second in command? I don’t know. Anyway, they found that he had been a telephone lineman at one time, so that’s what he ended up being, was a telephone lineman.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Do you—when you were homesteading out there, did you have any run-ins or—well, not run-ins is the right word, but interactions with Native Americans who would have inhabited that area long before</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">? Did you ever see, or were you </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ever </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">aware </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">of--</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: No, there was nothing. The only thing, we found a couple of arrowheads on our place once. No. Some old sheep camps, we found some things in that, but there was no—no, there was no indication of any—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: From e</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">arlier </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">settlement days</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: No.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: How has farming changed over the years for you?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Oh, my gosh. Well, what are we talking here? ’54 to—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">is that </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">60-what? ’62 years?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">60 years, y</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">eah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Phenomenal, I guess, would be my word. Equipment-wise. Everything now if possible is circles, for irrigation. Tractors are—how many times bigger should I say than what we started out with? My son owns a quad-</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span class="SpellingError SCX146332551">trac</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">, which—I don’t know, what are they? $280,000 or $300,000-some-odd and it’s mo</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">nstrous. You have GPS now; everything</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> is—you plant by that. I guess—I don’t really have a word to—I guess express how much it’s advanced. Planters are all—well, just like we planted some beans this year, trying to find out something else besides hay to plant. This guy just pulls into field we had with timothy hay, and you don’t have to disc, you don’t have to do anything. He j</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ust sets down, and he’s got</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> things that open it up to plant the seeds, so you don’t have to worry about the wind problem you used to. It used to be, we had horrendous winds and dirt. You’d plant a crop, and you’d pray that you didn’t get one of those winds or it’d be gone—the seed would be gone. A lot of replanting back in the old days. We could look towards block 15 and see this wall of dirt coming at us. Yeah. One of the windstorms hit 90 miles an hour here. It blew down the drive-in screen in Pasco. It blew the side out of a block building. And we were in that tent. My husband said, load the kids up, we’re going to town. We’re not going to be here when it goes down—if it goes down, is what he said. So we loaded up the kids, drove to town, spent the whole day in town. As the day—as the sun started to set, the wind went down and we headed back </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">out </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">there and didn’t know if there would be anything left of everything we owned in the world because it was all in that tent. And it was still standing.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> But he had a pretty hefty crossbeam—is that what you call it, the main deal at the top? But he said it put a permanent bow in it, though. That wind against that canvas. So he took that thing down and put up a four-by-six by himself. How he did that, I don’t know. But he says, not going to have that happen again.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: And then we had just a few incidences of some of the things that happened out there. We had a winter that first winter when we still in the tent. My husband was doing land-leveling. He got this D7 Cat and he was out working for other people, leveling their ground. That day, it was a beautiful day, that day. When he got off the Cat, he started home, and for some reason he turned around, and he drained that Cat. Because there was no antifreeze. We didn’t have antifreeze in it. That night, it dropped to 19 below. I don’t know—we’ve never, ever had that happen again. Don stayed up all night. We had a wood stove in that tent, and we had an oil stove. He had both of them cranked up as high as they would go.</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> The ne</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">xt morning, he reached over, and we had packing cases for cupboards. He reached over for the coffee pot, and when he got it, it was all slushy, after he—and it wasn’t that far away from the stove. [LAUGHTER] And sagebrush—he was burning sagebrush in the wood stove. That puts out a hot fire. So decided it was time to move. And I was working at the Bureau then, so we were entitled to one of their Quonset huts down there.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: So we picked up and moved that day. And it was wonderful not to have a roof flapping in the breeze, and it had running water, and I had wall—baseboard heaters, and they paid the bill. You could be as warm and toasty as you wanted. So I was in seventh heaven. [LAUGHTER] We lived there until—well, then I got—while I was working there, I got pregnant with Curt. And the Bureau wrote us a little letter, saying, you have not proved up on your land. You had to put in 12 months out of 18 to establish residency. And said, if you don’t move back on your unit, you’ll forfeit it. We didn’t have a house, didn’t have anything. So went to town, and started tearing down—we called them Navy homes. I don’t know. Somebody said they were Victory homes or something. They had a lot of them in Pasco, they had a lot in Kennewick. He and his dad went in there and they tore—we got enough money from the bank to tear down a section of that housing, and used all the materials out of that for our house. When we moved in, </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">the eaves weren’t boxed in, the sub-floor was the roof, like, slats. So the dirt just settled between the slats. And we had no running water again, because we did</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">n’t </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">have a well. </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">And </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">I found a rattlesnake in my closet one day.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">my</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: [LAUGHTER] Came home from town, and I walked in to take off my blouse and hang it up in the closet. And I heard this noise, and I thought—out of the corner of my eye—I thought, there’s a snake. But it had curled up on top of a suitcase. We had no bathroom—we had an outhouse. Had no bathroom, and he found his way into our bedroom there, and the light—the sun was coming through the bedroom window, and he was sunning himself. He’d crawled up on this suitcase in an old army hat that Don had laying on top of the suitcase. And he was telling me, you’d better back off. I screamed, I said, there’s a rattlesnake in here! And Don says—he didn’t believe me, he thought I was having pipe dreams. He told everybody afterwards I made a new door out of the bedroom, which I did not. But anyway, he grabbed a weed fork and killed it. Believe me, we stepped out of bed gingerly for a while, thinking where you f</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ind one, you usually find two. But w</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">e could see where he’d come up through the—we had the sewer pipe laid for the bathroom that was not in. And the kids had been out there playing in the dirt with their trucks and stuff. He had a piece of tar paper thrown up against it and some dirt</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> that he’d</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> thrown up a</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">gainst it. Well, they’d knocked that</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> down an</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">d that</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> snake found that pipe, and he decided that was a nice cool place to be in. Yeah. We had quite a—in fact, we have a big rock bluff behind my farm</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> unit there to the east. And t</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">he people at the Bureau called that Rattlesnake Mountain. In the spring, they’d go out there, and when they’d come out of their dens they’d kill a lot of snakes. So we encountered rattlesnakes off and on quite a bit.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: We were pretty worried with our kids that they might get bitten. We actually went to town and got a kit—not the normal kind—it had a hypodermic needle or whatever. Whether I could have used it [LAUGHTER] I don’t know. We had to keep it in the refrigerator. But just in case, because we </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">were</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">a long ways</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> away from a doctor.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> But anyway, didn’t happen.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: That’s good.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>; Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And now how—when, roughly, was your house built?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, it was built in stages. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: When did it—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, right as Curt was born, which was 1957. ’57. </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And is that still the same—is that house still out there?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: It is. Only we’ve added on to it. You’d </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">never</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> know what part of it is built out of.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: It’s all bricked.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah. I have a fairly nice home. It’s nothing luxurious or anything, but it’s very comfortable. </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Franklin</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">: And you have roads out there now?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Oh</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">, yeah. [LAUGHTER] Yeah, w</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">e’d better have. But that was something, when you didn’t have any roads, I’ll tell you. They were putting them in, but they were just the bases. I remember one day, our neighbors across—that turned out to be our neighbors across the road on Holly Drive—we saw this truck with all of their stuff loaded on it pull in over there. We thought, wow, are we getting a neighbor here? But they pulled in and dropped off a bunch of stuff and then took off again. So we jumped in our car and we followed them to find out who they were, and were they </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">going</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> to be our neighbors, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">whatever. Because we were excited that we </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">had</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> another human being that was going to be that close to us. That was Johnsons. Were our neighbors for years and years. They both since have passed away. Don and I were probably eight to ten years younger than the majority of the people that settled out there, because they were World War II veterans, many of them. So we’re losing them one by one. </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah, most of them are—well, just lost one down the road here. He was 93, I guess. Year before last. He was</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> a bomber pilot in World War II. Flew 70-some-odd missions, and made it through.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: T</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">hat’s really incredible odds.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah. Yeah, it is. I did his eulogy at the church, and—those guys really—anyway, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">So working out at Hanford, you </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">would have been privy to—you would hav</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">e known what was produced there.</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Did you ever feel—how did you feel about making your living off the land so close to Hanford?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I never worried about it. Some people tried to prove, or think that they got thyroid cancer, whatever. But I—working in the monitoring, I knew they were monitoring the milk. They monitored</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> milk, anybody that</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> was dairying out there. Plus, they had instrumentation across the river. They were monitoring the river itself. However, you never knew what the figures were. I mean, I—yeah. But I really never worried about it. But maybe out of ignorance, in a sense. Not really, it’s not like, I guess, Chernobyl or something, where you had—although you had reactors out there. But a lot of them were not even active at that time, even. But there were a few, wasn’t there</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> the</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">—was it Fast Flux? I don’t know. I worked on that project, trying to save that Fast Flux Facility.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Really? So in the ‘80s, then?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah. Who was the commissioner? Yeah, I got involved in that. That was a travesty that they ever destroyed that, simply for the fact that medical isotopes—they had no idea what they could have engineered from that reactor that would have helped in the medical field. The dream was the guys that knew—he since has died, too. He moved to Portland. That if you had cancer, you’d go in, and you’d sit down, and they’d do, I guess, an injection. Sort of, probably, like chemo now, but in 15 minutes you’d be out of there. The possibility was there to make medical isotopes. If you know what medical isotopes are. I’m not a scientist, but because of the way the Fast Flux—it was one of a kind in the world, I think.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Mm-hmm. How did you become involved in the committee to save it?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I don’t remember who got me into that. [LAUGHTER] I don’t remember. Claude Oliver, for one, was active in that. Wanda Munn, who is still alive, and she’s still—yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah, I’ve—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I know Wanda and I talk to her </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">quite</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> often and she was very active in that.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah. She was very supportive.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I just went down to the office and did what I usually do, you know. Write thank-you letters for donations and filing and that kind of stuff. But I was very interested; I thought it was a very good project that our government—all the money that had been expended thrown down the toilet, to put it bluntly. I see in the paper they’re going to use one of the warehouses they built, though, to store the sludge or something. Did you see that?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I didn’t. I do know that our collection that we manage—the Department of Energy</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">’s</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Hanford Collection, wh</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ich is a historic collection of art</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ifacts and archives gathered on</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">site that document history, and that’s actually stored in one of the Fast Flux Facility warehouses.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Is it?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah. We’re moving everything out, but I go up there once or twice a we</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ek to do work on the collection, yes. It’s one of those warehouses that was built for Fast Flux.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I hadn’t read about storage of waste.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah, sludge or something. So they can—I don’t know—something ab</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">out the tanks, they can put </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span class="SpellingError SCX146332551">it</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> in there? Something that had been built for the Fast Flux reactor. So at least maybe something’s being—[LAUGHTER]—what should I say? Salvaged. But anyway.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span>Franklin</span></span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Um, what do you recall about living in the Cold War—during the Cold War era? Especially—was there any sense of danger </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">or even pride living so close at</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Hanford or working at Hanford, given its role in the US nuclear weap</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ons arsenal during the Cold War?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, all that was sort of over with when I was out there. No, it was a job, and it was money. [LAUGHTER] Better money than I could make anywhere else. And the people were gre</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">a</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">t to work with, and they were always interested in what we were doing out there. You know, you would have thought being of the scientific community and whatever—completely different ideas than being a farmer. But yo</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">u</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> know what? It’s interesting—there’s always a bit of farmer in everybody. Have you ever realized that? I mean, guys particularly.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Well, I grew up on a farm.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I know that’s what you said, but it seems like no matt</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">er what they’re line of work is</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> or whatever, there’s always this curiosity about farming and what to do and whatever. I used to have a lot of questions. They always treated me very well. I really hated to quit out there. Because I enjoyed the people. I enjoyed getting away from the farm, and the worries and the whatever. I could go to work and have a different scenario for the day, you know?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right, right. So when you were out there, you—all of the children were with your husband?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: No, I hired a babysitter. She had to come to the house, because I couldn’t get five kids up—I had to leave at like seven in the morning, something, to be to work. We started earlier than 8:00. What was it? I don’t know what time I had to leave, but she had to come to the house and get the kids dressed and whatever. </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Was that a—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Don was not a babysitter. [LAUGHTER] He had better things to do, you know. No, I had to hire someone to come in. And sometimes you wondered if—that’s when I finally decided that I needed to quit and come </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">home</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">, because there’s a fine line there about whether you’re really—how much are you contributing here, when you have to pay someone to look after your children, cost of getting to work, better clothing—had to dress better—you know, all these things you got to factor in. It was better when I di</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">d come home, because my husband—he liked conversation and people. So he sometimes got sid</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">etracked at</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> the neighbors</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">’</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> and stuff when I thought he should have been home doing some things. So when I finally came home for good, it was better. Things improved. [LAUGHTER] In my eyes, anyway.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> it was lonely out there if you were—he just liked, as all farmers do, they like to talk a lot. They still get together. We’ve had some restaurants up there at the corner, and that was the gathering place every morning, the coffee shop and all the </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span class="SpellingError SCX146332551">BSing</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> that goes on. They’ve come and gone. So now we have a small Mr. Quick’s up there, and some of them still meet up there. Yeah. Got to compare notes, you know.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Oh, yeah.</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: A lot of things to talk about, I’m sure.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yup.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: How—you mentioned, especially when you were growing some of the other crops, maybe not the hay, but like the corn and potatoes—how—did you rely on migrant labor at all? Or have you noticed--?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: We did in asparagus, but they really—the families we had I don’t think were migrant. They came from California every year. We furnished housing for them. When amnesty was declared, that’s when we tore out the asparagus. The next year, it was—well, they got better jobs, they stayed in California, they didn’t come back. The people we were getting were not—well, that’s when they also made the deal that if—before, you paid</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> by what they cut a day. </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">I guess you’d call it piecework. They could make good money. But then they said, okay, if they don’t cut enough to equal so much an hour—and I forget what the minimum wage was</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> or whatever it was—then you’ve got to pay them that. So you had to keep track of both things. Well, then you started getting people that would start at the top of the road, and they’d get to the bottom of the road, and then they’d sit down on their box or whatever they had down there and smoke a cigarette. They didn’t care if they made—yeah. They got paid so much no matter what. The caliber of people changed drastically. We got a crew leader or something out of Texas to bring us people, and that was not good. So we just decided to tear it out.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: That’s when you went to a more mechanized--?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, yeah. Just planted other crops. When we lost the sugar beet industry here, that was hard, because that was a very, very dependable cash crop. That hurt.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: What happened to the sugar beet industry?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, they decided to pull the factory at Moses Lake out of here. So we had no place to ship the sugar beets. </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">I think, took acres and stuff back to Idaho. So we lost our sugar beet industry here. </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Is there anything that I haven’t talked about that you’d like to talk about?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, I don’t know. I don’t know what it would be, except that I think at the end of my composition in that book that I gave you there on the block, I just said I was so grateful for the opportunity that we had here. I think this probably was the last—what do I want to say—the last land that was opened up for development, like the Columbia Basin, the last project. We raised five great kids. They learned how to work. I’m proud of all of them. I just felt, being a city girl, my mother-in-law particularly didn’t think I’d ever make it, but I did. [LAUGHTER] It was a great opportunity. A lot of people didn’t stay. There were a lot of women that—it was hard.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: It was hard out there. We had a couple of suicides. You’d get—yeah. I don’t know what else to tell you. </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Did your parents stay in Portland?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: My dad had died early in life. My mother, yes. I was an only child.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: She </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">lived in Portland, yes. And-</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">-</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: What did she—oh, sorry.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: That’s okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: What did she think about—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Oh. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: --</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">your</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> going out to homestead in—I’m sure</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> she</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> thought it was—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Not too much.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: --kind of the middle of nowhere.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Not too much.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Did she ever come out?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Oh, yes. </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Oh, yeah. She came up. She always came up whenever I had a baby and helped me. In some of the rougher years, so she knew what was actually happening. Of course, you know how you feel about your kids. You don’t like to see them—think that they’re being—what should I say—deprived. [LAUGHTER] And Don’s folks were very helpful. They—his dad came up and helped us many a time work on the house. She’d come up and do the cooking, since I was working. I’d come home to a meal, which was great. She made the best cinnamon rolls. My kids have never forgotten that.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: [LAUGHTER] Yeah, she—anyway. Yeah, they—we also were in sheep. I guess I forgot to say that. We </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">all </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">had a—I used to do the lambing.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Franklin</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">: Oh, wow.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah, we bought a bunch of old ewes, which was not the best idea. But that’s all—his dad and Don went together and bought this bunch of old ewes. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">so </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">we lambed—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">I think </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">we had lambs</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> for</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">—or we had sheep </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">for—what? I don’t know, maybe five, six years. We never were much of a livestock people. My husband, when he was young, his dad went to some auction or something, came home with some milk cows, and Don got the job of milking the cows. He says, I’m never having a milk cow, and we never did. [LAUGHTER] We had a guy actually delivering milk out to the farm, come to think of it. And he left a big supply everyday with the boys I had.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Wow, yeah, I bet.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I ended up with four boys and one daughter. My daughter’s a school teacher here in Kennewick. Has been for umpteen years. And Brett works at Battelle, my youngest. Curt and Clint and Chris—Chris is my oldest—they all are in the farming deal out there. </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: And Clint’s a local politician, right?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Oh, yes. Yeah. He thinks he has to try to make a difference. But anyway, it’s a rough go. But he’s determined—stubborn. [LAUGHTER] No, I admire him for his, I guess, bravery, because it is—you do have to be brave. You take a lot of flak, I’m going to tell you, and a lot of—after he loses, which he has, takes him a while to recover. It’s a rejection, is what it is.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Yeah. That’s understandable.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: And then he takes a bit to regroup, and turns around and comes back for another go at it. And I tell him, I said, I don’t understand you, Clint. [LAUGHTER] Anyway. </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Well, great, well, thank you so much, Alice.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: I probably talked your leg off.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Nope, my legs are still here.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Well, I don’t know what else I could</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> tell you.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Did anyone else have any questions?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Oh, I could—I guess I should have told you, I did a lot of tractor work. I was not just a housewife. I ran almost every piece of equipment, except I never ran the stacker or—but I drove tractor. Did cultivating. Never rode a—</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">I never </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ran a potato harvester, of course, but I worked on enough of them sorting potatoes. You know when you’re digging in the field? I’ve eaten a lot of dirt in my day. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">Tom Hungate</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">:</span> Did you ever notice a difference, was there a boys’ club that </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">you</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> kind of had to work through? Or was it just you were a good worker and s</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">o you were accepted as a worker on the farm?</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> Or there weren’t enough people even to judge you as a woman out there working on a farm?</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah. Most all the women out there—not every woman worked in the field, but the only one that I worried about judging me was my husband. [LAUGHTER] Which, sometimes—[LAUGHTER]—I would pull something that wasn’t—I mean</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> do something that wasn’t too good. We had a big windstorm one night, and I thought I had to go down—we did have wheel lines at the far end of our place, down in—well, it sloped down pretty readily there. And those wheel lines, if you don’t block them</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> will take off in the wind and tear them all up. So the guys headed</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> down there, and I thought I had to go down and help. Well, the first thing I did was run over the pipe that hooked into the main line. [LAUGHTER] I got told, why don’t you just go to the house? Because I hadn’t helped the situation any. [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Emma</span> Rice: Another thing</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> I was kind of thinking, did you </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">have anything else to add about being</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> kind of a working mom in the 1950s and ‘60s—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Rice</span>: --to watch ov</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">er your own</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> [INAUDIBLE]</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Well, funny you ask that question, because I have granddaughters now that are—well, I have two granddaughters that are CPAs. One just moved—she was working out here on the Project, and she just moved to South Carolina. And I look back on the days when I was working, and they never come again. You’ve los</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">t some of the years of your kid</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">’</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> life. As things happen, when they learn—when they walk, when they—first time they do something. And not being—and I remember I came home, and I was so tired. I gave my best at work</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> and there wasn’t a whole lot left over at the end of the day. And I know I was cranky. [LAUGHTER] And I just think sometimes—I’m sort of like my granddaughter, I kept wanting to—each time I got a promotion, it was—how do I want to put that? Not a feather in my cap, but made me feel worthy—more worthwhile, or whatever. </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">I enjoyed working, I admit that. But I just look back on it now as—I’m going to be 85—August. I think, was it really that important? And I wish, maybe, some of our younger generation had the benefit, maybe, of my years later on the road. That’s just my—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Rice</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: But I have thought about that a lot. Whether I would have done it any differently at the time, because we needed the money. But sometimes we get—we forget what’s most important in our life.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: I agree.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Rice</span>: Yeah, great.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: So </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">what we might do now is—we’ll maybe</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> have </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">you</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> kind of narrate some of these, some of the items you brought along.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: Where you go across it, when I was—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: But with these—this is hay we’ve laid down, and I thought </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">it</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> was quite—yeah, there. I thought it was sort of a neat view of how things look now, comp</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">ared to that other slide you’ve got there.</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Franklin</span>: Right. Yeah, no, that’s really—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Didier</span>: So I don’t know if you want me to </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">bring</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> in </span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551">that</span><span class="TextRun SCX146332551"> picture or not, so you—</span><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX146332551"> <p class="Paragraph SCX146332551"><span class="EOP SCX146332551"> </span></p> </div> Location The location of the interview Washington State University - Tri-Cities Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:10:43 Hanford Sites Any sites on the Hanford site mentioned in the interview 300 Area Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) Years in Tri-Cities Area Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site 1954-2016 Years on Hanford Site Years on the Hanford Site, if any. 1954-1960 Names Mentioned Any named mentioned (with any significance) from the local community. Didier, Clint Didier, Don Didier, Curt Didier, Chris Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Alice Didier Subject The topic of the resource Hanford Site (Wash.) Kennewick (Wash.) Pasco (Wash.) Eltopia (Wash.) Connell (Wash.) Agriculture Irrigation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 07/12/2016 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 2016-08-12: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.] Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection. Description An account of the resource An interview with Alice Didier conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by the Mission Support Alliance and the United States Department of Energy. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/collections/show/15">Alice Didier Oral History Metadata</a> 300 Area Connell (Wash.) Eltopia (Wash.) Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) Hanford (Wash.) Hanford Site (Wash.) Kennewick (Wash.) Pasco (Wash.) https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F1352a8f7f26ecbe0c8bf9497266200c7.jpg e03639954e2d625b7670383e01aa50a6 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fe089d768cfbc1580a325ba62d26a581a.mp4 1a5d0b226d8d91e261ba39aaba60fd79 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Franklin, Robert Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Boice, George Location The location of the interview Washington State University - Tri Cities Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>Tom Hungate: Okay.</p> <p>Robert Franklin: You ready, Tom?</p> <p>Hungate: Mm-hm.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. My name is Robert Franklin. I am conducting an oral history interview with George Boice on July 15^th, 2016. The interview is being conducted on the campus of Washington State University Tri-Cities. I will be talking with Mr. Boice about his experiences living in Richland. So why don’t we start at the beginning, that’s the best place. When and where were you born?</p> <p>George Boice: I was born in Ellensburg. A third generation native of the state of Washington. My father and my grandmother were born in Cle Elum.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, Wow.</p> <p>Boice: We came through this—the tribe came through this territory and crossed the White Bluffs ferry in 1885. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p>Boice: And went up to the Kittitas County area. And then we came back later. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: What year were you born?</p> <p>Boice: ’37.</p> <p>Franklin: ’37. Did your family work at all at the coal mine in Roslyn?</p> <p>Boice: Yes. [LAUGHTER] Short answers. My grandmother’s brother, Uncle Tony, was a mine rescue worker up there at Roslyn.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: You go up to Roslyn, that is interesting. Ever been there?</p> <p>Franklin: Yes, I have.</p> <p>Boice: 27 cemeteries. Just neater than all get out. [LAUGHTER] The different ethnic groups up there. They talk about one Fourth of July, the Italians were going to raise the Italian flag in the main street there. Some of the local citizens took a dim view of it. And some wagons were turned on their side and the Winchesters came out, and the sweet little old lady got out there and got everybody calmed down before the shooting started. [LAUGHTER] But the flag didn’t go up. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. So what brought your family down to the Hanford area?</p> <p>Boice: My—[LAUGHTER] When they started Hanford—Dad was a firefighter in Ellensburg, had been for a few years. And when they set up Hanford, the first thing they did for a fire department was pick up the retired fire chief out of Yakima. Well, he goes around to the local fire departments and starts hydrating citizens. [LAUGHTER] So, Dad came down here in ’43 as the ninth man hired at the Hanford Fire Department. Always claimed that half of them had been canned before he got there. [LAUGHTER] So he went to work in ’43—June of ’43 at Hanford. We were still there at Ellensburg, and we didn’t come down here ‘til summer of ’44.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, wow.</p> <p>Boice: And they were still moving prefabs in, and unloading them with rapid shape.</p> <p>Franklin: Did your father commute at this time, or did he live on—</p> <p>Boice: Uh-unh. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Where did he—do you know much about his living quarters or where he lived?</p> <p>Boice: Yeah, there were barracks.</p> <p>Franklin: So he lived in the barracks?</p> <p>Boice: Oh, yes.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. Did he come back to visit at all?</p> <p>Boice: Oh, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: Wasn’t but—hell, by the time you get up to the Hanford area, it’s just over the ridge. [LAUGHTER] So he’d come in every couple of weeks.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. How many siblings do you have?</p> <p>Boice: One of each—one brother, one sister.</p> <p>Franklin: Older, younger?</p> <p>Boice: Oh, yeah. My brother was born in Kadlec in September of ’45. My sister was—well, they bracket the war. She was born about a month before it started—or right after it started. She was born in December of ’41.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: And he was born September of ’45.</p> <p>Franklin: So can you talk a little more about your father’s job at Hanford? What did he—did he talk much about what he did, or—</p> <p>Boice: [LAUGHTER] Oh, yeah! You know. The place is building up, it’s trying to erupt. You’ve got construction going all directions. Trailer house fires. He talked about them [EMOTIONAL]—how quick people died in them damn trailer houses. They’d go up in a matter of seconds. And there were acres of them. But yeah, it was—And the amount of nothing to do. I mean, you had time to work and then there was really no recreational facilities. He worked at a grocery store for a while in his off hours stocking milk. He said it was not unusual to work a whole shift with a forklift or a handcart walking out of the stack and filling the same slot behind the counter there. We came over twice to visit him at Hanford.</p> <p>Franklin: Before you moved—</p> <p>Boice: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: --in ’44. Okay.</p> <p>Boice: You drive across the Vantage Bridge, and somebody had gone through with a grader and graded out a dirt-slash-gravel road. And we drove around and down, and across the Hanford ferry into Hanford. Because you could get into Hanford; it wasn’t restricted—the town. Everything else was. So getting in and out of Hanford was no trick. Getting out of the surrounding area was. So my mom and I and my grandfather went down there.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. And where did you stay? Did you just go for the day?</p> <p>Boice: Well, we didn’t—when I was there, we didn’t stay. We just went for the day and went home.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: But Mom talks about going down and staying overnight. [LAUGHTER] She says she was not warned. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Warned about what?</p> <p>Boice: To keep everything you wanted nailed down.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh.</p> <p>Boice: She got up in the morning and somebody stole her girdle. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. So when your family moved in summer of ’44, where did you move to?</p> <p>Boice: 17-1.</p> <p>Franklin: 17-1?</p> <p>Boice: That was the lot number and the house number. It is now 1033 Sanford.</p> <p>Franklin: Ah.</p> <p>Boice: It’s on the southwest corner of Sanford and Putnam.</p> <p>Franklin: Yup. I live right by there.</p> <p>Boice: We went in there and it was—they had—you can’t describe to people how they had come in there and just dozed the farmland over, staked out streets and planted houses. And hauled them in on trucks and set them down. We were fortunate—I didn’t realize how fortunate it was—in the fact that we had only come about 100 miles or so—we came in a truck. We had our stuff. Mom had her piano. And I can’t tell you how many times women would come up and bang on the door, can I play your piano?</p> <p>Franklin: Really?</p> <p>Boice: Strangers off the street. Just because it was there, and it was—so we had all kind of musical stuff. Everybody could play better than Mom could. But we had the piano.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p>Boice: And she had her houseplants. It was different. But there was no trees in Richland. There wasn’t three blades of grass! [LAUGHTER] You’d come in, you got a garden hose and a plastic nozzle. You hosed down your lot and it immediately became a slick, slimy mud pile. Great for kids to play in! Man, we could slide in that mud across there—it was really cool! And then when it dried up, why, it reticulated like a picture puzzle. So we’re picking chunks up and stacking them up and building houses. And Mom gets up and she’s just madder than a wet hen, so we had to put the lawn back together. [LAUGHTER] But the hose nozzles were so interesting, because when you had a plastic nozzle, but you couldn’t get anything else. There was a hardware store here, eventually, but they didn’t handle stuff like that. This was a war going on. And the ingenuity that went into lawn sprinklers would just boggle your mind! The cutest one I remember was some guy took a chunk of surgical tubing—he got a bent pipe for an uppensticker. And he stretched his hunk of surgical tubing over the end of it, turned the water on, and it was not efficiently watering his area, but he could flail water all over a half an acre! [LAUGHTER] That was one of the cuter ones. There was also no shade and no air conditioning.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Boice: Coming down in a moving truck, Dad brought his carpenter tools, he brought his bench, and he set to work building an air conditioner. Now, this was the dog-gonedest thing you ever saw. He got some burlap sacks and set out there with scrap lumber in the backyard on his workbench just creating shavings out of boards. Fill these burlap sacks with wood shavings for the pads for his air conditioner. He got a motor out of I-don’t-know-what. It was an appliance motor out of something. And he whittled out this propeller out of a two-by-four. And he cranked this thing up and it sounded like a B-29. [LAUGHTER] But it would blow sort of cool air, which raised the wrath of the neighbors. Number one was the racket he was making. Number two was we had air conditioning. So immediately, guys come out of the woodwork in all directions. Guy next door was a sheet metal worker. He came home with parts to make a much better, more efficient fan that was quieter. [LAUGHTER] So they set to work building him one. [LAUGHTER] We made air conditioners—you come up with a motor, and they would come up with an air conditioner. And we would deliver them on the back of my little red wagon. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Where would you put that? Like, would that just go in the window?</p> <p>Boice: We put it in a window.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay. And how would you attach it to the house?</p> <p>Boice: Ingeniously! Most often, they would just build a rack underneath, a shelf on top, and set it up on top there. A houses, you wanted to put your air conditioner—at least about everybody did—set it at the top of the stairs where it would blow out the upstairs and cool your downstairs. They were reasonably efficient. The one thing about all the homemade air conditioners—very few of them, if any, had a recirculating system. So you had to use fresh water. This had two sides to it. You didn’t crud up your water system with alkali by reusing your water. But you did have to go out there and keep moving your hose where it drained out to water your lawn.</p> <p>Franklin: [LAUGHTER] Wow. What kind of house did your family move into?</p> <p>Boice: Well, originally we had a three-bedroom prefab. Prefabs come in three sizes and five colors. And a bunch of very ingenious kids on Halloween 1944 went out and stole the damn street signs. The buses coming back off of swing shift had no earthly idea where they were going. They wandered around town, because all the houses looked alike! [LAUGHTER] Then after a while—oh, let’s see, we moved in in August, and about the following spring—because we started out school at Sacajawea and then at Christmas vacation they changed us to Marcus Whitman. But up there on Longfitt, thereabouts, I was coming home from school and here sits the roof of a prefab right out in the middle of the street. Apparently, this guy was sleeping and a windstorm come along and picked up his whole roof and set it out in the middle of the street. Thereafter they had a crew of carpenters going around fastening the rooves of the prefabs down a little tighter.</p> <p>Franklin: Because at that time, right, they had flat rooves.</p> <p>Boice: Flat rooves.</p> <p>Franklin: Correct? That kind of overhung a bit, something that the wind could really easily—</p> <p>Boice: Oh, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: --grab ahold and pop off. Do you remember when they got the gabled rooves that they all have now?</p> <p>Boice: No, I don’t, because I was—I think after we left, but I wouldn’t bet heavy money on it. We moved off the prefab in ’45.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: And into an A house on Swift. I don’t recall when they put the gabled rooves on.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. So what did your mom do? Did she work at Hanford at all?</p> <p>Boice: No.</p> <p>Franklin: No?</p> <p>Boice: She was a stay-at-home mom.</p> <p>Franklin: Stay-at-home mom?</p> <p>Boice: It was such an interesting place. The buses ran every 30 minutes. No charge, just go out and get on the bus. One of my main jobs was—because there was no mail delivery, everybody in Richland got their mail general delivery. So I’d take the bus, go downtown, get off at the post office, check the mail, go down to the grocery store—and there was only one—that was a brief period, but then there was only one grocery store at that time. And that’s where that ski rental shop is—kayak rental shop on the corner of Lee and GW?</p> <p>Franklin: Mm-hmm.</p> <p>Boice: That was the grocery store. The one and only. Shortly thereafter, Safeway opened up on the corner of—southwest corner of Lee and Jadwin. So things picked up. And then there was—they come up with the community center grocery store—whatever you want to call them. There was one at Thayer and Williams, which was the Groceteria. Garmo’s was out there on Stevens and Jadwin—no, Symons and something-or-other. The south end of town was—oh, nuts. He was the one that survived—Campbell’s. Campbell’s grocery store. He specialized in fresh fruit and stuff, and of the whole pile of them, he was the one that really come out of it in good shape. But the fourth one is now the school office, up there by Marcus Whitman. That was a grocery store.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: But you go down, you do your post office work, and then you go and get your groceries, and if you’re lucky you get ten cents. Next bus home. You know where the Knights of Columbus Hall is out on the bypass?</p> <p>Franklin: Mm-hmm.</p> <p>Boice: That used to be—originally that was the Richland post office.</p> <p>Franklin: Mm-hmm.</p> <p>Boice: It’s up there at Knight and GW, I think. There wasn’t a whole bunch of shopping centers. The Richland Theater was in existence. The drug store next door to it was there. After a while, the big brown building, which was everything, at that time, when it opened up it was CC Anderson’s. Then there was the dime store, and, oh, we were hot and heavy then. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Can you tell me a little more about your dad’s job? What would a typical day or a typical week look like for someone who worked on the fire department?</p> <p>Boice: On the fire department, there is no such thing as typical. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah.</p> <p>Boice: It was wild. In the beginning, they opened up—they were on shifts. Like everything was on day shifts, swing shift, graveyard. In our neighborhood, after my brother was born, we moved down to Swift and McPherson. Dad had come into town by that time. If you go behind the Richland Theater, you look real close, there’s two B houses back there. One of them’s a real B house and the other one ain’t. You look at the B houses over here, and the other one that ain’t is over here. And you look real close at the driveways. That was the original fire station that the City of Richland had going. That was the fire station when Hanford came in. Then they built a fire station on Jadwin in conjunction with the housing building and a couple other things, right across from the 700 Area, which is what they wanted, was coverage on that 700 Area. So that was the downtown fire station. And when they opened that up, why, then Dad came up out of Hanford.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: He wasn’t too long there, and they opened one up Williams off of Thayer, in behind the Groceteria and a little service station up there with a small satellite fire station. Two trucks and one crew. Dad was there for years and years and years.</p> <p>Franklin: How long did your dad work for Hanford or the government here?</p> <p>Boice: Like I say, he came in in ’43 and retired in the early ‘70s.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p>Boice: Rode her right on through.</p> <p>Franklin: So what did he do when the community transitioned in ’58?</p> <p>Boice: They bought him!</p> <p>Franklin: The City of Richland did?</p> <p>Boice: Yup, the City of Richland bought the outstanding time and he rolled right over.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p>Boice: [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: So can you talk a little bit more about growing up here? You said you went to Marcus Whitman and then to—and then what other schools did you go to?</p> <p>Boice: Well, like I say, there was no shade.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Boice: And very few radio stations. With a good shot you could get in Yakima, Spokane, and Walla Walla, and that was about it. So we sat around in the shade, and my mother read us stories. [LAUGHTER] One of them was a book we picked up in Walla Walla about Sacajawea. She read us the entire story of Sacajawea and the Shoshones and the Lewis and Clark Expedition, et cetera, et cetera. And in ’44, they opened up Sacajawea School. Now, as everybody does, they did their darnedest to convert us kids to saying Sah-CAH-jah-wee-ah. It didn’t take. [LAUGHTER] Because there was already Sacajawea State Park and everybody was using the term Sacajawea. But Sah-CAH-jah-wee-ah—they tried. They gave it their level best. It didn’t take. But the time that they were doing this, Miss Jesson was a teacher there was giving us the thumbnail sketch about Sacajawea. She did a pretty good job—well, you know, she told you what she knew. And she made mention of the fact that she was married to a trapper, but they didn’t know what his name or anything about him. I says, his name was Toussaint Charbonneau. He got her off a wolf man of the minute carriage for a white buffalo robe. My status went up. [LAUGHTER] And the teachers wanted to know where in the cat hair I learned that. Well, Mom read us the book. But I’ve always liked Sacajawea School. Just kind of a kinship. We went—in ’45, they opened up Marcus Whitman. We went there ’45 was all, because when they broke for the summer, we were over by—we moved. By the next fall we were over in the area where I could go to Sacajawea again. But we were going to Marcus Whitman when Roosevelt was shot—died. So that was the event of the time. You watched the transition of one President to another. The flag ceremony—the whole thing—it was interesting for a kid.</p> <p>Franklin: I bet. What do you remember about during the war years that kind of focus on secrecy and security? How did that affect your life and your family’s life?</p> <p>Boice: You didn’t talk to nobody about nothing! [LAUGHTER] I mean, that was just the words. You didn’t talk about—if somebody asks you what your dad does, you talk about something else. It was so interesting here in the last year, I think—time goes quicker now. A whole bunch of us from that neighborhood on Swift went to a funeral—this boy’s mother—well, yeah—Bill’s mother’s 100^th birthday, after the funeral they had a sit-down dinner. I happened to sit down at the table with the whole kids of the old neighborhood. And we’re talking about all this stuff, and the secrecy, and the ones you watch out for—this girl over here. Yeah. She didn’t share the secrets with the neighbors when they were talking about who’s got butter on sale. They didn’t tell her anymore. She fried her food in butter. So no one would tell her where the butter sales were when it was available. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Was there any mention of the work going on at Hanford at school that you can remember?</p> <p>Boice: The one thing of what was going on, and it wasn’t the work at Hanford, because nobody talked about that. But when the Japs were sending over the firebombs—</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, the balloon bombs.</p> <p>Boice: Yes. We were told to write no letters, tell nobody, because they didn’t want it to get out how blinking effective they were.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. The fear of these bombs from the sky—</p> <p>Boice: They were hitting, and they were working.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah.</p> <p>Boice: You guys are in the right position to find out. But there was a rumor going around that a balloon-loaded Jap had landed out there in the area and they caught him and bundled him up and carted him off before they did any business. Okay, la-di-da-di-da. There’s rumors about one thing and another. And four or five years ago, CNN or one of these, they were talking about the weather balloons. They showed the colored pictures taken out here at Hanford of the balloons landing in the BPA lines and burning up. [LAUGHTER] End of speech, end of story. [LAUGHTER] But I was surprised to find out that something had happened. There was no soldiers attached or anything else, but there was an incident.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, we’ve—there are a couple confirmed reports of—we actually did an oral history with a gentleman whose father had been a patrolman and had seen one of the balloons land and had to chase it down and didn’t realize right away that it was—had explosives attached to it. The others—there’s a couple reports of them touching down onsite. And there was a family that was killed in Idaho where they were picnicking and a balloon came down.</p> <p>Boice: Idaho or Oregon?</p> <p>Franklin: I think it was—oh, that’s right, maybe it was Oregon.</p> <p>Boice: K Falls.</p> <p>Franklin: Yes.</p> <p>Boice: You go to the museum in Klamath Falls had the—or when I went through it—I was working down there twenty years ago or so—they had a big display of the family that was picnicking and the kids went to prod on it, and it went off and killed a girl.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah. Were there—when you were—so we’re still in the World War II era and we’ll definitely get to the Cold War in a bit—but were there any kind of—what do you remember about like emergency procedures in school? Was there anything special, kind of drills or something during World War II?</p> <p>Boice: You mean the duck-and-cover?</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, that kind of stuff. Was there any duck-and-cover during World War II?</p> <p>Boice: Oh, yeah, oh, yeah. Of course—my kindergarten days—now, man. Lived across the street from the college there at Ellensburg, and firebombs were to be worried about. But I was covered. I had a bucket full of sand and a shovel, and it was there on the front porch. When the firebomb came through there, I was going to put my sand on it. So we were prepared. God help us if it landed any place else. [LAUGHTER] But the beginning of the war when I was a kid in Ellensburg was so funny, because we were living right across the street from the college and everything was just the standard college. And the war started, and immediately, there’s all these people running around here that can’t count. Hup, two, three, four. Hup, two, three, four. I wasn’t even in kindergarten, and I knew about my ones! [LAUGHTER] And there was—you go across the street and around the corner, and there was this one half basement room where I could stand there and watch the guys play shirts-and-skins basketball. And the next time I looked, here’s a skeleton of a single engine aircraft, and a guy instructing people on how to make dead stick landing. Now, of all the damned things for a four-year-old kid to remember, dead stick landings was what he was talking about. And they had this thing skeletonized where they could show the internal workings of all the aeronautics.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p>Boice: But in Richland—oh, yes. Duck-and-cover fire drills. But they never talked about nuclear, because it was yet to be discovered. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Right, right. So Ellensburg then quickly became inundated with—the state college there became a training area?</p> <p>Boice: Oh, yeah. Just that fast.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. In your notes here, I also see you mentioned about the heavy military presence and the olive drab everywhere and the cops in Army uniforms.</p> <p>Boice: [LAUGHTER] It absolutely was. Richland was strictly OD. I think they only had one bucket of paint. But all the vehicles were olive drab. The buses were, on today’s standards, I’ll call them a three-quarter size school bus painted olive drab. The vehicles were anything they could scrounge up, because I remember two GIs in a ’37 Chev coupe, and I know today some farmer had taken the trunk out and made a pickup box out of it. But they scrounged this thing up someplace, painted it OD, and here’s the MPs running around in a ’37 Chev pickup. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: [LAUGHTER] A homemade pickup?</p> <p>Boice: Yeah. It was years later that I found out—Dad didn’t say anything about it, and he certainly knew—that it was simple, because the war was going on. Everything was prioritized. But they had unlimited supply of uniforms. So they put the cops in soldiers’ uniforms; the firemen were in Navy uniforms. The firemen stood out and were very easily recognizable, but you couldn’t tell the soldiers and the cops apart, because they all had the same stuff on. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. A couple oral histories we’ve done with people that were children in Richland, a couple of them mentioned their fathers had taken them onsite somewhat clandestinely. Did your father ever take you onsite into a secured area?</p> <p>Boice: No.</p> <p>Franklin: Did you ever get access to any of that some way?</p> <p>Boice: No, I did not go to any secured area.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: I was raised running in and out of fire stations. To this day, when I go through the door of a fire station, my hands go into my pockets. You’re allowed to touch nothing. Because you leave fingerprints. [LAUGHTER] It’s just a genuine reflex.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah! So you said that you went to Sacajawea, then to Marcus Whitman then back to Sacajawea. Then where did you go to high school?</p> <p>Boice: We went through all of the—I’ll call it the school construction. They couldn’t build schools fast enough in Richland.</p> <p>Franklin: I bet.</p> <p>Boice: We had double shifts. Now they have these temporary quarters—whatever you call them. But we had hutments. Sacajawea had six hutments out there. They built the hutments, and then they went to double shifts. So you went to school at 8:00, and at noon they marched out, teacher and all, and our class marched in, and we went home at 4:30 or 5:00, something like that. So we went through all of that, and then in ’49, they opened Carmichael. A brand new junior high school, man, this is cool! And I was in the seventh grade in Carmichael and I are still the proud possessor of ASB cord 001, 1949, Carmichael Junior High School. The first one they ever gave out. [LAUGHTER] And that was neat, to have a real hard-built school. It was—oh, we had class. After three months, we moved to Kennewick. The Kennewick school system—</p> <p>Franklin: Your family did, or--?</p> <p>Boice: Yeah!</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p>Boice: Dad stayed in Richland, but they were selling off. And if you didn’t have priority, the houses went to the guy that was there first. And in that A house, we were in second, so we were not in line to buy the house.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Boice: So, Dad got a piece of property in Kennewick and we moved to Kennewick. And what a school system mess.</p> <p>Franklin: Why?</p> <p>Boice: They were behind. They couldn’t get money quick enough. They couldn’t build stuff fast enough. They had the red brick building—forget what it was called. It had been a high school at one time, and they pressed it back into service. It was so overcrowded you couldn’t believe it. But they finally built the high school that’s there now. It opened in ’52, I believe. ’51—yeah, class of ’52 was the first one to graduate—’52 or ’53. Graduated from Erwin S. Black Senior High School. And it was Erwin S. Black Senior High School one year. Because he was the school superintendent, and they built the school—they named the school in his honor because he had gone to bat and made trips back and forth to Washington, DC to cash some money to use for the school system. Then they got in a shooting match with the <em>Tri-City Herald</em>. [LAUGHTER] And Erwin S. Black and the schoolboard got run out of town, and they chiseled his name off the front of the school. But for one year it was E.S. Black.</p> <p>Franklin: And then it just became Kennewick High School.</p> <p>Boice: It became Kennewick High School.</p> <p>Franklin: Can you talk a little bit more about this disagreement between Erwin S. Black and the schoolboard and the <em>Tri-City Herald</em>?</p> <p>Boice: It was several things. One of them, there was a book—and I can’t recall—Magruder? McGregor? Somebody. It was a history book, and it mentioned communism. And that was brought up and made a big deal. This was back in the McCarthy era.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Boice: That was brought out. And there was a lot of talk—Black was a certified building inspector, and he inspected the construction of the high school. It was said by a lot of people that it wasn’t up to standards; that the concrete wasn’t what it should have been. And I don’t know what the specs were. I wasn’t into concrete work at that time. I have been later. But I know when we were hanging the benches in the ag shop, where you would put a concrete anchor in the wall ordinarily and it would hold, they didn’t there. And they had to through-bolt through the wall to get to things to hang. So there was—and transfer of equipment and stuff—this was swapped for that, and that was swapped for this—and I don’t remember that, and the only guy I know that did know has died. [LAUGHTER] But one of the kids that graduated from Erwin S. Black, one of the few that was in that class, worked with him off and on and was aware of what went on.</p> <p>Franklin: When you said that there was a book that mentioned communism, did it mention it in a favorable light, or did it just make a mention to communism?</p> <p>Boice: More or less, it just made a mention.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: I was on the—oh, we had the open house at the school, and I was one of the tour guides. Yeah, I showed them the book and what it had to say. And I don’t recall anything drastic.</p> <p>Franklin: So then did you graduate from Kennewick High School?</p> <p>Boice: No. [LAUGHTER] The military had a hell of a sale. Anybody that enlisted by the first of February got the Korean GI Bill of Rights. And those that enlisted afterwards didn’t. So I drug up in January and joined the Air Force.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh. Without graduating.</p> <p>Boice: Without graduating.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. Interesting.</p> <p>Boice: So I served my illustrious military career in a photo lab in Mountain Home, Idaho. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: And how long were you in the Air Force?</p> <p>Boice: Two years.</p> <p>Franklin: Two years, and then you were discharged?</p> <p>Boice: Yes, yup, yup.</p> <p>Franklin: When you were in school, you mentioned being in school during this McCarthy era, one of the real hot points of the Cold War. Can you talk a little bit about the civil defense procedures and kind of the general feeling of that time as it related to—because I imagine with Hanford so close, and now knowing what was being produced there, that would have been a likely target. It’s a major part of the nuclear weapons stockpile. So can you talk a little bit about that time and just the general feeling?</p> <p>Boice: Well, you knew what was going to happen—or what they said was gonna happen. It was the duck-and-cover thing. And we had drills. A lot of what they said what was gonna happen—now they talk about getting into water to modulate it. Then, it was one of the things that they didn’t want you to do. Because we had the irrigation ditch that was running right alongside of the schools. But then they didn’t want you to get into it. So, it’s changed. They had the civil defense procedures—Radiant Cleaners, they’re in Kennewick. They had panel delivery cleaner trucks. They were rigged for emergency ambulances. They had fold-down bunks in them; they could handle four people. [LAUGHTER] It was taken serious.</p> <p>Franklin: Did you feel any particular sense of worry, or did it not seem to really affect you, your daily life or your psychological—</p> <p>Boice: It never bothered me ‘til years afterwards. When they talked about the Green Run, where they turned a bunch of that stuff loose, just to see what it would do to the citizens and count the drift on it. The people that had—the down-winders, and the people that had the thyroid problems. My sister was one of the first rounds that went to court over that.</p> <p>Franklin: Really?</p> <p>Boice: Because she was—we moved into Richland. She had her third birthday in the prefab, when they were still practicing how to build this stuff. And then we moved in on a farm where the alfalfa grew, the cow ate it, gave them milk, and everything was recycled and nothing went over the fence. And so it bothered me, then, that they used us as guinea pigs. But the other hand, they really didn’t know what in the cat hair that they were doing in a lot of cases. The nuclear waste? You’ve heard about the radioactive rabbit turds.</p> <p>Franklin: I have.</p> <p>Boice: You have?</p> <p>Franklin: Yes, I have, but why don’t you mention that?</p> <p>Boice: I was working with Vitro out here—’72, I think it was. The radioactivity, of course, is settled on the sagebrush. And the rabbits went around eating the leaves, just leaving fat, dumb and happy, and concentrating everything into the rabbit turds. And they were contemplating taking the top six inches of about two or three sections and burying it. Only they couldn’t decide where they had to build the hole. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: When you—you mentioned just a minute ago that you were on a farm, and you had the cows that would have eaten the tainted alfalfa—was your milk ever tested? Or did anyone ever come and--</p> <p>Boice: Nah. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: test your—Were you ever tested for—or your family, anybody in your family, ever tested for radiation? Because I know that they, at one point, had those Whole Body Counters that they would test—some children in Pasco were tested through those machines?</p> <p>Boice: You ever been through a Whole Body Counter?</p> <p>Franklin: I have not been through a Whole Body Counter.</p> <p>Boice: Depending on where you’re at, there may or may not be a—they’re kind of a joke. Now, when I was working here at Vitro, we went through the Whole Body thing, and they were serious. I mean, before we got cleared out, we went through the chamber, and we were counted. I went to work in South Carolina. They—as far as I was concerned—were very sloppy with their radiation handling and their checking and their radiation monitoring. We had a hand-and-foot monitoring station where we was going in and out of. You stick your hands in and they check it, and your feet were there at the same time. Well, this one time, I come up pretty hot, so I found an RM. I says, that machine gave me a bad reading. Oh, he says, that machine’s no good anyway. Come around to this other one over here and we’ll check you out. Well, if the blinking thing’s no good, why in the cat hair are we using it?! [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: So, just a second ago, you mentioned you were working for Vitro?</p> <p>Boice: Uh-huh.</p> <p>Franklin: What is or was Vitro?</p> <p>Boice: What was Vitro? Okay. Vitro Engineering—and I don’t know how many times the name changed hands. But these guys were the ones that laid out the City of Richland—laid out the Hanford Projects. These were the strictly insiders. There was pictures on a wall of my grade school buddy’s dad, who I remember being a surveyor in Richland there. And these guys—this has gone on forever, and they were a pretty dug-in organization. To the point that they were not really aware that there was a world outside the fence. They’d heard about it, but they weren’t too sure it existed. [LAUGHTER] But I ended up at Vitro, and we did the Tank Farms that they’re having problems with, the hot tanks? We were in on the modification of that farm. We surveyed in there quite a bit. Whenever they show the pictures on TV, they always show you the evaporation facility. They show you that same picture. Warren Wolfe and I—I say Warren and I—it’s a little—our crew brought that up out of the ground, and we modified the tank farm, and we laid out the construction on that building from the ground right through the top.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: And I was very fortunate, because all my surveying experience to that point was with the railroads and pipelines and longline work. Construction surveying was new to me. And I got throwed in with an old boy that was good at it. [LAUGHTER] And I learned a bunch working with him. And rolled right over, later on, into Hanford, too. We got in on the end of that—[LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Hanford II?</p> <p>Boice: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, as--T-O-O. And which building was this that you and Warren Wolfe and your crew built?</p> <p>Boice: All I remember is the evaporation facility.</p> <p>Franklin: What was your specific job at Vitro? Were you a surveyor?</p> <p>Boice: I was a surveyor. I was an instrument man. You get in the hot zones—we got inside the Canyon Building on several different occasions. And you got suited up, and I was instructed very specifically and emphatically to touch nothing, because anything that got crapped up, they kept. And we couldn’t get the instruments crapped up. But that stuff was so hot that the paper—the Rite-in-the-Rain books have got a specific paper there that has pitch in it or something—it attracts radioactivity like a sponge. And when they kept the notes, then one of us would stay inside and the other guy would get out in the clean zone, and we’d have to transcribe all the notes, because that book was so hot that they wouldn’t let it out of the area. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p>Boice: There was some weird stuff going on.</p> <p>Franklin: Any other—</p> <p>Boice: Yeah, but there’s some I ain’t gonna talk about. [LAUGHTER] Okay. We came so close to having a nuclear disaster, it wasn’t even funny. We were good. We were awful good. And we were fast. And we were set up out there on an offset, and Rosie the labor foreman come over. Somebody said you needed a shot here for a hole for a penetration into the tank. Man, we whipped that out and figured the pull and what it was gonna take. Swung over there, put a distance and an angle, drove the stake in the ground. I figured that Warren checked it, and away we went. We come back in a week or so, or a few days later, we were back in that same farm. And Rosie comes over there and he says, would you guys check that again? Because these guys was digging a hole there and they’re supposed to hit a tank. And we checked it. And I lied, and Warren swore to it. [LAUGHTER] We forgot we was on a ten-foot offset. So they’re digging clear to one side of this tank, and just good solid dirt. Had we been just half as screwed-up as we were, they would have gone right down the edge of that tank with a core drill. And we’d have had ooey-gooeys all over the place. They talked to us. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Kind of a happy accident, right?</p> <p>Boice: Yeah, we were—I’ll never forget Warren’s work. He’d come back with the boss and he says, name me one guy in this world ever got through this life being perfect. He says, always pissed me off, he’s a damned carpenter. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: So you went to—you joined the Air Force, you went to Idaho for two years. When you came back—or what did you do after that? Did you come back to Richland after?</p> <p>Boice: We were living in Kennewick.</p> <p>Franklin: Living in Kennewick.</p> <p>Boice: And I was working at the Washington Hardware Store. And this kid—we were working on cars in my buddy’s garage. And this guy comes through and he’s surveying for the Corps. And he talked that they were setting up a photogrammetry section. Well, heck, that’s what I was doing in the service. So, I beat feet over to Walla Walla to sign up to lay out photo mosaics. And they say, we haven’t got enough work for fulltime at that job. Are you a draftsman? No, I are not a draftsman. He says, would you take a job surveying? You bet. I became a surveyor. [LAUGHTER] And we worked from the mouth of the Deschutes River to Lewiston, Idaho. The first thing was the mouth of the Deschutes to McNary Dam—we mapped from the water level to the top of the bluffs by hand.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p>Boice: And then we went through, starting in ’58, and we inventoried the railroad. Now, when you inventory a railroad, we inventoried a railroad. Everything they possessed was put down. First, you go through and you measure and put stations—mark station markings on the rails. 80 miles of them. Then you go back and you reference everything the railroad’s got. Ties, spikes, tie plates, rails, joints, joint bars—if the fence moves, how far did it move, from what to what? If the rail changes, if there’s an isolation joint in there, you put that in. When you come to a switch, you measure everything that’s in the switch facility. You go—everything that that railroad has got. You become very, very familiar with railroads. [LAUGHTER] And then we went ahead, and we built railroads clear up to Lewistown. We handled a railroad layout real heavy. When they—are you familiar with the Marmes men?</p> <p>Franklin: Yes.</p> <p>Boice: Luck of the draw, I was on that. Because we were the—call it the resident survey crew in that area.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh.</p> <p>Boice: And we were babysitting construction. Make sure they got sticks out ahead of them, make sure that things are checked out behind them. They’re putting in a detour, why, check that out. They’re building a bridge, make sure it’s set up right, and check it out when they get done. So, first they call up and they say, there’s a guy down here at the mouth of the Palouse River thinks he hit something, and he wants an elevation on this cave, see where the water’s gonna come when they raise the water behind Lower Monumental, I believe.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, I think that sounds right.</p> <p>Boice: Is that the dam? So we went down there and run him in an elevation, painted it on the cave face. Happily on our way. Well, they hit pay dirt. [LAUGHTER] They dug up bones. So we were called back. They wanted—because the drillers were in there then doing sub-cell drilling of what’s down there. So we got to come in there and locate their holes so they know where what is. That was interesting. The whole thing. Now that the world has got into this Ice Age floods and stuff, I wish so heavily that I knew then what I know now. Because the layers that they went through were very definitely visible. This thing had been covered in various floods. But it was so interesting, the stuff that they found. Because it became an international incident. One of the coolest cats in the whole joint was Pono the Greek. And Pono run the sluice box. He had been all over the world. When the girls dug everything out, then they took the dirt to Pono, and he washed it down. Pono found thread of somebody’s sewing. Then they found the needle. And that to me was so cool. They had this needle that looked for all the world like a darning needle. How in the blazes they cut that eye in there! This was a really heads-up organization. [LAUGHTER] Interesting. Very interesting.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, that was a very significant archaeological find.</p> <p>Boice: I’ve got to go back some day and talk to that doctor. At an anniversary of something, we’re down here at Columbia Park, and he was talking and I showed up there with the historical society doing something-or-other. And I talked to him for about five minutes. He mentioned the fact that he wanted to see the guy that painted that elevation. I said, well, you’re looking at him. [LAUGHTER] It was—I got to go talk to him. Because one of the things in their report—they talked that the ditch was dug with a Cat. Now, I ain’t saying they’re wrong, because I didn’t see any digging when I was there. But just—as you’re going up and looking at a hole, and in those days we had looked at a bunch of holes—we were inspectors. They were going behind the soils guys. And it just to me had all the appearance of somebody that dug a ditch with a dragline. And I always figured it was a dragline in there, and somebody said it was a Cat. I don’t totally agree with him. But the bones were so interesting. They said that the one thing about the site was there had been somebody living on it forever. Just, the further down you went, the more primitive they became, ‘til you got past the layer of the Mazama ash, when Crater Lake blew its top. And they went past Mazama ash and suddenly things looked pretty sophisticated. That’s where the needle came from and a few other things. It was neat. I’d have liked to spend more time with them.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah. I’m sure you heard about the dam failing and the site flooding after they—because they created the protective dam around the shelter, and that failed and let water in.</p> <p>Boice: It didn’t fail! The SOB was never built to hold! When they brought us down there to check these drill holes out, the drillers—we had other stuff to do that morning, and we didn’t get down there until 10:00. The driller had a half-a-dozen holes in. I’m talking to this old driller, and he says, they ain’t never gonna keep water out of that thing, because there’s a layer of palm wood down there and it’s gonna leak like a sieve. But they did it anyway. And we’re down there checking on settlement pins and a whole bunch of other stuff when the water’s coming up. But we’re all on the radio, and it’s like a big one-party line—you can hear what’s going on no matter where. And they’re putting in pumps, and the more pumps they put in, the more water they sprayed out, but noting changed. [LAUGHTER] So it’s a lovely fishing pond. But interesting: it was shortly thereafter that I quit the corps and went to Alaska. Within a year-and-a-half, two years, I’m up there doing the same thing, only instead of spotting holes in the ground, we’re spotting oil wells. And sitting in a warm-up shack, talking to a driller, and he made mention of the fact that they had spudded oil wells. Now, when they spud an oil well, they get in there with an oversized auger, like you’re setting telephone poles. And they go down there through the mud and the blood and the crud ‘til they get to solid rock. And then they bring in the drills. And he says, we have yet to spud a well here that we didn’t get palm wood. And that has always sat with me. Now, when they’re talking about global warming—if there has been palm trees growing at the mouth of the Palouse River, and palm trees growing at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, it’s been a lot warmer than people are willing to talk about. [LAUGHTER] Just boggles my mind that there is palm wood in Alaska as well as Marmes Rockshelter.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow, that’s really interesting. So you were—Marmes, then Alaska. When did you come to work for Vitro at Hanford?</p> <p>Boice: That was a pretty short season. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: At Hanford, or in Alaska?</p> <p>Boice: At Vitro. Oh, at Alaska I worked for various contractors. But Vitro—we didn’t philosophically match. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Ah.</p> <p>Boice: Their minds were all inside the fence. And I’m too antagonistic. [LAUGHTER] If we had a problem—thou shalt not speak bad of Vitro. And we’re laying out penetrations on top of a tank. And they’re all done. Radius and angle—which radius is—and they had them at different stages there, and other people had been doing them. And this tank had been there for quite a—not quite a while, but every once in a while someone would come in and set some more holes, set some more holes. Well, they didn’t continue their circle around—nobody closed the circle. So by the time we get there ‘til the end, we have to figure out by adding up each and every hole all the way around the circle at every different radius to get the dimensions to where we’re at. Where if the guy had closed out his circle, you could have backed him out and been out of there in about a tenth the time. So I happened to make the statement, I said, Vitro drafting strikes again. And I was a marked man. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: How long in total, then, did you work out on the Hanford site?</p> <p>Boice: Well, in ’56-’57, or ’57-’58, they were doing a lot of military work out there. And we did the roads up Rattlesnake—was in on that. The road up Saddle Mountain. A lot of RADAR sites. You’re aware of the Nike sites on—</p> <p>Franklin: Yup.</p> <p>Boice: --the north side of the river over there?</p> <p>Franklin: Yup.</p> <p>Boice: Been there, done that. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: So—that wasn’t for Vitro, was that when you were with—</p> <p>Boice: That was the Corps.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: And we also did a lot of work up at Moses Lake.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: All the runway extensions up there, we were in on. They throwed us in the clink. They did not like our very presence.</p> <p>Franklin: Why?</p> <p>Boice: Apparently Moses Lake had two different structures. There was the Strategic Air Command structure up there, and there was the Military Air Transport Service. I didn’t know the difference. Les was—we were doing some mapping work. And the three of us were just gonna run some levels out to the next site we were gonna work at. And we took off the BM—benchmark—at the control tower. And we get about two turns out across the flight line there. And a bunch of guys come out, like a changing of the guard or something. Two or three of them stopped to talk to Kirby and George. The other five come out along, and they walked, just formed a circle around me, and they wanted to know if I wanted to go with them. They had submachine guns and a whole bunch of other stuff, and I said, heck, there’s nothing I’d rather do! [LAUGHTER] So they called up Walla Walla and they verified our existence. Then we had to go through security and get badges to—and we’d been working on that thing off-and-on for months. But we just hadn’t stepped in the right zone.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, wow.</p> <p>Boice: [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: They were just kind of waiting for you, then, to—</p> <p>Boice: Just different—different bunch of stuff.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. When you were in school in Kennewick, so after the—or even just after the word was out about the Hanford site, after August 6^th, 1945, when you were in school, did they teach anything about Hanford history? Was it—</p> <p>Boice: Go back to August 6^th.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: What a day. [EMOTIONAL] What a wonderful day! I’d been down at the Village Theater—now the Richland Theater. I don’t even remember what was playing. But we came out, [EMOTIONAL] and the bells were ringing. The church down there, they were ringing their bells. And everybody was whooping it up—the war was over! And I’ll never forget, some gal in there alongside the street, she had half a dozen kids with garbage can lids and a parade going, and they’re banging and clanging. And the festivities that the war was over. And then we went back and they came out with the thing and Truman said, It’s the Atomic Bomb, and that’s what we’ve been building. And Mom went over and talked to the lady next door. She mentioned the U-235. And the gal says, they didn’t talk about that, did they? And she’d been keeping files, and her husband had been working on it. And neither of them would ever admit that they knew what the other one was doing. It was that tight. And the security in Richland. The FBI knew everybody in town, because it was not uncommon—it was a regular thing that they would come around and they would talk to you, and ask about him. And then they’d go talk to him and ask about you. It was just—it was what was going on. We didn’t know why. Well, after that—yeah, after it came out what was going on out there, then we knew what was there. But until Truman come out and said, here’s what was going on, we didn’t know.</p> <p>Franklin: What about V-J Day? Was that a separate kind of a big celebration?</p> <p>Boice: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Was that as big as the news of the bomb drop? Or was the bomb drop more of a pivotal moment here in the—</p> <p>Boice: Well, the V-J Day, the end of the war, was the big day. That’s the celebration that I’ll never forget.</p> <p>Franklin: Can you talk about it?</p> <p>Boice: June—you heard about Harry Truman, didn’t you? When he come out to Hanford?</p> <p>Franklin: No.</p> <p>Boice: [LAUGHTER] The head of security was a guy by the name of McHale. And Dad worked pretty close with him with the fire department because everything was safety and security and if you had a problem, see McHale. Now, the guy had taken—he was pretty much high up in intelligence—but he had assumed the position of a first sergeant. And Sarge McHale was the guy. No matter what happened, Sarge McHale. Harry Truman did a fantastic job, and made his reputation just going from plant to plant—the Truman Investigating Committee, cutting down waste. And I guess he did a heck of a job. But he come out to Hanford and demanded to be let in.</p> <p>Franklin: Sorry, was this when he was Vice President or President?</p> <p>Boice: He was a senator!</p> <p>Franklin: Senator—Senator Harry Truman. Okay.</p> <p>Boice: And he comes there and demands to be let in. And of course, the guard says, McHale! And McHale comes over there and meets him head-on. He says, I’m Senator Truman, and I demand to be let in. McHale says, I don’t give a damn if you’re President of the United States; you ain’t coming in here. And he didn’t. Well, years later, and I believe it was when they were dedicating the Elks Club in Pasco, Truman was back up in this area. And he was President. And he come out to Hanford and he looked up McHale. And he said, uh-huh, you son of a bitch, you didn’t think I’d make ‘er, did ya? [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. That’s a great story. [LAUGHTER] But thank you. So after the war was over, was what went on at Hanford taught in school? Was there mention of the work at Hanford that built the bomb? Was that part of the curriculum here in town?</p> <p>Boice: The local lore.</p> <p>Franklin: The local lore, but nothing in the school at all?</p> <p>Boice: Not that I recall.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: Everything was—there was a terrific amount of pride. The Atomic City, the atomic this, the atomic that. The first barber shop quartet come to town, when GE left—no, DuPont left, GE come in, four guys come in from Schenectady, New York with a barber shop quartet. First ones I ever saw. And they were the Atomic City Four. And the next one were the Nuclear Notes. [LAUGHTER] But there was an atomic pride, all over the area. Then there was the people that thought we should be ashamed of it. That we had built this device that killed a whole bunch of people.</p> <p>Franklin: Now, were these people in the community? Or people outside?</p> <p>Boice: Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: And this was right at the time—</p> <p>Boice: Oh, no, no, no. This is--</p> <p>Franklin: Later?</p> <p>Boice: Last week? [LAUGHTER] Last few years ago, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: I got my—I’m still behind Hanford.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Boice: Screwed up and all. Back to Vitro for a little bit. Like I say, they were—the organization that literally purchased and built the city of Richland—now, at that time I was flying, and I was flying out of the Richland airport. And there was an old geezer out there called Norm. Norm flew the bench. He was always on the bench out in front of the airport, there. And if somebody just going up to burn up some hours or play, why, Norm was willing to go along. I saw Norm and I hauled him around and then I went back to work for Vitro. And Pritchard brought this guy through—it was Norm! Norm had been the head of real estate when the entire city of Richland and the whole Hanford Project was bought. He was in charge of it. And he retired and trained his successor, who died. And he trained the next guy, who died. So they had Norm on a retainer. Just to ride dirt on real estate. Quite an interesting character!</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, I bet. I think I’d kind of like to return about something we were just talking about a minute ago, where you were talking about people that—especially in the later years that have been critical of Hanford. I’d like to get more of your feelings on that. On how you feel about that, or kind of what part of their argument or their viewpoint that you don’t agree with.</p> <p>Boice: They were talking about—well, first there was the Richland High School and their bomb insignia. It was felt that they were making a big deal or prideful about this terrible event. And I always go back to a group from Japan that came over and were very critical of Richland for the same thing. And the gentleman who was interviewing them or was talking to them, when they got done, informed them in no uncertain terms, that we were invited very unceremoniously into that war, and we’re sorry if you didn’t like the way we ended it. [LAUGHTER] You get to researching, I’d like to bring up, why didn’t they drop the bomb on Tokyo? Because there was nothing left on Tokyo to injure. If you read about Curt LeMay and the Strategic Air Command and the bombing of Japan, he had eliminated that thing down to—the B-29 was supposed to be a high altitude bomber. And it wasn’t as great at it as it was advertised to be. But they had eliminated the defenses. And they made the B-29 into a low-level trucking company, and they were just hauling stuff over and unloading it. And the firebombing of Tokyo—the movies they showed us in the Air Force was something to behold. I mean, they—it was so much worse than what happened at Nagasaki or Hiroshima, either one. He was told to save two or three targets—clean targets. And when they come over there with the bombs, then they used these clean targets and saw what they could do. Of the four devices—the four nuclear devices, we used—was it four or three in World War II?</p> <p>Franklin: Are you referring to—</p> <p>Boice: All but one of them came from Hanford.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah.</p> <p>Boice: The first one at Los Alamos was plutonium. And then Hiroshima was Oak Ridge.</p> <p>Franklin: Yup.</p> <p>Boice: And then Nagasaki was plutonium.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah.</p> <p>Boice: But there’s those that—and there were at the time, there was a big discussion on, should we demonstrate to them what this thing could do? And the big argument was, what if it doesn’t do? What if you drop it and it don’t do nothing? [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Interesting. Can you speak to—or do you remember anything about the Civil Rights era in the Tri-Cities?</p> <p>Boice: [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: There were reports of—you know, it’s known that Kennewick was kind of a sun-down town, and that many minorities were forced to live in East Pasco. And that during the war—</p> <p>[NEW CLIP]</p> <p>Franklin: There had been a sizable African American population at Hanford, but that after the war many of them left. So I was wondering if you could speak to the Civil Rights action you might have seen or you might have observed or anything in the Tri-Cities?</p> <p>Boice: Well, I was up in Lewiston when their civil rights march come through. But it was well-advertised. People knew what was gonna happen. And I was at the hardware store, and there’s a black cement finisher I’d worked with building houses in Pasco. I says, Leroy! You gonna come march on Kennewick? He said, [AFFECTED DIALECT] shee-it. I wantsta live in Kennewick just about as bad as you wantsta live in East Pasco. [LAUGHTER] They had a march on Kennewick—a bunch of people that—I am told, because I was living in Lewiston, and I was in Lewiston at the time. But there’s a group out of Seattle and a group out of Portland come up to Pasco, and they marched across the bridge. They marched down Avenue C, up Washington Street, down Kennewick Avenue. And Kennewick yawned. Nobody particularly cared. They got to the Methodist church, and the groups come out and says, you look hot. Come on in and have some lemonade. They sat down at the church, had lemonade and went home. And that was the civil rights march in Kennewick. But there is—when I was there growing up, there were no blacks in Kennewick. There were blacks in Pasco, and there were no blacks in Richland. With the exception—the guy that run the shoeshine parlor at Ganzel’s barbershop lived in the basement, and they tell me that there was two black porters at the Hanford House. And that was the total black population of Richland.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p>Boice: But they were not welcome in Kennewick. It wasn’t that big a deal when I was walking down Kennewick Avenue when a couple of black guys—they were bums, hobos—come walking down Main Street, you might as well say. And a cop pulled up and says, the railroad tracks are two blocks down that way. They go east and west. Either one will get you out of town. And they went to the railroad track. I always figured that the blacks wanted to move to Kennewick because they couldn’t stand to live next to the blacks in Pasco. [LAUGHTER] And if you want to get right down to it, well, all that hooping and hollering they do right now, you go down to Fayette, Mississippi, which is 98.645% black, and all the blacks in Mississippi can live in Fayette and nobody cares. Go down to Van Horn, Texas, which is all Mexicans, and they can all live in Van Horn, Texas, and nobody cares. But you let half a dozen white guys go up in Ruby Ridge, Idaho, and they just have yourself a storm. Why, these are a bunch of white separatists! If everybody else can live together, why can’t the whites?</p> <p>Franklin: Interesting. Some might say they were kind of starting a separatist movement up there, I think—claiming their own territory, and—</p> <p>Boice: So what?</p> <p>Franklin: Well, living together communally is often different from claiming that you don’t—aren’t subject to the law, the jurisdiction of the United States.</p> <p>Boice: Nobody said that they weren’t subject to the law.</p> <p>Franklin: Well--</p> <p>Boice: They kept trying to integrate Prudhoe, but he kept getting cold and going home.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, in Alaska?</p> <p>Boice: Yeah!</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah.</p> <p>Boice: They had a heck of a time keeping Prudhoe integrated. Because them black people do not like cold weather! [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: I don’t think a lot of people like cold weather.</p> <p>Boice: It was a big joke when we went down south there, to work at Savannah River. Because—hell, we’d come out of here and it was Thanksgiving. It was cold. We got down there, of course, if you’re traveling you’re gonna get nightshift. We left having the cold weather here at night down there. And I says, that’s okay, you’ll get yours come summertime when it heats up. But surprisingly—and I was really surprised that they didn’t take the hot weather any better than we did. I mean, it was miserably hot, but they were just as big a problem as a rest of us.</p> <p>Franklin: I imagine it’s quite a bit more humid down there, though, with the—when it gets hot, you know. Because the heat with the humidity is—</p> <p>Boice: Yeah, it is.</p> <p>Franklin: --much worse than the dry heat.</p> <p>Boice: Yeah, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Is there anything that we haven’t talked about that you’d like to mention? Or any question I haven’t asked you that you think I should—</p> <p>Boice: I don’t know what it would be. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, we’ve really gone—really jumped all over the place. It’s been great. Anyone else have any questions?</p> <p>Hungate: No, the only question—you said you’d done some work with the railroad. What railroad?</p> <p>Boice: Name one. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Hungate: All railroads? Union Pacific, all the different--?</p> <p>Boice: Yes. Right now they’re talking about the oil trains, and their problems with them tipping over? I wonder how long it’s gonna take them to get to the problem. In the beginning, railroads were 39-foot rails bolted together. Measured mile after mile after mile of it. Then in about, oh, the middle ‘60s—’67, thereabouts, ’66—when they were putting in the SP&amp;S, that’s now the BN—the Burlington Northern on the Washington side. They went with quarter-mile steel. And the first question that we had as surveyors—because you’re constantly working with the expansion and contraction of steel—was how are they going to control that in long rails? Because if you’re working on railroads very long, first thing you realize is do not sit on the joints in a hot day. You get your butt pinched! [LAUGHTER] When those tracks expand. So we brought this up and the first thing they told us was, well, they’ve got special steel and it’s only going to expand sideways. Well, that story lasted about as long as it took when they started putting it together. Because when they started—they’d set up a factory down here, if you’ll call it that. Brought in 39-foot un-punched rail, and just rolled her off, welded her together and ground down the joints and put her in quarter-mile sections. They were very particular when they put it in at the temperature that they laid that down on, where before—you know what a creeper is? Okay, it’s a kind of a hairpin device that you put over the rail so that it will slide less. But in the old days, the 39-foot rail very seldom saw any creepers. When they put that quarter-mile steel together, you saw a lot of creepers. Now they have gone to ribbon rail. They welded the quarter-mile steel together. You drive down to Portland, and you look at that rail, and you’re gonna go a long ways before you see a joint. There at Quinton and Washman’s dip—which don’t mean a thing to you guys—[LAUGHTER] about a mile post from 120-whatever, they have got a creeper on each—alongside of each and every tie. I mean, they were using creepers like they were going out of style. To me, the expansion’s the thing that they got to worry about, but then they should have figured this out because they’re running it. But it’s a factor. You got to factor it in when you’re doing a pipeline, when you’re doing a railroad. When we were doing the pipeline, Maurice Smith of British Petroleum, who was the head pipeline engineer, I had lunch with him. [LAUGHTER] It ain’t like we sit down at a specified lunch—he dropped in at the chow hall I was eating and sat down at our table. So we got to talking about it. And that was the question I brought up, was how are you going to handle the expansion in the steel? And he says—he admitted it was a heck of a problem. And that you got to run as many Ss as you can so that it’ll take up and accordion itself. And when you’ve got a long straight stretch, it’s gonna give you problems. [LAUGHTER] Because it’s gonna go someplace. And that’s the thing that—after they started the quarter-mile steel, a couple of years later, we had a hot summer. The article in the Tri-City Herald called it the long, hot summer, where we had over 90 days of over 90-degree weather. But they were cutting chunks out of that railroad to keep her on the road bed. And at that time, when the SP&amp;S was having these problems, the UP was laughing at them. They said, we tried this stuff in Wyoming. It didn’t work. And they’re using 39-foot stuff, and it was just whistling down the road. But now I see that they’re using the ribbon rail like everybody else. I can’t see how it’s gonna work, but the they’re doing it. [LAUGHTER] It ain’t my role! [LAUGHTER] The other one was the Camas Prairie. And that starts out, oh, about ten miles above Ice Harbor Dam, thereabouts, breaks loose, and goes clear up past Lewiston, up into Grangeville, Idaho. That’s a crazy little river.</p> <p>Franklin: That’s the one that they filmed that Charles Bronson movie.</p> <p>Boice: Breakheart Pass?</p> <p>Franklin: Breakheart Pass, yeah.</p> <p>Boice: Yeah, that was done up there. You get into railroad history—this area is knee-deep in it. Vollard was the great character in that. He started out with a little portage railroad around Idaho Falls and that area. And then he got the Walla Walla line—I call it the WWWWW&amp;WWW line—Walla Walla, Waitsburg, Washtucna and Washington Wail Woad—which was a money maker. But he ended up getting a lineup from Portland out here. And then when they started building the Northern Pacific, they were building from both ends, and he was hauling Northern Pacific rail over his tracks and taking it out in railroad stock. By the time they got connected over in Montana, he owned a sizable chunk of the railroad. [LAUGHTER] And it was—you get into that railroad history, and it’s just takeover checkers. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Great. Well, thank you so much, George.</p> <p>Boice: Okay! [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: It was a pleasure talking to you. And, yeah, thanks for coming in today.</p> <p>Boice: All righty. Write if you find work! [LAUGHTER]</p> Years in Tri-Cities Area Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site 1943-2016 Years on Hanford Site Years on the Hanford Site, if any. ca1956-1958 Names Mentioned Any named mentioned (with any significance) from the local community. Wolfe, Warren Truman, Harry Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with George Boice Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Subject The topic of the resource Hanford (Wash.) Hanford Site (Wash.) Richland (Wash.) Richland (Wash.). Public Schools Description An account of the resource An interview with George Boice conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by Mission Support Alliance on behalf of the United States Department of Energy. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016-6-15 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item. Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 2016-8-12: Metadata v1 created – [RG] FBI Housing Richland (Wash.) Secrecy https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F866f4dc1ee97127bc030dbc0e1cda11c.jpg 369953453c2a6c4d1d213754904a555b https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F1fa70e25a8e3aeba0cc6e6bcb13dfa80.mp4 3dbf13537584bbe0cb93002f5c3ea15d Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Robert Franklin Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Daniel Barnett Location The location of the interview Washington State University - Tri Cities Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:09:21 Hanford Sites Any sites on the Hanford site mentioned in the interview 225 B Encapsulation Building B Plant Years in Tri-Cities Area Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site 1944-2016 Years on Hanford Site Years on the Hanford Site, if any. 1965-1995 Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>Robert Franklin: My name is Robert Franklin and I’m conducting an oral history interview with Daniel Barnett on July 13^th, 2016. The interview is being conducted on the campus of Washington State University Tri-Cities. I will be talking with Daniel Barnett about his experiences growing up in Richland and working at the Hanford site. So the best place to start, I think, is the beginning. So why don’t you tell me where you were born and what year.</p> <p>Daniel Barnett: I was born in Aberdeen, Washington in 1938—August 13^th.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Barnett: And when the war started, my dad was working for the Harbor Patrol in Seattle as a patrolman. He heard that they were hiring over here, so he came over here and they hired him almost instantly because he already had the security clearance and everything.</p> <p>Franklin: Ah.</p> <p>Barnett: So he called my mom and told her that he had a job over here and to get herself packed, because he was gonna get her. But when she moved here, she couldn’t move to Richland. It wasn’t even on the map at that time. They took it off the map and everything. She had to move to Prosser.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Barnett: And later on when they finally got a prefab built, we moved into a prefab at 1011 Sanford.</p> <p>Franklin: Where was your father from? Was he from Washington?</p> <p>Barnett: He was from Oregon. All my family is from Oregon except for me. My dad said he couldn’t get across the border fast enough.</p> <p>Franklin: So being from—what drew him to Hanford? Was it the pay?</p> <p>Barnett: I think so. Well, he was originally—he worked at a plywood plant, then he went to work for Harbor Patrol. He had asthma, which the wet climate apparently irritated. So he had a chance to get over here, so he moved over here.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. So the climate played a—</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: --big factor and wanted the dry and the sunshine.</p> <p>Barnett: Well, probably the pay, too, because the pay was good for those times.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. And how long did your family live in Prosser before you moved?</p> <p>Barnett: We were there about a year, I think. I don’t remember truthfully—I was only about five when we moved there. And I was there probably about a year. I just vaguely remember moving to Prosser.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. Okay. And you moved—so you came over in 1944—</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: --right? And so you would have moved to Richland in 1944? About there?</p> <p>Barnett: Oh—I think we actually—Dad came over, I think in ’43. A year later, in ’44 we moved over.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p>Barnett: Because I remember ’45 when they announced the war—dropping the bomb on Japan, and Mom told Dad when he come home, I know what you’ve been guarding! [LAUGHTER] Because he didn’t even know what he was guarding at the time.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. Wow. Did your dad talk about his work much? Or maybe [INAUDIBLE]</p> <p>Barnett: He worked as a patrolman until they sold the town and then he became a painter.</p> <p>Franklin: A painter?</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, he was an artist so then he became a painter and painted the houses and the buildings in Richland. Because when the government owned Richland, if you had a paint job needed done on the house, you called them and they come in and painted it. You didn’t hire somebody from a company to paint it. The government did it.</p> <p>Franklin: And was he a patrolman onsite the entire time until they sold the town?</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. Was he assigned to a specific area, or--?</p> <p>Barnett: No, just general patrol. He talked about patrolling the fences, taking their Jeeps and going down the length of the fences and checking them out, and all that sort of stuff. But just a general patrolman, not any special area.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And you said that your—what did your mother do when she first got here?</p> <p>Barnett: Oh, she was just a housewife. She eventually went to work as a waitress. And then finally she got on to work at Hanford. She worked with Battelle for about 29 years as a lab tech.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, wow. Do you know which lab she worked in?</p> <p>Barnett: Well, she did—where they did testing on the animals. Though at that time they were testing marijuana on chimpanzees and different types of animals. She did the test work on the meat from the animals.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, wow.</p> <p>Barnett: So I don’t know exactly—it was—again, probably wasn’t supposed to be told, so she didn’t say much about it.</p> <p>Franklin: Did she have any schooling beyond—</p> <p>Barnett: Just high school.</p> <p>Franklin: Just high school. And what about your father, did he--?</p> <p>Barnett: He was just high school.</p> <p>Franklin: Just high school as well. Where did your mother waitress at?</p> <p>Barnett: Well, the first place she had was O’Malley’s Drug Store which now is a—what do you call it? A Tojo Gym? Where they teach different martial arts?</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p>Barnett: It’s down on Williams, right off of Williams. That’s what it is now.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Barnett: O’Malley’s Drug Store eventually closed, moved up to Kadlec. And a lady bought it from him, and now she’s down there on George Washington Way.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Barnett: And right by O’Malley’s Drug Store used to be a Mayfair market. So I sold newspapers out at the lunch halls at Hanford. Sold—well, I don’t remember—but I think it was the <em>Columbia Basin News </em>to start out, because that was the first newspaper of the Tri-Cities, was the <em>Columbia Basin News</em>. Then they bought them out and became the <em>Tri-City Herald</em>. But I remember selling—give you an idea, you can figure out how much time, because I remember one of the headlines was—one of the union leaders had been arrested by the government. And I don’t even remember who it was, it’s been so long ago. But I remember that was one of the headlines of one of the newspapers.</p> <p>Franklin: What about—do you remember the <em>Richland Villager</em> at all? That was a local paper.</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, but it wasn’t very much. It was very small.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Barnett: I delivered the <em>Seattle P-I.</em></p> <p>Franklin: <em>Seattle P-I</em>?</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And you said your mother started waitressing at Malley? At O’Malley’s or Malley’s?</p> <p>Barnett: At O’Malley’s.</p> <p>Franklin: O’Malley’s. And then did she waitress anywhere else in Richland?</p> <p>Barnett: Not that I know of. From there she went out to Hanford.</p> <p>Franklin: And that was when pharmacies or drug stores as we know them now, they used to have lunch counters.</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. And so they would go there and they were more of like a café-slash-pharmacy.</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah. The one up on Thayer, I think it was Densow’s at that time. That had a heyday lunch counter in it, coffee shop. It closed up and now I think it’s just pharmacy.</p> <p>Franklin: Mm-hmm.</p> <p>Barnett: But where the south end—what do you call it? You know when you get down here, you sit and try to remember things and you get kind of jumbled up—Salvation Army building is now on Thayer was originally the Mayfair Market.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And what did they sell there?</p> <p>Barnett: Well, that was the grocery store.</p> <p>Franklin: Grocery store, okay. Do you remember—so you said you moved into—what was the address on Sanford?</p> <p>Barnett: 1011 Sanford.</p> <p>Franklin: And do you remember what kind of prefabricated house it was?</p> <p>Barnett: It was three-bedroom.</p> <p>Franklin: Three-bedroom prefab, okay.</p> <p>Barnett: No, I think it was two-bedroom, because my sister was just a little baby then.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And did you share a room with your sister?</p> <p>Barnett: Probably with my brother.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, so how many siblings—</p> <p>Barnett: Had three kids. I had an older brother. We were about five years apart.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay. So an older brother, you, and then a younger sister.</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: And then how long did you live at 1011 Sanford?</p> <p>Barnett: I don’t really remember, but it must have been three or four years, because as soon as they got the A houses built, we had a chance to move into one. And we moved immediately to one. Because we had three kids, and a prefab’s kind of tight for three kids.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, yeah. I live in a two-bedroom prefab. And it’s—with just my wife, and it’s pretty—</p> <p>Barnett: Well you know why they’re called prefabs.</p> <p>Franklin: Tell me.</p> <p>Barnett: They were built by a company, brought in in two sections and then put together. They were prefabricated.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, the prefabricated engineering company out of Portland.</p> <p>Barnett: And nobody could figure out why they put that little square door in the back other than to throw the garbage out it. I don’t know—have you ever heard of Dupus Boomer?</p> <p>Franklin: Yes.</p> <p>Barnett: He made some cartoons about that backdoor.</p> <p>Franklin: Right, and that the rooves had a tendency to fly away.</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: And they had to put—</p> <p>Barnett: Well, in 1955, they did. They had two of them blow off.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, those are great cartoons.</p> <p>Barnett: Like “Pa wants a bathtub.” [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: So tell me a little more about growing up in Richland. Which schools did you go to?</p> <p>Barnett: Well, the first school I went was Carmichael. And that was probably a mile-and-a-half away. We walked to school. Nobody thought anything about it. There wasn’t any buses. There was a bus system in Richland, but it was run by the government. It was a little old bus that you could pick up in two places in Richland to go downtown and go to a movie and come back. But no buses hauled you to school. There was high school buses that hauled people. They picked them up in the Horse Heaven Hills on farms and brought them to Hanford—I mean to Col High—it’s Hanford now. But, no, I walked to school real regular, didn’t think about it, nobody had any panic about walking to school. Everybody did it because it’s normal.</p> <p>Franklin: And do you remember—so you would have been going to—was it Carmichael—growing up right in the early Cold War. What do you remember about civil defense? Duck-and-cover, air raids.</p> <p>Barnett: I don’t remember doing that.</p> <p>Franklin: Really?</p> <p>Barnett: I don’t know whether we did or not, but I don’t remember doing that.</p> <p>Franklin: Do you remember knowing what was being made at Hanford? Did you ever have any fear—how real did the Cold War seem to you?</p> <p>Barnett: Well, the Cold War affected me quite a bit because I was in eight years during the Cold War—in the Air Force.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Barnett: The security was a lot tighter. I mean, there was—you couldn’t go out to Hanford without having your security badge checked. Now you can drive clear to the Area and before you go in the Area have your badge checked.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Barnett: But then, there was a badge check when you got on the buses, the badge check, when you got out to your area, and then again they checked your badges when you left the area.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Barnett: So it was—the security was real tight.</p> <p>Franklin: Mm-hmm. But what about when you were growing up, when you were a kid in school? Did you ever have any special fear or pride in what was being made at Hanford?</p> <p>Barnett: Nope. It was—like I said, nobody knew what they were doing out there until they dropped the bomb. Then they found out they’d been protecting part of the atomic bomb.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Barnett: But I had no fears about it. I went down the irrigation ditch—there used to be an irrigation ditch that ran through town that started—it had two, three ponds on Wellsian Way that were the settling ponds for Richland’s water system. And we used to go there and swim in them. One of the ponds they eventually made a juvenile fishing pond. And the irrigation ditch runs from there, clear down to where the hospital is, down in front of the hospital, several ponds down through the hospital and then under—well, through the Uptown district, one of them went through the Uptown district, and one went to the Columbia River. And wasn’t until ’48 that they finally put a pump in there, because in ’48 when they built the dam—they built the dike, rather—the irrigation ditches plugged up. So they had to put up a pump station in so they could pump the water irrigation ditch up into the river. We used to fish in that. We used to go down there and slide down—slide over where the pump was, because it was all slick and slimy. We’d put on an old pair of jeans and go down there and slide into the water. I mean, that’s things kids then. Nowadays they wouldn’t even think about it. My mother told me when I could swim 25 feet, I could go in the river by myself. Mainly because you didn’t go to the river too often in the winter; you went in the summer. And there’s not a place in the Yakima, if you can swim 25 feet, you can’t get back to the shore. So I spent all my—most weekends and spare time at the Yakima River playing around.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. What about—maybe you could talk a little bit about the growth of Richland and kind of the building of some of the major hallmarks, like the Uptown and the—</p> <p>Barnett: Well, the Uptown was built—the rest of it closed up, but originally the Uptown—as you come into Uptown off to the left—that was a big theater. And we used to have a big matinee. The Spudnut’s shop has always been there. I can remember going to the movie on a Saturday and the lineup for the movie—I think it was 20 cents for a movie then. But it was clear past the Spudnut shop. We used to watch the owner there making the Spudnuts while we were waiting to get into the movies.</p> <p>Franklin: Has that been in its same location--</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: --in the mall?</p> <p>Barnett: Spudnut’s has been there ever since it started. They originally were out there in Kennewick. If you go in there and pick up their menu, they have a little story about where they started. They started out there in the Wye.</p> <p>Franklin: That’s great. And what else about it? Because Richland kind of developed out towards--</p> <p>Barnett: Well, Newberry’s was on the other end of the Uptown district. That was kind of a department store type. I think the only one I saw was about 15 years ago, and that was in the Dalles, Oregon. I don’t even know if they exist anymore. The downtown district, every year we had different contests for the kids. They had marble shooting contests and bubblegum blowing contests—all kind of contests to keep the kids’ interest.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Barnett: At that time, the—what is it? The Allied Arts, or was that in the Atomic Frontier Days?</p> <p>Franklin: Can you talk maybe a little bit about the Atomic Frontier—do you remember going to the parades?</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah. They had a lot of the old western movie stars come to the Atomic Frontier Days.</p> <p>Franklin: Like—do you remember any names in particular?</p> <p>Barnett: No, I don’t. Like I say, a kid doesn’t retain names like that. He hears them and doesn’t retain them. But my dad, apparently, knew a couple of them, so he visited with them. It started out as just a celebration of Hanford and stuff. And then it worked into the Allied Arts show.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And do you remember any particulars of those celebrations, like the parade—the floats, or—</p> <p>Barnett: Well, there wasn’t any parade. There wasn’t any parade, and where Howard Amon Park is, there used to be a swimming pool. You know where it makes a turnaround? Well, there off to the right there used to be a swimming pool. And right now, they still got the old children’s swimming pool there, but then there was a regular swimming pool in the water. And in 1948 when the big flood came, it filled up full of water and they ended up breaking it up and burying it and building the Howard Prout pool. But we used to go down there and swim just about every day. And we’d go to the other end of the park and pick peaches, because it used to be a peach orchard. Because there were orchards all over town. Where Jason Lee was—the old Jason Lee—that was a cherry orchard. Where Densow is, that was a cherry orchard. Carmichael had an orchard. There was orchards all over town. Because this was an agriculture district at the time the government bought it and moved in.</p> <p>Franklin: Were you in any clubs or—</p> <p>Barnett: I was a boy scouts.</p> <p>Franklin: --organizations? Boy Scouts?</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah. We had—one that sticks in my mind the most was we had one of our young scouts drowned at the Uptown. That’s the one I mentioned. He went on an inner tube, fell in the water and drowned. That was in ’48. And actually, the water where the hospital was, the irrigation ditch you got there, that was 15-foot deep at that time.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p>Barnett: That backed up so much, they—that’s when they built what they called the America Mile, the dike. They called all the earthmovers from Hanford out to Richland to build that dike. Because when they started, the water was lapping over the edge to go into the houses. And they poured that thing in about 24 hours.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow, that’s amazing.</p> <p>Barnett: Now, the George Washington Way was closed to all civilian traffic, and these great big earthmovers were just going down the road, 30, 40 miles an hour.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. What other kinds of activities did you do in Boy Scouts?</p> <p>Barnett: Oh, built models. Car models. You whittle them out, put the wheels on them, all that, have races with them. Went on trips. Just normal Boy Scout stuff. Got a little more sophisticated, but just the normal Boy Scout stuff then.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. And so after you went to Carmichael, did you then go to Richland High?</p> <p>Barnett: Col High.</p> <p>Franklin: Col High?</p> <p>Barnett: [LAUGHTER] It was Col High then.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh.</p> <p>Barnett: They changed the name because there was a Col High downstream on the Columbia that had had the name before Richland High was called Col High. So they changed it to Richland High instead of Col High.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh. But was the mascot always still the—</p> <p>Barnett: All the bomber.</p> <p>Franklin: --bombers? Okay. So the Col High Bombers?</p> <p>Barnett: Yup.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And when did you graduate high school?</p> <p>Barnett: 1957.</p> <p>Franklin: And then what did you do?</p> <p>Barnett: I went in the Air Force. I think about two months after I got out and I went in the Air Force. I already spent 27 months in the National Guards. I got in the National Guards when I was 16, and when I went to sign up for the Air Force, the squadron commander of the National Guards was—he got shook up because he enlisted me when I was 16. [LAUGHTER] So they changed the date on my discharge papers from the National Guards. So according to my discharge papers from the National Guards, I’m 78 right now.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh.</p> <p>Barnett: Those days, they did things like that, nobody thought anything about it.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow, yeah.</p> <p>Barnett: Because if you were warm they took you into the military then.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. [LAUGHTER] And what did you—describe your time in the Air Force.</p> <p>Barnett: Well, of course there was basic training. The first place I went was Westover, Massachusetts—that’s Springfield, Massachusetts. And that was a total culture shock for me, because I grew up in a comparatively small city. And Springfield then had over 100,000 people in it.</p> <p>Franklin: Right, and I guess, too, at this point you would have completely grown up when Richland was a government—</p> <p>Barnett: Yup.</p> <p>Franklin: --still was all government space.</p> <p>Barnett: Yup, they sold it while I was in the Air Force.</p> <p>Franklin: Can—actually I guess maybe we can back up a little bit. What strikes you, maybe looking back on that, or—</p> <p>Barnett: I watched them build the Alphabet Houses. And there wasn’t one or two people on the houses; there was five or six building these houses. And they seemed to go up overnight. One of the things that I don’t know is fact or not, but knowing the government it probably was—is they were supposed to build half basements for a coal fire furnace, a coal bin, and two tubs, and place for a washing machine. The contractors screwed up on some of them and built a full basement. And the government found out about it and made them go back in and seal half the basement with dirt. [LAUGHTER] Typical government.</p> <p>Franklin: Were your—granted you were a kid at this point, but was your sense—were people happy—</p> <p>Barnett: Oh yeah!</p> <p>Franklin: living in a government-controlled and -owned town?</p> <p>Barnett: Nobody thought anything about it. There was very little crime. Because at that time, there was only about two, three ways to get out of Richland. So there was nobody causing any big deal. And if you got in a whole bunch of trouble—you didn’t live in Richland unless you worked at Hanford. And if your kids got into too much trouble, they told the parents, you calm them down or go find another job. So it was stopped.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. Did you—was Richland mostly a white community at that time? Right? Were there any other—</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, there was—one, I think there was only one black community in Richland—Norris Brown. And I think they lived in Putnam.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Barnett: I remember we had a basketball game in Sunnyside. And Sunnyside wasn’t gonna let them play on their court. And we told them, fine, we’ll just get up and leave. So we all started to get up and leave and they finally broke it and gave in and let them play on the basketball court.</p> <p>Franklin: How did you know this family? Did you go to school together?</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, I went to school with them.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh okay, and did you play basketball?</p> <p>Barnett: No! I’m not a sports—I had my first surgery on my knee when I was about 13, so—</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, wow.</p> <p>Barnett: I’ve never played any sports. My sporting then was hunting and fishing.</p> <p>Franklin: But you kind of heard about this story?</p> <p>Barnett: Oh, yeah. We all know them. Went to basketball games. Then there was sock hops and at noon they taught dancing in the lunchrooms for kids that wanted to learn how to dance.</p> <p>Franklin: So do you know what the patriarch of that family would have done at Hanford to be able to earn a place at Hanford? Because mostly from what I’ve heard, mostly African Americans had to live in Pasco.</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, because they wouldn’t let them live in Richland—I mean Kennewick.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, in Kennewick. So how did—do you know any particulars as to how that family was able to live in Richland?</p> <p>Barnett: I think it’s just that the government—that they had to be equal on them, and they just hired them and they went to work out there. I don’t know any particulars on it, but that’s basic what it was.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p>Barnett: They were in a government town, and there was no way that anybody could refuse—and there was nobody that complained about it.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Barnett: Again, the government controlled it. They said, if you don’t like it, goodbye.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. And they would—they called the government for pretty much anything you needed on the house, right? For coal?</p> <p>Barnett: Right. Lightbulbs, chains, coal. But coal was delivered once a—I don’t know whether it was once a month or once a week. But coal was automatically delivered. And like I say, if there was anything major done, you called the housing department. They came in and fixed it.</p> <p>Franklin: I think sometimes for outsiders looking in, it’s kind of striking to hear about the government completely owning this town and controlling the lives of the people and having that much control on people’s freedoms and responsibility. But from the people I’ve talked to who grow up in Richland, they have very fond memories of it.</p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, there was no restrictions on the normal freedoms. There was restriction on if your kids got into trouble, because, like I said, the patrol would go up to the person that had the kids that were causing the problem and said you either straighten your kids out or you go and find another job. Which, to me, made common sense. And so it was actually pretty decent.</p> <p>Franklin: Did you ever get any sense from your parents that they felt, maybe, restricted, not being able to own their own home or do any of their own repairs, or did they just—</p> <p>Barnett: No, not then. I think—that was just after the Depression—I think they were just happy to be able to get a home.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. Interesting. Because, you know, for some people looking outside, you could look at that level of government control—because we have these big debates about the role of the government in society today, and it’s kind of interesting to hear about it.</p> <p>Barnett: Well, there was no control where the government come in and said, you do this and you do that and you do this. As long as you didn’t get into trouble and you did your job, and were a normal person, there was nobody ever complained about it. I remember I was back behind where the Racquet Club is. I was hunting ground squirrels with a .22 one day. And at that time, nobody had any problems with it. And one of the Richland patrol people came and picked me up and brought me back to the patrol station. And he called my dad. My dad come in and he says, what’s wrong? He says, we caught your boy shooting .22s at such-and-such area. He said, well, is he aiming at the road? Said, no. Said, did he shoot it at anybody? Said, no. Then what the hell are you bothering me about? I mean, that’s just how it was in those times. It wasn’t any of this, oh my god, he’s got a gun. It just was normal. Because I had my first rifle when I was about—I must have been about eight years old. And we used to go out and go rabbit hunting.</p> <p>Franklin: Did you ever spend much time in Kennewick or Pasco—in either of those--?</p> <p>Barnett: Not really. My wife was born in Pasco.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Barnett: I never spent much time in it because I had no reason to. I mean, it wasn’t the case of I was afraid to or wary about it—just I had no reason to. All, everything I needed was in Richland or around the Richland area.</p> <p>Franklin: Why did you first have to get surgery on your knee at 13?</p> <p>Barnett: Well, my knee locked. I didn’t find out until about 25 years later that the doctor had actually not fixed it. Because what they found out was there was a meniscus cartilage—you know in your knee? And mine was oblong and it had broke in half. And it had slipped between the joint and it had locked my knee so I couldn’t straighten it out. So I’d have to pick it up, lay it across the other leg, and pull it and pop it back out. But that was the first—I was accident prone. I had a radical mastoid when I was about 15. By the time I got out of high school, I probably had 100 stitches in me. I mean, if it happened, I did it and got it happened to me. I was playing baseball, jumped over a fence, and landed on a guard rake with the thongs up—four thongs in one of my foot.</p> <p>Franklin: Ouch.</p> <p>Barnett: Weird things like that are always happening to me. One time, when I was in school, I reached up to open a door and a kid slammed it and put my hand through the window, sliced across this way. And I looked at it, bleeding, and I closed it up and went to the nurse’s office. The nurse got all panicky. She called my mom, and I could hear my mom say over the phone real loud, again?! And the nurse must’ve thought she was the hard-heartest old lady there ever was, but my mother was just used to it.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, right.</p> <p>Barnett: And I didn’t do things out of the way to have it happen, just—if it’s gonna be an odd thing, it happened.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Barnett: So I kind of, like I say, with all this mess I got with my knee now, I call it Young Stupid Male Syndrome, a lot of it. I don’t—I get frustrated with it, because I love to garden and I can’t garden anymore. But I don’t get worried or depressed about it, because it’s there and nothing I can do about it, so just live with it.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. So jump back ahead now. So you said you moved to Springfield in the Air Force for basic training, and that was—</p> <p>Barnett: No, I was—San Antonio for basic training, and then to Springfield.</p> <p>Franklin: And that was a big culture shock.</p> <p>Barnett: Oh, yeah. I mean, I drove a vehicle and drove into town to haul officers into town. And here is a town with 100,000 people and I’d never been in anything bigger than Richland, Washington. So you can imagine the shock it was, being in that kind of traffic.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. And then where did you go after that?</p> <p>Barnett: Well, I was there for about a year-and-a-half, two years. Then I went to Thule, Greenland.</p> <p>Franklin: Interesting.</p> <p>Barnett: Top of the world.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah. And what were you—was that for the—weren’t there bombers stationed—</p> <p>Barnett: No, they had the fueling planes there. Yes, they had SAC planes all over the world at that time. But at Thule they had the KC-135s and the KC-97s that were fueling planes.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Barnett: So we were there to support them.</p> <p>Franklin: And those were there to refuel the—</p> <p>Barnett: The B-52s.</p> <p>Franklin: --the B-52s that were carrying weapons in case of--</p> <p>Barnett: Yup, because there was one from every base in the world in the air 24 hours a day.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. And can you talk—what was that like, to be in—and was the base separated from any other communities in Greenland, or did you--</p> <p>Barnett: It was a base of its own. There were no other communities besides Thule, that’s it.</p> <p>Franklin: And how long were you there?</p> <p>Barnett: Year.</p> <p>Franklin: And what was that like?</p> <p>Barnett: Well, it’s an interesting place to visit, but you don’t want to live there permanently. [LAUGHTER] Let’s put it that way. They have permafrost which is—oh, I guess about two foot down. So in the spring there are all these little beautiful tundra flowers—yellows and whites and all that. And then when they’re gone it’s just green grass and that’s it. And when they went to put a pole in the ground, they put a can—a barrel of oil in the ground, and light the oil, and then dig around that barrel. Because that’s the only way to get down past the permafrost. Because permafrost is almost like concrete.</p> <p>Franklin: Yes, yeah. I’m from Alaska originally, and so I’m very familiar with permafrost. So after Greenland, where did you go?</p> <p>Barnett: Went to Mountain Home Air Force Base.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: And where is that?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Idaho, Washington.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay. So kind of close to--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, out in Mountain Home. They had B-47s then at Mountain Home.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: I figured out that they actually phased out B-47s because they were built before the B-52s and they figured the B-47s weren't worth keeping around.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: And what did you do in the Air Force?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: I drove. I drove every kind of vehicle you can think of.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh, really?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah. When I moved to Fairchild from Mountain Home, I was trained to tow B-52s in the back, in the hangars.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: With a five-ton Yuke. Four-wheel drive, five ton, and you had wing walkers on the outside that would guide you, and you would back this thing up, this big B-52 into a hangar. </p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: They would pull it down to a fueling station or whatever. </p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Cool. And then when did you come back to Richland?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: 1965. I got out to Richland and we moved to--I can't remember the address, but it was on Marshall. We moved to a house on Marshall.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Was it an Alphabet House, or was it a--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, it was an Alphabet House. I remember it most because the neighbors had a monkey. And the monkey kept stealing my daughter's candy from her. [LAUGHTER] </p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: So you said--wait, so by this point you had a family?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, I had--I adopted my oldest boy and I had two children.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: They were all born at Fairchild.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And a wife, I presume?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: And what did your wife do in Richland?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: She was just a mother. But we divorced in about '70. And then I remarried.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And what did you do when you came back to Richland?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Anything I could. I worked at O'Malley's Drug Store for a while. I worked at his house--O'Malley's house, leveled his backyard. I worked at Walter's Grape Juice, I worked at Bell Furniture, I worked at—at that time, it was originally called the Mart, at that big building right next to the Federal Building. At one time, that was a big--what would you call it? They had a cafeteria and a grocery store and all the other—kind of like Walmart.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: It was called the Mart at that time. And I worked there in the clippers that they washed the dishes with. And then I went to work for the bowling alley, Atomic Lanes, which was right there where the Jacks and Sons Tavern is. That was a community center and a bowling alley there. And I worked there for about a month, and then they went automatic. So, about that time, I was just about ready to get out—finish high school. And I don't think I had any other job after that, and I went in the Air Force.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh, so--I'm sorry. When you came back to Richland, what did you do? So in 1965.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Oh, I did everything then. You name it, I took a job. Before—I'm sorry, I got it backwards. Before I went in the Air Force, there wasn't many jobs for people in the—who were kids in Richland. And I worked the bowling alley and I worked down at a dry cleaning outfit. But when I come back to Richland, that's when I had all these other jobs. I worked all these other jobs to keep supplied for the family.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: How had Richland changed in the eight years since you had been gone?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, the Uptown district had--the Newberry's had left. And there was a Safeway store right next to the theater. Right now I think it's a—I don't know, some kind of a multi shop deal. And both of the stores that were there originally are gone. They're now all antique stores.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: So it was—when it was built, it was the first big complex for going shopping in Tri-Cities.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: And after they built that, they built Highlands. And that was another big complex for shopping. So I worked everything I could, and 19--oh, what was it? [SIGH] About '67 or '68, I went to work at Hanford. I finally got on with them. Because I'd been applying at Hanford for three years. And I finally got to work with them. I won't mention how I got to work for them, because to me, it's kind of a ridiculous deal, and I don't know whether it was prejudice or not. Well, I'll go ahead. </p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: I was gonna say, now you've got my interest.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: I was--how I'd shop for a job, I'd go out and fill out an employment application, and I'd just distribute--go out all over town and fill out employment applications. And every week, I'd go back and check them. Well, one time, I was filling out an appointment application, and one of the guys I knew, I met him, and he said, hey, there's a new employment office over there at the new Whitaker School. And you might check it out. So I went over there and checked it out and signed up. And three days later, Hanford called me for a job. And I found out that that originally was a minority employment office.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: So I've always had the feeling that somebody didn't look at the records right. They didn't see the C. [LAUGHTER] Because I didn't get hired until I went to there and did an application. Because the government was required to hire a certain number of minority--</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right. Well, but you did get hired.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: So what did you do at Hanford?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, I can say as little as possible, like everybody else. [LAUGHTER] That's a common joke. Of course, it took me about--I couldn't understand it. It took me about three months to get a security clearance. When I was in SAC, I had a Secret clearance. Both my folks worked at Hanford, they had Secret clearance. But it still took me about three months to get a security clearance. And all the time, since I've been on the Air Force, I've lived in Richland, I never could understand the government—why they wasted so much money on a security clearance for me. But when I got out there, I started as a process operator. And started at B Plant. And there was no training at that time. I mean, when you went into a radiation zone, one of the guys that was experienced took you with him. And you dressed like he did, hoping he knew what he was doing, because that's how you dressed. And that's how you learned to dress right. So I started out going into the canyon--I don't know if you knew what the canyons were—okay? We went into the canyons and I helped mixed chemicals in the chemical gallery. And that's where I think I really screwed up my knees, because I can remember—remember, I call it Young Stupid Male Syndrome--I remember throwing a hundred-pound sack of chemicals on my shoulder and going up three flights of stairs with them, rather than wait for the elevator. Young and dumb, indestructible. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Actually, maybe for those who might be watching this who might not be as familiar with some of this stuff as I am, can you describe the canyon?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, the canyon was—well, like I say, the building was about 150-foot wide and about 800-foot long. And it was four stories deep and there was just one--the reason they call it canyon was because it was a gigantic canyon. It went the full length of the building, and they had huge cranes that moved different stuff so they could process the atomic waste. Because in B Plant, they process the nuclear waste. They ship it down to B Plant and we go through chemical stuff to separate the strontium and cesium from it. And that would be sent to the encapsulation plant. That was built about—oh, six years after I went to work at B Plant. They closed up after I'd been there for ten years, and I went to work for Encapsulation Building. But the canyon is an immensely big, empty storage building, really what it is. And I don't know how—or what they're gonna do with them now, because there is some radiation there that you wouldn't believe how hot it was. We took samples of radiation behind lead shields, and then they were so hot that they ended up having the crane pick up the samples and dispose of them, because we couldn't move them.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Wow. Did you—and so when you came back, your father was no longer working at Hanford, right?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, he was still working at Hanford.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh, was he still working—so you guys worked at Hanford at the same time.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh, wow, that's really interesting. So can you tell me a little bit more about what a—describe in a little more detail the job of a process operator?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, real basically, we were what you might call nuclear janitors.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: We clean up the messes that pipe fitters or millwrights or electricians made. We process all the chemical--mixed all the chemicals and processed—did all the processing of separating the strontium and cesium from the nuclear waste and ship them to tank farms. And that was basically what our main job was. We had a few major accidents. Now it'd be all over the world, about how bad it was and all that. But we just went about our business cleaning it up and went on our job. None of us got an overdose of radiation. We relied on our radiation monitors and they were good radiation monitors. If we were getting too much, they yanked us out of there real quick. So we didn't even think about it. It wasn't the case of being scared of it or anything else. It's like your hazardous wastes that they got, like coming from the hospital, where they work in an x-ray lab, they throw all the gloves and stuff and that. That's called mixed hazardous waste. Well, you could take a bath in that and not get any radiation on you. But according to what the public knew, those things are really highly radioactive boxes. And I think the biggest problem the government had is they didn't tell the people enough about what was really going on after the war was over. </p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh. Really?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, because there would have been less worry about things that were going on then, if they would have known. Because if you don't know anything about radiation, and you hear somebody mentions something is irradiated, you get all panicky about it. The expression for radiation out there was, you get a crap up. You get a crap up, you scrub it off and go about your business. Now, they panic and take you to town and do all that sort of stuff. There, we just scrubbed it off and went about our business.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: And I never worried about it.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Okay. So you said you were a process separator at B Plant. And then you went to the Canyon, and what did you do--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, I didn't go to the Canyon, I went to 225-B, the Encapsulation Building.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin; 225-B, the Encapsulation Building.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: That's where they encapsulated the strontium and cesium. </p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Okay. </p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: We all did a multitude of jobs. We worked on the cells, processing the strontium and cesium. And we worked behind the cells in mixing chemicals and we worked from when they loaded the chemicals for shipment for a long period of time when they were shipping cesium to the radiation plant for irradiating medical waste. And that ended when the guy was what they called recycling the cesium capsules too much. They get real hot. I mean, temperature-wise. And he was setting it in the water for a period of time and taking it out of water and cooling them off and stashing them back in the water. Well, one of them leaked.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Ooh.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: And so they ended up, the whole place had to have all those capsules moved back. So that was a big fiasco. And again, it wasn't our fault. It was the guy doing the work was stupid enough to not check and see what he was doing.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: And that's usually what happens with most—any of the radiation. And if you work with radiation, it's not the guy doing the work, it's somebody that's stupid and doesn't check what he's doing, doesn't follow regulations that causes the problem. </p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: So did you have any other jobs at Hanford? Or what--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: I don't know, you ever heard of McCluskey?</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Yeah.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, I was over there when we cleaned—for five weeks cleaning up that building.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Really?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah. </p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Were you there at the time of the accident--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: No, no.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: --or part of the cleanup for that?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Afterwards. They were trying to clean up the rooms so they could go in there and get things squared away. And we spent five weeks there. And to tell you how screwball the government can be, the last week-and-a-half we were there, we finally told our supervisor, look, all of worked on this radiation for 15, 20 years. We know how to clean it up. Quit telling us what to do. Let us go in there and clean it up and we'll get it cleaned up for you in no time at all. So they took a chance. And what they did is we ragged all along the bottom of the building, and we took water fire extinguishers. Because it's americium, and americium is a powder substance, it floats real easy. But it's water soluble--it'll run down with water. So we went in there and sprayed the walls with it real heavy. Then wiped everything down, moved everything that was movable, bagged it up in plastic bags and moved it out. And inside of a week, we had it down to mask only. Before then, we were wearing three pairs of plastic and cooling air and fresh air.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: And we cleaned it up in a week-and-a-half because they didn't want the people that knew what they were doing doing it. And that's the biggest problem with the government: they've always got the bureaucracy up here that knows what's going on, but they never ask the poor guy that’s doing all the work what's going on. I think you've seen that numerous times. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: I think so. [LAUGHTER] Wow, that's really fascinating. So how long total did you work at Hanford?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: 30 years.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: 30 years.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: I had to take a medical retirement in '98.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: '98. So then you were there, then, kind of from the shift from production to cleanup. Right? The production and shutdown.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: No, when I left they were just getting ready to start cleaning things up.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Okay, so can you maybe talk about the shift from production to shutdown? How did that affect your job?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, I really didn't get in on any of the cleanup, because I left before they did. But I talked to a number of the guys out there that I worked with that were in the cleanup. The biggest problem they had is they put such a limit on chemicals they could use to do cleanup that they had to use things that they claim were not environmentally safe. They had to void all that--like Tide. They wouldn't even let us use Tide to wash the walls down. Now, you use Tide in washing machines. [LAUGHTER] Come on, give me a break. That's a hazardous chemical? And I guess it took them quite a while to get the thing cleaned up. Because, like I say, they didn't start cleaning it up until after I left.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right. So what did you do in the shutdown era? Like after '87, from '87 to '98? What was your job primarily?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: They didn't shut down--they shut B Plant down, but they didn't shut 2-and-a-quarter down. 2-and-a-quarter was still processing strontium and cesium.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay, so then you kept in the waste encapsulation.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Can you describe a little bit more the process of waste encapsulation?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, strontium is not soluble--not water soluble. And strontium is. And what they had--they had a special process--I don't know exactly the process. I just know what we did. You would take a mixed chemicals with the cesium and you would dissolve it and then you would heat it up to--I think--800 degrees into a liquid. And then you had a machine we called a tilt-pour which would pour seven capsules at a time full of cesium. And then you'd take these capsules and you'd put a sensoring disc in them to make them airtight. And then you'd weld a cap onto that. That'd be welded by a machine. And most then it was computerized. Then that was decontaminated until it was clean. And then it was put into another capsule, and that capsule was also—put a lid on it, but it was soldered on—welded on. And that was moved into the pool cells. Pool cells are 13-foot deep. What you had is a special hole built into the wall with water that you would shove that capsule through. And then the guy on the other side in the pool cell would grab the capsule and pull it out. And he would go to the pool cell that he's designated to go to, and he would shove it through a hole in the wall. And somebody on the other side would grab it and pull it and then you'd put it into its spot. So it was quite a process. And the fear was--you couldn't get that capsule within five feet of the top. Because if you did, you'd get a high radiation alarm. They’d read millions of rads on those capsules. They were hot, no two ways about it. And one thing I've always wondered is why does cesium glow blue when you turn the lights out?</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: You turn the lights out in the pool cell, and all these cesium capsules will glow blue. And I've never--I've had somebody say it's something about the speed of light and all that. But I'd like to know the real reason it does that.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: That sounds kind of strangely beautiful.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: It was. It's a blue glow all along the bottom. The strontium doesn't. Strontium is not water soluble and it doesn't glow at all. In fact, I got some strontium in me one time when I had a tape when one of the manipulators--I don't know if I didn't mention--all the work was done from the outside with the manipulators. You know what manipulators are.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right, yeah.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Okay, and all the capsulation, all of the work was done with manipulators from the outside. And it was amazing what some of those guys could do. They could take a little bottle about so big with a little bitty top and they could pick up that bottle, hold it here, and took up the other--the cap with the lid and put it on it.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: I was never that good with it, but there some guys out there who got real expertise with that. It just takes a lot of work to learn to use those things. </p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: I bet.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: That's one reason my hand's tore up--my hand just didn't take it so much.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: And you said you got strontium on your hand?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, I got--I couldn't handle manipulators good because my hand was falling apart on me. So I took all the decontamination of the manipulator. Because that's--a manipulator has to be pulled after so many--I think it's so many weeks, the Mylar coating on it starts deteriorating. So it has to be pulled, decontaminated, and new Mylar sheath put on it. And I was in there decontaminating one of the manipulators, and one of the—well, they were trying new bands that controlled the grips. And one of them broke and sliced my hand. And I got some strontium in my finger. It was about 700 counts. I wasn't too worried about it. But they took me to town and went on all government roads, documented and everything and brought me back. I couldn't work with radiation for about three months until that thing finally deteriorated--worked out of the body.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: But I didn't worry about it. It wasn't enough to do any harm.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Wow, that's really--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: See, that's the difference between working with the stuff and knowing what it does, and not working with the stuff.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right. Right, I've heard a lot of similar things about--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: It's like chemicals. I'd rather work at a radiation plant than at a chemical plant. Because if you have good radiation monitors, you're not gonna get an overdose of radiation. But with a chemical plant, look what they have out there now. A guy gets a whiff of chemicals, they all go panic about it.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, I see where you're--I see your point. So you said--earlier when you said you would put the cesium in the pools—cesium cans, you couldn't get them too close to something, because they'd get too hot. Sorry--can you--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: No, it wasn't too close--they're in--oh, it probably was a--well, what would you call it? It was like a cabinet with holes in it. You would drop these in there. And they're spaced out. You couldn't pull them too high. </p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: If you pulled them sometimes when you're getting ready to transfer them to the pool cell, they would hydroplane and come up. And if you pulled them too fast, they would come up and you'd get a high radiation alarm. You’d just drop it back down and it'd go off.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: That's what it was.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: I got--okay. I gotcha. So--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: It only takes one time, you remember not to do that anymore. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: [LAUGHTER] I bet. So even though your area—your work didn't change much when most of the plans ordered to shut down. You still probably worked with a lot of people whose jobs might have changed--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: --during shutdown. Can you talk about that transition between process--?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, I talked with some of the guys and they were talking about how much work it took to get things cleaned up. Like the area behind the pool cells, that had to be completely decontaminated. And we finally got it down to where it was just one pair and no masks. That took a lot of work. Decontaminating just takes a lot of hand-scrubbing. I mean, it's not a case of, you can put something there and pick it up and get rid of it. You got a scrub a lot of places until it's gone. It takes a lot of work. And I talked to one fella, and he said that they had all the cells that were down to clean—and what they consider clean is no radiation in them. And it is hard for me to believe, because some of those cells were really hot. But I never got a chance on the cleanup.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: How was--so when Hanford was shifting over, how was this change explained by management, or some of the--how was it conveyed, or how did the community take it?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Management never explained anything to anybody. [LAUGHTER] I don't remember hearing the community complaining about anything, because most of the guys worked out there, and they knew what was going on. So there was no big panic about it. It wasn't the case where some guys didn't work here, they were told this was going on and got all excited because they didn’t know what was going on. Most people knew what was going on. So there was no big panic that I remember.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: We didn't panic with radiation, because we had good radiation monitors.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: And that makes a big difference when you're working around radiation.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: So being in waste encapsulation, how did other events--other nuclear accidents around the country or around the world, like Three Mile Island or Chernobyl, kind of affect how your job or how--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: It made us see how ridiculous--because Three Mile Island actually worked. It was [UNKNOWN] what it was built for. And the moderation they got--radiation they got was not as much as you get flying from here to Denver City. Because you get more radiation from the sun than you do from—what the people at Three Mile Island got. But they blew it up so big, because so many years the government kept radiation such a secret. And that's the reason there's so much panic whenever they say radiation. Of course, there's been some real bad accidents. That one in Japan—that was a horrible thing. But as far as Hanford goes, most of the people that worked at Hanford don't—I guess they're not working around radiation anymore; it's all chemicals. Because they're getting—they get the chemicals and to me, that's the management's problem. Because they're doing something wrong in taking care of the people. The people are doing what they're told to do. If management is telling them, hey, you got to wear this, and they're not wearing it, then that's their problem—that’s the worker's problem. But when the management doesn't do anything about it, that's their problem—that’s management's problem. And I think from what I've heard and read, most of this is a managerial problem. It's not a case that the worker is going out of his way to ignore any safety concerns.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right. What about the accident in Chernobyl? How did that--did that affect your job, or--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah, it affected it because they shut down N Reactor. And N Reactor, up until then, was as safe as any reactor in the country. It had so many safety pieces on it that you could darn near slam a door and make it shut down. But they shut it down because it was something like Chernobyl. And that's where the big effect was. </p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: How did--oh, how did security policies change over time? Did they change with the different contractors or in response to different events?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: No, the security’s main thing was basically the same. You had the security guards at like 200 East—well, they left the security guards that you couldn’t get out to Hanford without a security clearance. But that quit because they had the buses, and that stopped. And they had the security guards checking the buses and stuff as you went through. And then typical government, they started screaming about, oh, we're burning too much gas. We can't afford gas! So we'll shut the buses down. [LAUGHTER] So everybody had to drive out. But the guards at the gate checked your badges, checked your cars. If there was anything in it--you couldn’t take cameras or anything like that out there. If the guard knew you, he checked you out whether he knew you or not, because he had to make sure your wife didn't leave a camera sitting in your backseat you didn't know about.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Which happened on occasion.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right, I bet. How did your job change with the different contractors coming in? Did it change much, or did you--</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, every contractor that came in, the engineers thought they were gonna remake the world. They would come up with some plan that they saw on a schematic and say, this is the way we want to do it. And we'd tell them point blank, it won't work. We've tried it that way. And they say, oh yes, it will! So we'd spend $50,000 in parts and stuff to put this together, and then it didn't work. And then they went around, well, why didn't it work? Well. The only one I ever saw that was a decent engineer is when he'd draw up a plan to do something, he would go to the millwrights, he would go to the operators, he'd go to the instrument techs and ask them to look at it and see if there's anything that needs done on it. And he had never had any problems. But these that come straight out of school and thought they could reinvent the world were a pain in the butt to us because they cost money and time.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Do you remember who that good engineer was?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: He left. I don't remember who he was. But he left and went to work for a big company some place.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay. Do you remember President Nixon's visit in--I think it was 1970 or 1971?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: I might have. I didn't see him. I don't worry about politics.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: [LAUGHTER]</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: He didn't do our place any good or any bad. Just a big political statement.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: How did the Tri-Cities change from when you came back in 1968 until today? What kind of strikes you as major changes?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, there seem to be more, you might say, petty crimes. There wasn't as much as there was before--there was more than there was before, I should say. But the city maintained its equilibrium about the same, because the people have been here for 20 years, and then they sold the city to the town. There was no big change in the government. The police stayed the same. The biggest change was you had to call a painter if you wanted your house painted. And they sold the houses to the people, and that was the biggest change.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: How about, though, since—from when you came back in 1968 until today? Has there been any--has the community changed at all?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, a lot of the businesses have left Richland. They moved out Columbia Center area, or up there in that area. We don't have--you got to go to Columbia Center to find a business. There's a few still there. There's Home Depot and stuff like that down there, Big Lots. But there's not as many as there used to be. And mostly antique shops or stereo shops.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: But there's always the Spudnut. It's always been there.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: There is always the Spudnuts, yeah. They're good too. Is there anything else that I haven't asked you about that you'd like to talk about?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, us kids had different ways of playing that nowadays they would just panic about it. We used to have BB gun fights. We’d put on leather jackets and extra pair of Levi's and a hat and go into these orchards like where Densow's was and we'd have BB gun fights. And you haven't really lived until you've had your butt shot by a BB. [LAUGHTER] But nowadays there'd be some big panic about it that you're gonna shoot an eye out. Well, nobody ever shot an eye out because we made sure that we didn't shoot towards the head. [LAUGHTER] When they were building the houses, that's what was amazing, how fast they put these houses up. It wasn't a week or so to get a house started--it was almost a week and they had the thing almost done. And we used to go to different houses and have clod fights. Things like that that you don't dare do nowadays.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: When you had what kind of fights?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Clod fights. Clodded earth. We'd get behind stuff and throw clods at each other. And the snow then was two, three foot deep. Because I remember building snow forts in my yard three foot high and never have to go to the yard to get snow. So there has been a big change in the weather. And the shelterbelt, that made a big difference, because I remember when we had sandstorms--not dust storms, sandstorms. And my dad would pull his car up in front of the house to keep the sand from blasting the side of the car off--the paint. So there's been big changes. The shelterbelt was one thing the government put in that actually worked. It’s kind of surprising. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: That's great. Is there anything else? Anything else you'd like to talk about?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, not really. Just that the area behind--you know, in West Richland at that time used to be Heminger City and Enterprise. They were two cities then.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Okay, tell me, were those cities that predated the Hanford Project?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Yeah.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Okay, and how big were there?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Oh, they were just little communities. It was just one run into the other. There was one called Enterprise, one was called--what did I just say?</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Something city.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Heminger City.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Heminger City.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: One of the elections went out for voting, they had one of the places that you went to was called Enterprise.</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: And how long did those communities last after Hanford came?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Not very long. I can remember Dad going out to the first town—first little town was Heminger City. And that was right where Cline's computer shop is, it was automobile shop there. And those were all owned by one group--one person. I think it was--Herricks was the name. And she had a little taco stand in one of the places. And OK Tire Shop had part of the one building that they sold tires and did car repair out of. So it was a slow change in West Richland. We had a feed store for a while. But Hanford went on strike and our feed store went down the tubes. They used to have what they called parking lot critter sells. People would bring all their animals, little animals that they wanted to sell in cages. And we would sell them for them and get 10% of the interest. It was a pretty good deal, because a lot of people had pet rabbits and stuff like that and they wanted to get rid of them. Usually had them at the un-boat races. You heard of the un-boat races?</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Why don't you tell me?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: The un-boat races? You ever heard of them?</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: Why don't you tell me?</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Well, the un-boat race was you went up to the Horn Rapids Dam, and you put something in. It could not be a boat. It could be a bath tub, it could be inner tubes--it could be anything that you could see above that would float and it could not be called--it was called un-boat race. And there was a prize that they got down towards the bridge that crosses the Yakima there on George Washington Way. Got down about that far, there was a prize who got there first. But they ended up cutting that out because people left too much stuff—garbage alongside the road. They wouldn’t pick it up and take it with them when they were done with it. But that was a lot of fun. We used to stand up on the ridge. Always started about May. And we'd stand there and watch people come down the river on these un-boats. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p> </p> <p>Franklin: That sounds really fun. Anyone else have anything? Okay, well, Dan, thank you so much for talking to us today. I learned a lot of great stuff about Richland and waste encapsulation. I really appreciate it.</p> <p> </p> <p>Barnett: Okay.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Daniel Barnett Description An account of the resource An interview with Daniel Barnett conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by Mission Support Alliance on behalf of the United States Department of Energy. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item. Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 2016-08-12: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.] Subject The topic of the resource Hanford Site (Wash.) Richland (Wash.) Nuclear instruments & methods Nuclear weapons plants--Health aspects--Washington (State)--Hanford Site Region Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 07/13/2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities 225 B Encapsulation Building B Plant Hanford (Wash.) Hanford Site (Wash.) Hunting Nuclear weapons plants--Health aspects--Washington (State)--Hanford Site Region Richland (Wash.) https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F6d06e719ac9b9555c4f738a405f3502e.jpg a2598d933b17d283d40105588e7d7ddf https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F66d4925a2f29afc5b4b3d23f95a80a5d.mp4 5b50c149f78db5cd96a35569232c6bb8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Post-1943 Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War Description An account of the resource Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Laura Arata Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Vanis Daniels Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>Laura Arata: That’s the more comforting way to look at it. [LAUGHTER] Oh, are we ready?</p> <p>Man One: Yup.</p> <p>Arata: Oh, okay, so we're ready to get started. If we could just start by having you say your name and then spell it for us.</p> <p>Vanis Daniels: Vanis Daniels, V-A-N-I-S, D-A-N-I-E-L-S. And that’s the second.</p> <p>Arata: Thank you. My name's Laura Arata. It's November 14, 2013 and we are conducting this interview on the campus of Washington State University, Tri-Cities. So I wonder if we could just start by having you tell us a little bit about when you first arrived at Hanford, who you came with, where you came from, that initial experience.</p> <p>Daniels: Oh, boy. I arrived, well, let's say I arrived in the Tri-Cities. My dad came here in '43 and worked here off and on until '51 when he moved the family here. Now, between the time he first came here in '43, he, my uncle, and cousin of ours helped pour the first mud that was poured to start the B Reactor. And then, after that, he worked here off and on until '51, when he brought the family out. And I was just a little—barely a teenager when I came here in '51. I was a sophomore in high school. I was supposed to graduate in 1954. At that time, you had to be 17-and-a-half years old in order to graduate from high school. Well, see, I was just turning 16. So then when I got ready to graduate, the vice principal came to me and he says, you can't graduate. I said, why can't I graduate? He says, you're not old enough. I said, oh? What's that got to do would graduation? He say, you're only 16. You have to be 17-and-a-half years old to graduate from high school. Well, it didn't make any sense to me, you know, if I got the grade point and all that and able to graduate. And he say, well, let me ask you a question. And I said, yes? He says, if you graduate, what are you going to do for the next year and a half? I said, I don't know. He say, you're not old enough to get a job. Nobody's going to hire you. He say, so you're just going to be whiling away your time. I said, well, I guess. He says, I'll tell you what, I'll make a deal with you. He say, you come back to school next year. He say, because you're not going to be doing anything. He say, you can come as many hours as you want to. If you can find you a little part time job or something like that, you're free to leave to go and work. And you don't have any restrictions on you, you know, as far as having to be there every day. I told him, okay. So that's what I did. But that's when I really started appreciating school. Because up until that point, I had been an A student, but where I came from--I came from Texas, by the way. I was born in a place called Terrell, Texas, but that's all I know about it. We moved to East Texas, which is a little place called Kildare, which is right out of Texarkana. I personally lived in Oklahoma during those eight or ten years that I was there, and then back to Texas and then to the Tri-Cities here.</p> <p>But being from the south, I went to an all-black school, segregated. And I didn't know anything about interacting with other races. And when I came here, nobody gave you a—I wouldn't call it a crash course, but I'd say interaction—it has a name for it—But anyway, they just threw you into the school with everyone else. And you had to learn to adjust. Well, that can be kind of hard. And it can also be kind of devastating. So my grade point dropped, but not to the point where I didn't graduate. And I see some kids right now that I went to school with that--I see them every once in a while--and if they hadn't been there to sort of support me, hold me up, I might would have fallen all the way through the crack. I might would have dropped out of school altogether. But they were—let's see, one retired from Franklin County. I don't know what the other three girls did as far as work go. But for some reason, they sort of took me under their wing, and I guess boost my morale or whatever you want to call it. And I was able to transition in and go on and finish school. After I finished school, I tried for ten years, 12 years really, to get a job at Hanford. And for some reason, they didn't want to hire me. I went to Seattle, tried to get a job at Boeing. They didn't want to hire me. I have, later in life since I retired, I learned why I didn't get a job at Hanford or Boeing, as far as that go. The people that I thought would be my biggest asset became my biggest enemy as far as getting a job. Because when you're asked for references and you put people down, I asked them if I could put them down, I let them know that I was putting them down for references and all this stuff. But the things that they put down there hindered me from getting a job rather than helping me get a job. And I learned this since I retired. But needless to say, I worked construction. I finally got a job--an interview--for Battelle. Meissinger was his name that interviewed me. And I must've gone out there for an interview the better part of a dozen times. And every time I'd go, he'd tell me, well, we don't have anything right now. In June of '66, he called me for an interview and I went out. And I'm working every day, working construction, when you leave work on construction, that's when your pay stop. I had a wife and a kid by then. And I went out one evening because he told me, he said, I'll stay here until 7 o'clock. You get of work, you come out. I told him, okay. So I got off, went home, took a shower, when out, talked with him. And I think he was about to tell me that he didn't have a position, ‘til I told him, I said, let me tell you something. I said, now, if you're not going to hire me, tell me now because I can't keep making arrangements, taking off work and all that stuff, coming out here just to sit and talk with you. I need a job. He says, just a minute. I don't know who--he left the room. He went and talked with someone. When he came back, he say, when can you come to work? I don't know. Whenever you want me to. He said, can you come Thursday? I told him yes. So I went out on Thursday.</p> <p>They interviewed me, gave me a permit, which was a red badge at the time, to go to work. I started as a janitor in the 3706 and 3707 building in the 300 Area. They transferred me from there to Two East and Two West. From Two East and Two West, they gave me a job in what was called Decon at the time. We did all of the glassware, all of the pigs--which is not a literal pig. It's a iron cast. You know, you can get the gallon, half gallon, or quarts. And it contains radioactive waste on the inside. The pig is just to shield the radiation. And we handled all of the hot water from the 300 Area. So I worked in there for two and a half years or so. And we took care of all the waste, did all the filter changing and everything in 300 Area. From there, I went to 100-F, to inhalation toxicology. And inhalation toxicology is just a matter of inhaling and exhaling is what it is. But I worked with the dogs, which at the time, Battelle was doing an experiment on the effect that cigarette smoke had on the human body. We worked with beagle dogs because at that time, they said that the closest thing to a human’s physique was the beagle. A grownup beagle weighs anywhere from 15 pounds to I think the heaviest one we had was probably 47 pounds--which is a wide range for a dog, but the human anatomy is also a wide range. 15-pound dog would be equivalent to 130-pound man. A 47-pound dog would be equivalent to 350-pound man. And every three months, we sacrificed a dog. And we did everything from blood, urine, feces, muscles, tissue, everything. We learned everything we could about cigarette smoke on what effect it would have on the dogs. The dogs smoked two packs of cigarettes a day. Now, we had dogs that got addicted to cigarettes. And they were just like humans, chain smoke if you allowed them to. Then you had dogs that could not stand smoke, period, and they would fight it all the way through. But you had to give them the equivalent of two packs of cigarettes a day. Okay, we had hamsters that we shammed with cigarette smoke. We also did plutonium on them to see what effect it would have on the organs, on the inside of the body. And I worked in there until I got kind of fed up with supervision at the time because we weren't getting the raises that we should as far as finances go. And when you got a family you got to take care of, $2 just don't get it. So meanwhile, I talked with supervision and they say they didn't have money for raises. But yet and still, they're turning back money every year to DOE, which was set aside for raises. They just weren't giving it out. Well, at that time, they had what they call merit raises. And I worked second shift. I very seldom saw my supervisor. And so I asked him, I say, if I very seldom see you, I must be doing a good job. Because otherwise, you should be here checking on me to see what I'm doing. I later learned that one of the guys that worked in my department had told him that he had to recheck all of my work every morning when he came in, to make sure that I was doing it right. Well, see, that wasn't his position. He's an employee like I am. The other thing is that if the supervisor had just used a little bit of common sense, he would have known the man was lying. Because when you pull samples, the minute you pull the sample, it starts to decay. Now you would have had some variation in my results and his results if he's going to run my sample the next morning to tell me that I'm not doing it right. And he's getting the same results I'm getting. Something's wrong with this picture. Well, anyway, as it turned out, I told him I couldn't work for them if that's the way there were going to do things. So I quit.</p> <p>The day I left from out there, I went home and I was sitting at home. And thinking, boy, I just quit my job. I got to get me a job. I went up to my sister's house and my brother-in-law was home. And I said, what are you doing home? He say, today is Veteran's Day. And also, it used to be Election Day, the 11th of November. And he say, I'm off. And so we sat round and talked for a few minutes. He say, would you be interested in leaving Hanford and going to work someplace else? He didn't know I'd quit. [LAUGHTER] I say, why, sure. He say, I got a guy you need to go and see. He told me where it was and everything. And the next day, I went looking for it. I drove right by the office and didn't find it. I went back and when he came in from work, I said, I--he say, you passed right by it. He says, it's a little building. I says, okay. The next day I went, the guy that became my supervisor wasn't in. But the secretary knew who I was when I got there. So I didn't get to see him that day. But the next day, they told me what time to come back. I went back, I walked in the door. He say, so you're looking for a job. I say, yes, I am. He says, come on back here in my office. So we went back to his office and, meanwhile, he's talking and asking me some questions. He's saying, I know your brother-in-law real well. He say you’re a heck of a nice guy. I say, he did? You say, yeah. When we get in the door and he closed the door, he say, you got the job if you want it. But I got to go through the motion of interviewing you. I says, okay. So I worked there at the Tank Farm in Pasco, which we distributed petroleum products, fertilizers, and fire retardant for forest fires. And I worked there just two or three months shy of 16 years. I went back to Hanford after that and went to work for Westinghouse. From there, Bechtel took over. I became supervisor. I worked in every area out there, decommissioning all of the buildings, the outer buildings, the 105s, tore down the 103s, basins. You name it, we did it. Took care of all the asbestos, worked in the asbestos department of the Tank Farm. They're talking about, now, where the tanks are leaking and all that stuff. We took care of all the above ground asbestos and stuff there for them. And I worked there until I retired in '97.</p> <p>Arata: What year was this that you quit your job, your first job with Battelle?</p> <p>Daniels: In '71.</p> <p>Arata: And so then, what year was it that you went back to work at Hanford for Westinghouse?</p> <p>Daniels: '89.</p> <p>Arata: Okay. Well, it sounds like you had quite an array of jobs between all those sites.</p> <p>Daniels: I've done some more besides that. [LAUGHTER] I owned my own restaurant for a little while in Spokane out at Airway Heights. I went in the service. I was at my basic training in Fort Ord, California. When I finished my advanced basic, I had run into a captain. I didn't know him, but I knew his family from Pasco. And I was talking to him and I had been home on leave and I had seen his mother. And I was telling him that she was doing fine, I'd just seen her and all that stuff. And when I finished my advanced basic, he was there and he ask me, he says, I got several places you can go if you want to, he said. Which ones do you want? I could've gone to a special forces in Chicago. I didn't think I wanted to go there. It get too cold there for me. [LAUGHTER] I could've gone to Presidio in San Francisco. I don't like San Francisco. I could've gone to Germany. I didn't want to go at that time. I could've gone to Fort Lawton, or I could've gone to Fort Lewis. I chose Fort Lewis. So I went there. And I liked Fort Lewis for some reason, although we were in the field most of the time. But I'm an outdoor person anyway. We got transferred from Fort Lewis to Germany. At the same time, the Vietnam War was breaking out. They took all of our officers and sent them to Vietnam. They took all of the personnel that had six months or less left to do, they extended them a year and sent them to Vietnam. All of them that had a year or better to do went to Vietnam. I had eight months left to do, so I didn't have to go. But they sent me from Germany back to Fort Lewis. And I trained the Milwaukee National Guard because they had activated them to take the 4th Division's place when they sent them to Vietnam. And I was sent back to Fort Lewis to train the Milwaukee National Guard. Once I got them trained, I got discharged. Three weeks after I got discharged, I got drafted again. [LAUGHTER] But I didn't have to go. I didn't have to go. For some reason, they decided they didn't want me. And those were some of the jobs I've had and some of the things I've done.</p> <p>Arata: Wow, there's about a million things I want to ask you about but we have to start somewhere.</p> <p>Daniels: Well--</p> <p>Arata: I wonder if we can talk a little bit about kind of some of your early memories when you first arrived in the Tri-Cities area. And particularly, I'm interested in what your housing situation was like that and where you lived and what the community was like at that time.</p> <p>Daniels: Okay. When we first arrived in the Tri-Cities--coming from east Texas, where you got greenery all around you, you know, it's like the west side of the state of Washington--and coming here to the desert, you just sort of get a sickening feeling. [LAUGHTER] To tell you the truth. But if you were black, you lived on the east side in Pasco, where I still--well, I live northeast Pasco, now, but that's by choice. Anything west of Second and Lewis in Pasco, well, it wasn't off limits—it was off limits as far as houses go. The banks or anything would not loan blacks money to buy homes. The finance company—which, at the time, Fidelity Savings and Loans was the biggest one in the Tri-Cities--would loan you money to buy an old, raggedy car with interest rates so high. But that's beside the point. When we came, my dad tried to borrow money to buy a house. He couldn't get any. He found a house and the lady that owned the house sold it to him on a contract. And she let the bank, BV, whatever you call them, hmph. Anyway, he paid his payments to the bank. So, therefore, I guess they would be the proprietor or whatever you call them. And in the agreement was that if he was three days late with the payment, they could foreclose on it and take the house. And the house was less than $10,000 at the time. They never took it, of course. But then he would always make sure that it was paid on the date that it was supposed to, if he had to haul me out of school long enough for the bank to open to go pay it and then go on to school. But other than that, kids are kids. And kids aren't prejudiced. We all played together. We had baseball, we did</p> <p>Basketball, we had BB gun wars, which I don't know why some of us didn't get our eyes shot out. But we didn't. [LAUGHTER] And, let's see, you couldn't live in Kennewick if you were black. You didn't live in Richland because that was government and you had to work for the government in order to live out there. Well, up until probably '49, I think Mr. Newborn went to work out there in '49, which was the first black as far as know that ever worked in processing at Hanford. They only thing, blacks could work construction out there and help build it, but they couldn't help operate it, which—it still baffles me to this day, but that's just the way it was. Signs of the times, I guess you would call it and ignorance on a lot of people's part, as far as that go.</p> <p>Arata: So you graduated from high school, then, in Pasco.</p> <p>Daniels: Mm-hmm.</p> <p>Arata: Do you remember about how many students were in your high school and approximately how many of you were black versus the white students?</p> <p>Daniels: Okay. There were—let’s see—three? The high school was built for 600 kids, I think, 500 or 600 kids. And the day that they opened the doors, it was already overcrowded as far as that go. And that's the Pasco High School they got there now. I was the first graduating class out of that school. There were 107 or 108 of us in the graduating class. And I think there's probably 25 or 30 of us that I know of. In fact, I just saw seven or eight of them a couple of weeks ago. One of our classmates passed away.</p> <p>Arata: Do you recall any specific incidents, anything that stands out to you about your time. I'm curious, particularly about high school, because you've told us all these great stories about it--where race was an issue at Pasco High School when you were attending there.</p> <p>Daniels: Yes. There were maybe, at the most, 13 black kids when I went to high school. Most of them were underclassmen. There was a couple or three upperclassmen. We had football players, basketball players and stuff like that that were starters, what you might want to say were the star of the team. When they would have homecoming, the football players got to escort the queen and her court and all that stuff. Black kids couldn't do it. They wouldn't allow it. Some of the kids have since told me and another friend of mine that passed away that whenever one of them--because I was small, so I didn't play basketball or football--but anyway, if one of them turned out for football, they tried to do everything they could to hurt them. They didn't want them on the field with them. They didn't want to play with them. If any of the black kids got any type of award or anything, it was never given to them during assemblies or anything like that. If it was white kids, they made a big to-do of it and he got it on stage, came up before the whole school and got it. Black kids, they gave it to him as he was leaving school one evening or something like that. But this is faculty doing this. This is not the kids doing stuff like this. My vice principal and my shop teacher I ran into one day, oh, years after I graduated from school. They were hunting agates. And I stopped and was talking to them. And they actually apologized to me for some of the things that went on. The vice principal told me, he says, I am so sorry. He said, there are things that went on that I dare not tell or divulge--two reasons. First of all, I had a wife and kids that I had to support. And if I told them anything that was going to advance you, then I'd be looking for a job. He say, and I am sorry, but the community as a whole, well, it's like the council now, you know. They tell you what to do and you more or less jump and do it. Or like the government, which I think we all ought to vote everybody up there out, but that's beside the point. [LAUGHTER] It's just the way it was. And then I could understand their positions, because if you've got a wife and kids that you've got to support, you got to look out for them and you in the process of whatever you're trying to do. Now there's another way that it could have been done. But at the same time, they probably did what they knew to do. And that's one thing I never fault anyone for. If you don't know how to do something or to do something, then I don't fault you for not doing it. Now my brother, which you will interview next week, is probably the first black to have a job in a department store in the Tri-Cities, or at least in Pasco, I know. Well, he'll tell you about it. I won’t try to tell you about him. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>But those are some of the things that we encountered. We walked every day from the east side of Pasco to Memorial Park, which was the only swimming pool in town within the last year. And at that time, there was probably 5,000 to 7,000 people in the whole of Pasco. They had one swimming pool. You got 80,000 to 100,000 people in Pasco now. You got one swimming pool. [LAUGHTER] Doesn't make any sense at all. But we walked over there every day to play baseball and go swimming if we wanted to go swimming. There weren't any park other than Sylvester Park and Memorial Park was the only two parks in town at the time. Later, they put the Boat Basin in down there at Pasco. But when we didn't have any place to play, other than going over there, then we started making our own baseball diamonds in vacant lots and things. And as the lots would be developed, they would—well, naturally, they'd run us out because there wasn't enough room for us to play. So one evening, we didn't have any place to play baseball and we wanted to play baseball. Two blocks from my house, where I grew up at was Kurtzman Park. Well, actually, it's a block and a half. But it was just a vacant field. And we took shovels, a bunch of my friends and me, and we went out there and we cleared all the tumbleweeds out, took the shovels and kind of levelled it off, and started playing baseball. A lady named Rebecca Heidelbar happened to come by there and see us. I don't know exactly what period of time, how long we'd been playing there. And she stopped and asked us if we had a park that we could play in. We told her no. We told her the only park was Memorial Park. She says, mm-hmm. And she talked to us for a minute. She left. Well, we later learned that she was an attorney, her husband was an attorney, her mom was an attorney, and her dad was an attorney. And that was Judge Horrigan and his wife, and then their daughter Rebecca. And then she had married an attorney. So she came back and asked us to get as many kids together as we could and she would meet with us. And she did. And she went to the courthouse, found out who the land belonged to where we were playing. She helped us to draft a letter to Mr. Kurtzman, which she found out lived in Seattle and ask him to donate enough land for us to have a baseball diamond. Well, it took him the better part of six months to answer us, but he get back to us because I suppose he had to look into the legal aspect of it. He got back to us and told us that he could not give any land to a special interest group or persons. He would donate six acres of land to the city if they named the park after him. That's how Kurtzman Park came into an existence. And there's a letter someplace that we wrote him with my name right on the top of it. But in the process of this, we got the land donated to us, the city of Pasco, as far as the city go. The only thing they did to get that park in there was they gave some used pipe that they had laying around out there at what we call the Navy Base, which is out by the airport. And the black parents went out there and broke all this pipe apart and everything, took it down to the park, actually took shovels--we took shovels--dug the trenches for the water system down there, put the pipe back together, put the water system in. The city did seed it. They did plant the trees. And they keep it up. But the Kurtzman building has a park right in the front of it that myself, my cousin, Mr. Louzel Johnson put up, free of charge, right where U-Haul is on Fourth Street and Pasco now, used to be a brick place where they made brick blocks, your cinder blocks. And they donated the blocks. We did the labor and put it up. At first, they named the park Candy Cane Park. And then we had to let them know that you can't do that. That park got to be named Kurtzman or else we don't have a place to play because that's the only way he would donate it, so that's the way we got that. Where Virgie Robinson's Elementary School is now, on Wehe and Lewis Street, used to be what we call the lizard hole because you get off and then had toad, frogs, and all that stuff down in there. And we'd we go down in there and get those frogs and stuff out of there and bust them because that's what we did. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Arata: Just to clarify this, I just have this great mental image in my head of this group of kids running around playing baseball. Was that integrated at all? Were most of you African Americans? A little better sense of--</p> <p>Daniels: Well, what we did was, like I say, we lived on what we called the East side. There was a bunch of white kids that lived over there. Right on the north side of Lewis Street was enough white kids that they had two baseball teams. We lived on the south side of Lewis Street. We had one baseball team. And we played each other every day. [LAUGHTER] Yeah. We had a lot of fun. We played each other every day. In fact, one of the kids--I haven't seen him in years--but I was catching. And he threw a ball. He threw that ball so hard it--because I was using a board for the plate--and it hit that board and hit me right there. And I later had to have a hernia operation. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Arata: The scars of childhood.</p> <p>Daniels: Oh, yeah. We had a lot of fun. We played, like I say, we did BB wars and all that stuff again. I don't know why we don't have eyes out or something, but none of us ever did. Used to dig holes, tunnels. And I know you've probably read here in later years here, where kids are digging tunnels on the beach and all that stuff and then they collapse on them and they suffocate and stuff. I don't know why that didn't happen to us either because we'd dig as far as we could underground. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Arata: Wow, there's so many things I want to ask you about. If we could go back to your time at Hanford just a little bit. So you did have a bunch of different jobs over the broad course of time. Could you talk a little bit about sort of security, or secrecy, or safety, things like that? Did any of those things have a major impact?</p> <p>Daniels: Oh, yes. Oh, yes. Now security was at a point where that certain buildings, certain areas, you couldn't go in if you didn't have the clearance to go in them. One of the things that they especially emphasized was paperwork—security or classified documents and things. And documents was classified, like secret, top secret, and they had another one. But anyway, the way you knew which one was which was the border that was around it. Like, I think secret had a blue border. Top secret had a red border around it. Now, if you went in any building, and you saw that document laying anywhere unattended, you were to report it, stay right with that document until somebody of authority came and picked that document up. It wasn't supposed to be laying around any place. Again, if you didn't have the clearance, you weren't allowed in the buildings. They didn't allow you, even if you had the clearance, unless you had business in the building, then you wasn't supposed to go and fraternize and all that stuff, like, well, like first instance, my brother. The only time I went to see him or he came to see me was if there was an emergency at home and he got the message, he came and told me or vice versa. See, you just weren't allowed to do it. You were allowed in your work area to do your work and that's it. I worked all over. So I had a Q clearance. And I had a clearance for everything but the arms room. Now in the arms room, you needed a Q, but you also needed a chip. I didn't have the chip. I worked in the arms room, but I had to be escorted to the building. And then once I got to the building, I could go all around in the building, but I couldn't come out until my escort came and got me to bring me back out of the building. So there were security, and I can remember, for instance, where that DOE--which is what we call them now--actually right where Jackson's is now, down here on George Washington Way, it was a tavern. And DOE actually put people in there to watch and talk with people that worked at Hanford, got off work, stopped in to have a beer and stuff like that, just to see if they would divulge anything that was going on out there. So it was pretty hush-hush. You couldn't go past the wire barricade unless you had business out there. Again, like I say, there's not an area or a building I don't think I haven't been in. But that was because I worked all over the place. ‘Til this day, there are still areas out there that still classified. You know, they're declassifying it and cleaning it up. And I don't know how many acres they got now, but—no, I'll take that back. The only place I never did go was up on top of Rattlesnake. And I didn't want to go up there, because I'm afraid of snakes. And my brother-in-law helped put the telescope up there. And he say when they were digging and getting ready and there was plenty rattlesnakes. I said, I'm not going up there. And so I never went. [LAUGHTER] But any area out there that you can name, if you didn't have any business in there, then it wasn't a good idea to go. I can remember working, and you would look up--and they had environmentalists--and you'd look up and you'd see one way out across the desert someplace. And what in the world are they doing? Who are they? You had to go and get your supervisor or someone, or if you was in a vehicle, you went and you challenged that person. If they didn't have a badge, then they had to go with you. You held them some kind of way until they was identified, in some way or form. You just didn't walk around out there. When the Army was out there, they would do drills and stuff. And they would come in and several times—they finally had to kind of curtail that because we had guards out there that carried weapons. And some of them almost got shot, scaling over walls and going over fences and things like this. It was an exercise, but you going the wrong direction and in the wrong place without proper identification, so they had to sort of curtail that because you don't want anybody to get hurt.</p> <p>Arata: Right. I wonder, I know it's a little bit before your time working at Hanford, but JFK visited in 1963.</p> <p>Daniels: Well, that was before I started out there. I helped put the railroad spur in that he was supposed to come in on because he was supposed to come in by train. We finished the spur the day before he dedicated the steam plant the next day. It was so hot until I decided I wasn't going. So I didn't go. My brother took my mom and dad out to the dedication.</p> <p>Arata: Did you ever wish maybe you had gone, braved the heat?</p> <p>Daniels: Yeah, now I do. But back then, I didn't. I was sick of the heat.</p> <p>Arata: Sure. I guess when you think about overall and through all your different jobs, maybe you could talk a little bit about how Hanford was as a place to work overall and if there were sort of any aspects of your jobs that were more challenging or more rewarding than others? Anything that stands out?</p> <p>Daniels: Probably the worst part of working out at Hanford was the fact that when you worked inside the buildings, they had what we called recirculated air. You didn't get any fresh air. So it was always just sort of ho hum. You know, I always felt kind of drowsy all the time when I worked inside. Other than that, I think everything I did out there I really enjoyed. And I enjoyed being a supervisor. Although, if I had to do it all over again, I wouldn't have the job. But I had everything. All of the crafts worked for me. And that's electricians, crane operators, rigors, laborers, RCTs, the whole ball of wax. I was in charge of taking down all of the holding tanks, which, if you watch TV and you see this deal on there. This guy says he worked at Hanford for 21 years and now he's under this health care and they come out and visit him. If you watch it, you'll see three great big tanks in the back while that is on. In every area out there, they had those tanks. I took down all of those tanks in all of the areas out there and cleaned them enough that all of the metal was shipped to Japan. And that's the first time any metal, that I know of, was shipped of off the Hanford site to go anyplace except for the burial ground. But in the process of doing that, we started out doing it the way they that our RCT and everything said that we were supposed to do it. We cleared I don't know how many pounds and shipped them down here to Pasco. From Pasco, they went to Seattle and was put aboard ship. Well, before they left the Hanford area, they were surveyed to be cleaned. We shipped them down to the 1100 Area. When they left the 1100 Area, they were surveyed again. They shipped them down to Pasco. When they left Pasco to go to Seattle, they were surveyed again. When they got to Seattle, before they put them aboard ship, they were surveyed again. Got to Seattle, getting ready to put them on board ship, and they found I don't know, I'll say ten milligrams on one corner of one piece of metal. They stopped it right there. Everything that they hadn't loaded aboard ship they sent back to Kennewick. All of it. I was on my way home when it was on a Friday evening. And how they knew where I was, I have no idea, but they found me. I was in the Towne Crier down here in Richland. Guy came in. He say, I've been looking for you. I said, what do you want with me? He say, you got to go to work in the morning. I say, no, I don't. He say, yes, you do. He say, I got to have RCTs. You need to go and get ahold of Ray Jennings and get some riggers and O’Reilly, get some riggers, and crane operators, and all that stuff and we got to be out there are 8 o'clock in the morning. Says, oh. So anyway, we got it all done. I drove up out there probably at 7, 7:30 or so. We all gathered around and everything. Pretty soon, here come a guy that I've never seen before. He came in. He got out of the car, he came over, he spoke to everyone. He say, who's in charge of this project? I said, well, I guess I am. He said, well, I don't need you to guess. He say, either you or your aren't. I said, well, I'm in charge of this project. He said, come over here. He says, you haven't done anything wrong according to the RWP. He say, but we found some contamination and we can't have that. He say, so today, you are going to go step-by-step through everything that you did in order to release this metal. I told him, okay. So I call my RCTs, I get my riggers and everything. We get a panel out. And we lay it out for him. And you got to lay it out in feet, every square foot, you know, is a square. And then there's a certain amount of time that you should take to go over that square foot. And he watched us. He says, you're doing everything right if that's the way you did. I say, that's the way we did it. Well, I got the RCT head supervisor there. I got the rigger supervisor and everybody saying, well, this is the way we do it. He says, okay. He says, but how do I know—and I'll give you a for instance on what I'm talking about here—when you cut a piece of metal with a torch, you get something like the rim of this glass, where the metal actually rolls as it melts. He say, how do I know it's not contaminated underneath there? I say, well, I guess I really don't, except the instruments that we use is supposed to detect anything a quarter of an inch deep. He say, that's not good enough. He say, because some of that slag is better than a quarter of an inch. He said, have you ever heard of a Ludlum? Well, now, there's none of us out there that ever heard of a Ludlum, which is a radiation detector machine. We'd never heard of it. He says, well, that's what I want you to use. He was from Washington, DC, the Pentagon. [LAUGHTER] I said, uh-oh. But anyway, he says, I'm going back this afternoon. You will not survey or ship anymore metal off of here until I am satisfied that it's clean. I told him, okay. He went back to Washington, DC. This was like on a Wednesday. On a Monday morning, I had eight Ludlums. I'd never seen the things before. So I give them to my RCTs. And they had instruction with them. And the two kids live in Kennewick now, they read the instructions and everything, tried them out and everything. And then they became the instructors to teach other people how to use the Ludlum. Battelle has a program where that they have to certify all of the machines that are used on the Hanford site. Well, they didn't get their hands on these. So I'm working. I get a call from Battelle. And they tell me, say, Vanis, I understand you've got some machines out there that didn't come through us. I said, I don't know who they came through. But I said, they sent them to me. I said, so I got them. And I'm using them. You can't use them because they're not certified. I say, that's not what I was told. So I tell them exactly what I was told, who told me, where I got them from and everything. You got to bring them in here. I said, nope. I'm not bringing them in there. I say, I was told by the head from Washington, DC what to do. And that's what I'm going to do. Anyway, I had to go down and sit on their lap and talk with them, get them to understand that, hey, you can buck whoever you want to up there. I'm not going to do it. Well, anyway, they finally got it all squared away that they weren't going to get these machines and that I was going to use them because they had been overridden by Washington, DC. So then I got to get all that metal and everything cleared and it went to Japan. And one of things I can remember he told me before he left that evening, he say, you're doing a good job. But the thing I don't want is for one of my grandkids to get contaminated sitting up working on a computer where you have sent some contaminated metal and they made computers out of and sent it back over here. That was an interesting one. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Arata: I can imagine. And what year would that have been?</p> <p>Daniels: That would've been in '95 or '96.</p> <p>Arata: Okay. Well, I wonder if we could just wrap up. Obviously, the Cold War in this time period, kind of a very conflicted legacy. Most of my students were not alive during that time. So they have sort of a limited window into it. So I wonder of you could just tell us a little bit about, in your experience, living through and working at Hanford during much of this time period of the Cold War, just maybe what changed over the course of time, if anything in terms of—like I know the NAACP eventually came to Hanford at did some good work later on. Sort of what that experience was of living through that change.</p> <p>Daniels: Okay, one of the things that happened was in '68, I believe it was, about that time anyway, I was working in the 325 Building and Decon at the time. And I saw this gentleman, oh, for the better part of a week walking around. In the building, he'd always nod his head, you know, speak. I'd speak, go on about my work. Whatever he was doing, he'd go on about it too. My supervisor, one morning, told me, he stays, I need you to stay here, answer the phone. He say, take any work orders that come in. He say, and if you need to go and estimate a job, you know how to do it, go do it. I got to go to a meeting. I'll be back. I says, okay. So he went on to the meeting. And when he came back, he says, I told you something was going to happen. He say, heads are going to roll around here. I said, what are you talking about? He says, remember, they got all these blacks out here. I say, yeah. He say, 90% of them are janitors. I say, yes. He say, that guy that's been walking around in this building? I say, yes? He say, he's head of DoE. He's from Washington. And he's been observing all of the jobs, the people that are doing the jobs, the people that are in the jobs, the education that the people have, and the whole ball of wax. And he just told us that we got three weeks to start transferring some of these people into some of these jobs. He say, because you can't tell me you got that many black people out here and don't none of them have enough sense to do anything but janitorial work. He say, I know better. [LAUGHTER] So that's when they started diversifying and sending people to all different jobs and all that stuff. Because before then, most of them were janitors, I think. I got a cousin that worked in a lab, one supervisor, one operator—that was about it. Everybody else mostly were janitors. But, again, see, you're looking at an area when they start hiring blacks out there. Most of them had been here since the early '40s. They had worked construction out there and all that stuff. But none of them had ever been able to get a job in what I call production. They hired them all. They hired them as janitors. They were already elderly people. And when I say elderly, some of them may have been as young as in their 40s. But most of them only worked ten, 12 years, and they retired. They were that old. Some of them didn't want to do anything else except janitorial work.</p> <p>A whole bunch of the younger people actually went on and became Teamsters and electricians and pipefitters and all that stuff. But that was the first time that a lot of the blacks had ever had a steady job in their life. And they, in the run of a year, they probably made is much or more money than they ever made in their life because they had a steady job. You got a paycheck 52 weeks to the year, with a vacation, which they had never had before. So they didn't want to branch out per se, a lot of them didn't, because I know some of the people that I worked with, many have gotten in 12 years out there and they retired. They just weren't interested in killing the world at their age. They just weren't interested in it. We first went to hot standby they call it. In other words, hot standby is when you redo everything, you rebuild everything. You get it ready to go if you need to go back into production. Then they go from what they call hot standby they downgraded it to just cold standby. When they did that, then after about six months we went in, we start draining everything. This is all the oils, all the antifreeze if you had antifreeze, whatever you had that was liquid, we start draining all this stuff out of all the equipment and everything. You started taking out all the electrical stuff. And they had spent millions and millions and millions of dollars upgrading all this stuff. You've got engines, diesel engines just in case you had a nuclear attack or something to that effect that once the electricity went off, the engines kicked off and kept the reactors running. One of those engines is longer than this building is this way, and they rebuilt them all. And the only time they started, they just started them up enough to make sure that they were working and they shut them off. We drained everything out of all those engines, and then they took them out, and when I left they were still in the buildings. I think they've since sold them to someone, but that means that you can't start it back up. If you want to, you've got to put all new stuff in.</p> <p>Well, in 1943, when they built the B Reactor, when they started it, 13 months it was online. Try to build a reactor today. 40 years from now it won't be online. Because the government took and they put all of these entities into place. And it's a safety precaution as far as that go. But see they didn't put any restrictions on these people. And that's just the ecology, ERDA, all those people, they don't have any restrictions on them. And you get all of these in--if I hit you on the toe, don't holler ouch too hard--but young people are the worst in the bunch because the only thing they know is what they read in a book. And the book is just a guideline for you to use this up here, because there's no two things out there that's ever going to be the same. And DoE put young people in positions out here to tell people that have been working and doing this job for 30 and 40 years and they tell them what to do instead of coming out there asking some questions and trying to learn? Because the book don't tell you nothing. Do you cook?</p> <p>Arata: I do.</p> <p>Daniels: Okay. You go get a recipe, you fix the food exactly like the recipe says. It's not always good to you. But now if you are allowed to put your flair into it, then it's good, right? That's the same thing with a life. That's just the way life is. You've got to learn, and you do it by trial and error. And they don't have any business out there. I had a guy, 27 years old or roughly there, shut one of my jobs down. He did not ask the questions that he should ask. He just saw it and shut it down. You're not going to do this and you're not going to do that. Well, when you're talking to a rigger that's been rigging for 40 years, he know when he's in danger and when he's not. He didn't live that long by being stupid. Well anyway, it all comes down to not putting a barrier around where he was working. Well, he's got to be able to see the rigger down here, up here, and then he signals the crane operator. Well, if you can't see the rigger down in that hole, you can't signal the crane operator. And he shut my job down because this guy didn't have a barrier between him and the hole where he could look down in there and see the rigger. They shut it down. I had to go to a critique. And we talked about it and the rigger told him, he says, you don't have a clue what you're talking about. He said, you just shut a job down, he say, and you've got all these suits sitting up in here and making all this money and the job's still not done. But those are the things you have put up with, too.</p> <p>Arata: Absolutely. Well, sir, is there anything else that I haven't asked you about, any final stories you'd like to share?</p> <p>Daniels: I don't know. Maybe he got something he want to ask me. You got anything you want to ask me? I am just here. Just ask me whatever you want to ask me, and if I know, I'll tell you. If I don't, I'll say I don't know.</p> <p>Arata: I guess my one sort of follow-up question, we've heard from a couple other interviewees about having some definite run-ins with the KKK. Did you ever have any experience with the KKK in the area?</p> <p>Daniels: No, I never did. Now I do have a friend in Kennewick that tells me that they used to have meetings right up here on Jump-Off Joe. But no, I never ran into any. If I did, I didn't know who they were. Never had that experience, because we still might be fighting if I had. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Arata: I think that covers all my questions. I want to thank you so much for coming and sharing your stories and experiences with us. I really appreciate it.</p> <p>Daniels: My brother, he's got probably--let's see, I worked out there about 15 years all total and I think he's got 36 or 37 or 38, so he can probably tell you a lot more than me.</p> <p>Arata: We'll get him next week. We're looking forward to it. Well, thank you so much, Vanis.</p> <p>Daniels: Okay. You're welcome.</p> Location The location of the interview Washington State University - Tri-Cities Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:20:42 Hanford Sites Any sites on the Hanford site mentioned in the interview 300 Area 100-F 3706 Building 3707 Building 200 East 200 West B Reactor 1100 Area 325 Building Years in Tri-Cities Area Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site 1951- Years on Hanford Site Years on the Hanford Site, if any. 1966-1971 1989-1997 Names Mentioned Any named mentioned (with any significance) from the local community. Heidlebar, Rebecca Johnson, Louzel Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 230 kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Vanis Daniels Subject The topic of the resource Hanford Site (Wash.) Pasco (Wash.) Richland (Wash.) Kennewick (Wash.) Segregation Nuclear reactors Radioactive decontamination Nuclear facilities Baseball Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/14/2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 2016-08-04: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.] Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection. Description An account of the resource Vanis Daniels moved to Pasco, Washington in 1951 as a teenager and began working on the Hanford Site in 1966. An interview conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by Mission Support Alliance on behalf of the United States Department of Energy. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities 1100 Area 300 Area 3706 Building 3707 Building B Reactor BU reactor Hanford (Wash.) Hanford Site (Wash.) Kennewick (Wash.) Pasco (Wash.) Richland (Wash.) https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F28a2a31d0a10e6436fafce8d65fec651.jpg b9619b036e3525d491cc95915e251e35 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fb699b96eac222f7a141bc116875ae9d2.mp4 2afe44cc1de41ef0a133dfaf1f298ffc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Post-1943 Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War Description An account of the resource Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Douglas O' Reagan Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Maynard Plahuta Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Douglas O’Reagan</span>: Okay. My name is Douglas O’Reagan. I’m conducting an oral history interview with Mayn</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ard Plahuta on Thursday, I guess it’s</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—sorry, what is the date today?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: 28</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX227234824">th</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Is it the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">28</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX227234824">th</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">? O</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">kay. April 28</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX227234824">th</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, 2016. This interview is being conducted on the campus of </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Washington</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> State University Tri-Cities. I’ll be speaking with Mr. Plahuta about his experiences working on the Hanford site and living in the Tri-Cities. To start us off, could you please pronounce and spell your name for us?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yes. It’s Maynard Plahuta. Maynard is M-A-Y-N-A-R-D, and Plahuta is P-L-A-H-U-T-A.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Thank you. Just to start off, could you tell us a little bit </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">about</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> your life before you came to the Tri-Cities?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Okay. Well, I was born in a little old farming com</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">munity in Wisconsin—a little</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> dairy farming community. Big population of 200</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> people. Then </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I grew up there on the farm most of the time and went on to college. Went to</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> University of Wisconsin, first got my undergrad work, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">then </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">later </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I went back</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and got my master’s in business administration. In between those two times, I worked for General Motors, the AC spark plug plant in Oak</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Ridge</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—not Oak Ridge, I’m sorry—Oak Park</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, Wisconsin, which was the Titan</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> missile program for the Air Force, the guidance system—the gyro system. So then I went back to grad school and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">then </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">joined up with the Atomic Energy Commissi</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">on and was assigned out here at </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Richland.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: What attracted you to the AEC?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, I think part of it was the interest in kind of science and industry and all of that sort of thing. The people from Argonne Lab at the Chicago Operations office came to interview at the campus there. I and another fellow were invited to then go back to Argonne for a further interview, and I was one of the two that was selected to join. At the time, I didn’t know where I would be located. They asked, well, if you had a preference. We aren’t going to pick particular places, but if you had a preference, list the three sites that the Atomic Energy Commission was at that I would enjoy. So I said, well, of course</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the first one was at the Argonne Lab, close by home there. And I don’t remember which I put second or third, but it was either Richland, Washington or Schenectady, New York. I ended up be</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ing in Schenectady for a </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">while</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> basically</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. But I was as</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">signed out here at Richland, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> it was interesting because </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">he says, well, you know, this is not the western—this isn’t the Evergreen State. And I said, well, I learned that by looking up a little more information on Hanford out in the desert. So I came out here with the idea that probably these assignments would be for one year. Because we were on what they called the technical and administrative intern program. So, I was selected on that intern program, and said probably be there a year, an</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">d probably no longer, because we</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">’ll probably assign you somewhere else. Well, I came, and I was here until ’71 and then I went back to Sche</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">nectady for four years, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> came back and was here ever since.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: What sort of jobs were you working on then?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, initially—my graduate work was in</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> labor relations and in personnel</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> management and that sort of thing. At that time, they didn’t call it human re</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">sources, they called it personnel</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> management. So I </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">was, first year out here, probably in the personnel department for about a year. And then that’s when the whole diversification program started here in 1963 or ’64. And I was assigned to look at the unique </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">use permit and work for a fellow by the name of Paul Holstead who had the responsibility for all the lab op</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">erations as far as</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the Atomic Energy Commission was concerned. Th</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">at was very interesting. So that was all start of this</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> whole </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">arrangement with Battelle </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">being selected to operate the Pacific Northwest Lab. Now, at that time it w</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">asn’t called a national lab yet;</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> it was just Pacific Northwest Lab. And they had that particular use permit, which is no longer in existence, but it was a real ideal situation. And then that led into what they called the Consolidated Lab where they could do private work as well as the government work and all</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> of</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that. So I administered that contract, then, for a few years, or until I went back to Schenec</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">tady. Then I was back in personne</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">l management in Schenectady, though—labor relations area, under Rickover’s program, and that was very interesting. Then I came back here again in ’65 and was in personnel for a while but then back at the laboratory for a while. And I worked on that fo</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">r—oh, gosh, quite a few years, b</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ecause I had a total of 35 years i</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">n. But most of the time was with the laboratory, but then later on, I was asked to take over t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">he responsibilities for the DOE—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">a</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">t that time was already DOE—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">and the site infrastructure. You know, the roads, the utilities, the sewer plants, the warehouse buildings, the railroads, the—all the utilities, just like running a whole city. It was not the operations of those i</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">nfrastructure; it was more the capital </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">improvements and the projects that needed to be done. Either new roads or new utilities or whatever it might be. That was for—I don’t know—four, five, six years. That also included some of the relationship with the tribes in the cultural resource programs and that sort of activity. But then the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> other</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> manager asked</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> us, jeepers</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, you know, I would really like to set up something we never had here at Richland before. That was</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> sort of</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> a governmental relations program. So he asked if I would be willing to do that. So the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> last—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">oh, probably about the last six years of my career, I was in what they call governmental-congressional relations, dealing—almost </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">daily basis with congressional staff. Primarily congressional staff, some within the state government as well, and the local government, particularly in those sorts of things. So I retired doing that job in ’98.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">O’R</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">eagan</span>: Great. Let’s back up. Could</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> you tell us about this diversification program?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah, yeah. That was really interest</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ing, because what the idea was—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">hat is when General Electric</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> decided not to continue with their contract. Up until that time, General Electric had one contract for whole site operations. So the idea was two-fold. GE was not particularly interested in continuing doing that particular work, and the community was going through—yes, they still are—the diversification and further economic development for the community. So, there was a big effort there to break up the whole big contract into—I think it was five or six different segments. It was all up for bid, and various people were bidding for it. The laboratory, though, was separated as one of those segments. That was the first one to be authorized, and Battelle came in then operations in July of ’65. But up until—during that whole year, I was kind of working on part of the bid package going out and working on that. But not extensively. But then after the bid was accepted from Battelle, and they put an operation in, it got into this matter of doing this. The diversification program itself was dependent much on what these bidders would propose to supplement the economy here in the Tri</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">-Cities. In fact, that’s how this</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> WSU campus—you may be aware—was part of one of the contractors’ business, that they’d build this facility. Up until that time, GE had a little building down where the bank is—the National Bank down there by the Federal Building—and that wasn’</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">t built either yet—to service the program that they established, their educational program, which is very unique because there wasn’t really any nuclear engineering classes in universities—or very few. So they really brought tech people in and really gave </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">them a good background and education in nuclear operations and so on. Now, I said the Federal Building wasn’t built then. It was built then. It was in the process of being built when I came out here in ’63. So that diversification was </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">the spin</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">off of a lot of new types of business here in the Tri-Cities. I mean, Exxon Nuclear, which now later is now part of AREVA out here at the site, the fuel fabri</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">cation. That started out a spinoff from</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> some of the activity there. There was just a great amount of enthusiasm at that time, because</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I think</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> there was worries that the government will fold up and the city will kind of dry up and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">blow</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> away so to speak. So that was a very interesting period. There was some very interesting discussions, very interesting foresights of what might happen. A number of those didn’t survive. There were some things—isotope development was one at that time that was a little bit ahead of its time, I think. But there was—the airport was improved by that. What’s now the Red </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Lion in</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> town, but</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the Hanford House, it was called then</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, I think it was</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—no, Desert Inn. The Desert Inn at that time was a brand new building they put up at that time. So it was a different time, and rather unique type</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> of activity that was going on in this community at that time.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Were these discussions going on in the newspapers, or just sort of hand-shake meetings?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, they were pretty well open discussions about what they wanted. And there was quite a bit of </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">publicity</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> about the fact of what some of these contractors—potential contractors were offering. That was exciting for the people, because some of these were new developments. Like the whole campus here, an original building that was part of one of the contractors’ bids. And the hotels and the stockyards over in Wallula</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> over there, that was another one. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">nd</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, gee, I </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">can</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">’t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> remember all of them, but there were a number. I know the isotope development thing—the isotope separations, I could really say, was one that didn’t quite make it. But anyway, it was a period of time when people were looking forward into the future and what might come, and looking at different types of work, and not so dependen</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">t just on the government here. Now, o</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">f course, we’re still quite dependent on the government here, and that’s been—what, 30 years—oh, more than that. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">That</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> was 1965, so that’s been a long, long time ago. But a lot has progressed, obviously, from that time. I remember coming here—I wasn’t married at the time. I met my wife here. But, gee, if people wanted to go shopping, they’d either go to Walla Walla or Yakima or something. You know, there was nothing here. The mall out there wasn’t developed. It was—very little here to—and about the restaurants, you’d go over to Prosser to the Red Barn or something if you wanted a good meal. You could always find a hamburger shop here or something like that, but it was quite different then. Of course, my wife grew up here. She was only five years old when her parents came from Schenectady, New York with GE. She can remember—gosh, when hardly anything was going on, and families would just get together </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">because</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> they were from—god, all over the country. So many of them didn’t have any family here, so they created their own families, so to speak. But, yeah, that diversification effort was a great effort. There was much success, much success. I think a lot of what was learned there has been helpful and useful for the community. And I do have to give a credit, though, to Battelle and some of the forward-thinking that they did on what their operations were, very successful. And this Consolidated Lab which most people even in this community don’t understand or recognize, but it was very unique. There was a fellow that was with GE, went</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> over</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> with Battelle, of course, when they took over, by the name of Wally Sale. He was their finance director. Tremendous guy. He and Sam Tomlinson and the DOE—or AEC—I call it DOE, but it was the AEC then—were both very, very instrumental in getting this unique idea established and working there, where it was a fair amount of discipline and very good audit-type processing and very excellent means of </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">determining that everything was legitimate, so to speak. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">That the accounting was very precise. It was a unique situation.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: So you were still working with the AEC while you were working on that?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Okay. So they were—even though they weren’t sort of a bidder, or in direct—</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Plahuta:</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> No, no.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: They were still involved—</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah, they were the organization or the entity that was accepting these bids and proposals going out and diversify the area. That was—I should also mention, that was a lot to do </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">with</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> some </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">of the local community leaders here, though, too,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> was pushing this idea with the government that, no, we got to depend on more than just the US government to keep this economy going. So there were guys </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">like Sam Volpentest and others—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">B</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ob Philips and other people—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">who were working closely with our two senators. They were actively involved. Magnusson and Jackson—Scoop Jackson and Maggie. Very, very </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">obvious. And they both held very high level positions in the government at that time. I mean, they were—there was some thought for a while about Scoop Jackson even running for President. So they both were elevated in the structure of the politicians in the DC area. So, there was a great support there from our local state senators, particularly.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Mm-hmm. Right. So, while we’re still in this early period—you said you’d done some research before you got here. Did it match your expectations?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, yeah. I didn’t really have a whole lot of expectations, really. I mean, I knew that eastern Washington was quite dry, but I didn’t know quite a lot about it. I can remember, I was interested in geography when I was in elementary school, even, and knowing the Plains and the desert area, generally, and the wheat-growing area here, and that sort. But not too much—very extensive. Yeah, I think I surprised the AEC people out of Argonne when I says,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> well,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> yeah, I realized it was dry and a desert. They said, well, jeepers, most people think </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">of </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Washington as</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> just</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> being green, you know, the Evergreen State, and don’t even think about it possibly being a desert out there. And when I woul</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">d talk to some of my friends back</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> in Wisconsin as I was going out, the common words were,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> oh,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> you’re gonna be out there in the mountains and you’re gonn</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">a be out there in the greenery</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and all the evergreens. I say, no, no, I’m gonna be out there where the wheat grows in eastern Washington. Really? So I think that’s a misconception a lot of people in the eastern US have of Washington—eastern Washington, you know. They’re correct on the western side, but not on the eastern side. Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: What sort of housing did you live in when you got here?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, I roomed with a fellow by the name of Holland St. John. He was a teacher at Chief Joe Junior High here, and the tennis coach there. So I did that until I met my wife and got married, and we then lived in a B house—you know, the government B house, the famous [</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">UNKNOWN</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">], with</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the landlord on the other side—very friendly people, people originally from Tennessee, I believe they were. Just g</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">reat, great folks to be with. We</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> rented that until—because we got married in ’67—until I went back to Schenectady. And then when we came back, I bought a home here in </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">North Richland. Now, currently</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> live in a house that my wife basically gr</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ew up with. It was an H house. We r</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">emodeled the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">whole thing so it doesn’t look anything—all that was remained the same was the four outside walls and one wall inside. And we added on. Anyway, it was one of the government homes that I was originally renting an H house with this roommate. And then when we got married, I rented a B house</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. And the original H house was—Holland </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">St. John was one of the fellows, and the other guy was Sherman. We had the three of us, three single guys who were using that part where they—again, the landlord was on the other side. Wonderful people. That was kind of unique</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> because when I first came and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">went looking, I thought, this</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> A house, B house, that are for rent. I was like, oh, what’s an A</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">B or an H house, C house? But it didn’t take long to figure out, okay, tha</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">t’s just the nomenclature that was</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> being used for these various types of homes.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Right. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">How did you meet your wife?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: It was actually through church. There was group in our church—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">it </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">was the Christ the King Catholic church, and it was a singles group. That’s how I met her. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">So we got married and we</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">’ve had</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> four children. They’re all grown adults now, of course. And we have seven grandkids. Six of them are girls, and finally the one that came along is a boy—the last one. But my two daughters—two of my daughters live here in town with their family. And I got a son in Seattle and another one just south o</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">f Portland in Tualatin—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">suburb of Portland. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">They all—I’m very proud of—they all went on through college. One has got a PhD, the other two of them got a master’s degree. One—and probably the one that’s doing the best, financially, has got just a master’s degree. But the three girls and a boy, and my son has got his master’s out of Purdue in engineering. My one daughter, the youngest one, has got her degree out of Gonzaga in engineering. The other one’s got her PhD in gerontology and the other’s got her master’s in early childhood development. So they’re all doing well. So I’m quite proud of them—of course, as most paren</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ts are. You know how they are, p</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">arents. They always think their kids are the greatest</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> in the world</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. So anyway, that’s kind of where I came from—Wisconsin, and all the way out to the west coast and had not been really in the northwest prior t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">o coming out here. I had been in</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> California and some of those areas, but not in the northwest. You know, it’s an enjoyable place to live. But as a lot of people, as you know, here, some of them came for just a short time and they remain here forever. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I married here. So that’s probably the same for me.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Part of what we’re trying to document is sort of the social life around the area, too.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Oh, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Were church activities sort of a large part of your social life at that point?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah, quite a bit. And I was also involved, though—that was before I even met my wife, Yvonne. The little town I grew up in was quite a little interesting town as far as baseball. The area back there in these little towns would have their teams, and they’d play each other. So I was most familiar with baseball, and I had played baseball as a kid. So I helped one of the fellows who, just by coincidence, was also from Wisconsin, from the Milwaukie area. And he was coaching his kids in Little League baseball. So I helped out on that. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Then later on, when my kids got going in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">youth </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">soccer program</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and that was when youth soccer</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> first</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> started, I was quite active in getting it into the high schools and so on, because that was not very popular, not really—like the case of much soccer in the area. So I’m</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> on</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the Hanford High School support team—what do you call it? The—hmm, I can’t think of the title now. But anywa</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">y the supporters have their </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">support </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">efforts</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> to keep them going. So the social life was pretty much tied in with the church, but not exclusively.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Then we—there’d be these events we’d have. We’d go over to the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">coast or d</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">o things together, as a group—h</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">iking. Not as much hiking, probably, as visiting various locations and sightseeing and that sort of thing. So that was kind of pretty much—but the housing was interesting, too, because you hear these stories of people going, and when they get home from work, the earlier days, before my time, going into t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">he wrong house because they</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> got the wrong place. But I can understand that. I mean, it was quite unique. My wife has some interesting stories about how she grew up and talking about what was family life. Their family was way back in New York. They went back once when she was about five or—no, I think seven, she said. And she had, at that time, four sisters—I mean four siblings, and another one with her mother on the way in </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">her pregnancy. And took all the—tied into the car and drove all the way back. Spent more time going and coming than they did back there. But it was a case where she—in the case that they got to know your neighbors well, it was friendly, it was safe, everybody—kids all played out. Where we’re living now, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">we’ve got just that little funny</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> park in front of our place over by the river there. Her father was an accomplished skater, so he decided when he had an opportunity to get the house along the river here, that’s</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the one</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> he wanted to take it. Not realizing that not too many winters where there’s ice on the snow. But he was the state champion in New York City on ice racing. So he’s got quite a bit of medals and stuff. So she talks about the farm—I mean, the families that would get together on holidays and whatever. It was just a different type of lifestyle. I didn’t experience that myself, but it’s interesting just hearing her talk about those things.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">O’Reagan</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">: Yeah, we’ll have to bring her in at some point. We’re</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> trying to get as many people</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> who sort of grew up here for that as well.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah, she was only five years old and she came in ’47.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Okay. Yeah, we’d definitely like to interview</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> her at some point. Okay, so let’s see. You were working on the diversification stuff and then you went back to S</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">chenectackey—Ss-</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Schenectady.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Schenectady, yes. And then you came back in—I have it written down here.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: ’71.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: ’75.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: ’75, I mean. I left in ’71. April of ’71, back in ’75.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: And at that point you were working on</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—let’s see</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> here</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—the DOE</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> site </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">infrastructure stuff</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, or was that later</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Well, t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">hat was much later. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> was on the laboratory stuff.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: It was shortly after. About</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the first year or so was more in the personnel and that area. But then when this whole dive</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">rsification effort came forward.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> I think my master’s degree in business and all this kind of led into—and I did have quite a bit of educational experience in contract management and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">contract administration, too. I have that—I don’t know if that played a role or not, but it helped me, I know, in terms of—and it was a whole new type of contract relationship that this Consolidated Lab and the use permit and all that had. So it was unique and interesting just from that standpoint alone. So yeah, at that time up until ’71, it was there, and then came back, worked in the personnel area, in the Rickover program. That’s an interesting story, too, because Rickover was a unique individual, very unique. But his staff was made up of military men, contractor people, and DOE or AEC at that time. And there w</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">as no distinction. I mean, you would</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> have a contractor person right along with you and so on. He considered it all just one. It was very unique</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> in terms of the contractor and working relationships. But yet, what was so familiar—you could have these working—I shouldn’t say one </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">by one, it would be even office</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">s or something. But yet, he was very instrumental in saying, I don’t want any social activities between you. So as much as going to the cafeteria at noon, there was a section where the AEC people sat, and another whole section where the contractor people sat. And the military guys could be with either one, but they would—the military people were associated with AEC office—the civilian people. So in that office, there was no distinction whether you were military or a civilian. But in the contactor side, of course they were all civilians.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Is that an anti-corruption effort, or--?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, yeah, and I guess avoiding any kind of potential conflict of interest and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">friendships, so that you got pretty soon with somebody, well, I’ll do you a favor, and vice versa. Very, very, very strong on that sort of thing. But yet, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">he himself seemed just one team. It was just like a football team—you’re the receiver and you’re the lineman. You</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">’ve</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> got different jobs. It was unique, and there’s some interesting stories about Rickover, too, but I won’t get into those. But those are very interesting times.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Did you ever get to know any of the contractor people?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Oh, yeah. You would know them on the business side. Definitely. Oh, yeah. You’d work with them every day. Some more, because if it was in your area of responsibility, certainly, you’d be working with them. But, boy, not socially. There was no—I mean, that was a voodoo if you had any social-type activities with the contractors. That was not to his liking. That makes sense, I mean, it would just avoid any possible conflict of interest and that sort of thing. It was an interesting time. But it’s kind of like a lot of people say. I went into military,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> I’m glad, but I’m glad I’m out</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. It’s kind of that sort of same analogy. But it was a great experience.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: What was Rickover’s title?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Rickover? Admiral.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">O’</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Reagan</span>: Admiral, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Admiral Rickover, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: So what was his exact sort of authority within the—</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: He headed up the whole nuclear navy.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Oh, I see.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: He was really up there. And in fact, when—I think—which President was it? Maybe it was Kennedy—no, it wasn’t Kennedy</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">it</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> was after</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. Anyway, when he was giving some kind of address </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">somewhere, he recognized—I know, I’m Rickover’s boss, but really we’re all—Rickover’s my boss. And that happened with Schlesinger, too, when he was appointed the head of the Atomic Energy Commission, when he was there. He says, oh, yeah. And he made the same kind of remark. I don’t know if it was those exact words. But Rickover was a very powerful individual in terms of his authority. He was kind of all b</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">y himself, because, again, the nuclear n</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">avy was unique, and so he was a brilliant man. There was no question about</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> it. He would pick just the top-notch-</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">quality technical people that he could to run his program. The safety was so important to him. The wellbeing of all the military people, and the people who were in the submarines and that sort of thing. So he was really great. But he had a unique way of operations, there was no question about that. He was a strong, strong individual.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: So this period you were working in personnel is also, I understand, the period where you started having more women and minorities being hired on at the Hanford area.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: That</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> is true. There</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> was a big emphasis—the period—and following my part of the end there, but in that timeframe of particularly on the college campuses and recruiting minorities and women, which is good. But there was extreme interest in finding qualified minorities and women. There was certainly emphasized that it was—and that’s great. I mean, I go back and think in my thesis for my master’s degree in business administration, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I made some statement then, makes</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> me sound almost like a</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">n</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> anti-feminist now. But I was saying we really got to get more women into the technical side, but I wasn’t thinking far enough. We really think a lot—we don’t have many women technicians and stuff. So I was—at that time—thinking, oh, gosh,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> they could be technicians. And not even thinking ab</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">out being engineers, you know, g</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">tting their PhD in engineering. B</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ut at least, let’s—so I started out just—it wasn’t a matter of discrimination, where I said they should be technicians, because there were no—but I said, jeepers, let’s work on that. I had much of my emphasis—because my emphasis in my PhD was the shortage of technical people in the country. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">That was after Sputniks and some of those things going. We really needed development, work hard and see what we can do to get the people interested in getting into the math and sciences and that area. Some people kind of looked at me, you want women to be technicians or something? Yeah, but—you know. Now, I think, boy, I’d be discriminated—I mean, not discriminated, but considered, yeah, you’re very limited in </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">your scope. You should be</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> much broader than that. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Yeah, that was a time when the Sputniks went off and these others, and we were quite behind and Kennedy wanted to get to the moon. And that, though, when I was in, was quite a bit later than that. Not quite a bit, but somewhat later, and the emphasis on trying to get minorities and women as much as we possibly could.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Mm-hmm. So it didn’t—how—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">did it shape your work on personnel at that point, I guess--?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, I don’t know if it shaped it so much, but back to my word of emphasis, to see if we really seek out qualified people. And not that they needed, necessarily, to have had extensive training, but look at the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ir</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> overall education experience and how well they were doing in school. In other words, that they were capable of picking up some of the technical</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">nd whether they had that already knowledge was not quite as important as looking at what’s their basic—I don’t know, I guess I could say basic intellect—but their ability to really take on some of these things. It was not hard to find that. I mean, that doesn’t—I don’t want to imply that the women or minorities didn’t have that. They certainly did. But I think a lot of them, maybe themselves, didn’t realize that they really could do that, that there was no reason why they couldn’t. </span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: I was speaking with a reactor operator in a previous interview who had a degree, I think, in</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> forestry or something non-sort-of-</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">nuclear, but was still able to become a reactor operator. Was that sort of common that you saw, too, people moving into new fields to get on the Hanford site?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: That was not unusual, no. And that was particularly true—and I noticed you ta</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">lk I was being on—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">with Rickover’s submarine program—we would hire then people who—and that happened out here awful lot—wh</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">o had gone through the nuclear n</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">avy and were nuclear operators. We had a number of those people that didn’t want to stay in the Navy, but we hired on his staff—on Rickover’s staff—in our local office there at Schenectady. Now, that was a small office. The office was not very big. It was relatively small. But we hired a number of those people, and they were good, because they—and many of them had not gone to college yet. They got out of the Navy, they went to college, and then came back. I mean, I remember recruiting two or three or four of those types. And we recruited basically around northeast area, because we were in Schenec</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">tady, in some of the schools around</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> there. Plattsburg, up in northern—which is a civil engineering school up in norther New York, and a number of areas there where we would find students who—not a lot of them, but who had gone back after they got out of service and didn’t want to make it a career, and got their degrees. Some would be in the technical fields; some would not be, necessarily. But most that we hired had degrees in some form of engineering or science or whatever.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Okay. So you were working with the nuclear navy program after you got back from Schenectady—pronouncing it again.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: No, it was at Schenectady I did the nuclear program.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Oh, I see</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, I see</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">It’s at Schenectady. So I was here, then went to Schenectady for four years—not quite four years—three-and-three-quarters. And then back here again. And that’s when the diversification effort came about, when I came—no, no, no,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> I’ll</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> take that back. That was back when I got back into some of the other Battelle work again, after I came back. The diversification was prior to going to Schenectady.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Okay. So then were you working for Battelle or were you still working for AEC?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: No, I always worked for the government, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">always. It was AEC, and then</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> a short period of time, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">it w</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">as—what did we call it, even? There</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> was a two-year period between AEC and Department of </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Energy</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Research</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and Development Administration, I think. Yeah, that was what it was called—Research and Development Administration. And then it became—Congress passed it and developed the Department of Energy. And when they developed the Department of Energy, it expanded a little bit and took in, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">like</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Bonneville</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Power out here was part of that, and a number of activities like that. More than just atomic energy, and that’s when it got a little more involved in</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> laboratories and other forms of—quite a bit. Whether it be climate—today it’s climate change, or climate sciences, as it’s called, and other types of activity. More than just the nuclear itself. But there’s a misconception</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> when </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I say nuclear itself, this, as you’ve probably learned and know, that there’s all kinds of work that dealt with biology and the uptake of radioisotopes and all of that sort of thing. And we had the animal farm out here with the smoking dogs and the miniature pigs—miniature swine, and all of that activity. And then when I was administering the Battelle program and the Pacific Lab, I was also involved in a lot of interagency work. So I was—in fact, one of my responsibilities there was working with all the other agencies in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">interagency agreements. And that meant </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">that </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">works like NASA and National Science—al</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">though they didn’t have a lot</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—the NRC, and EPA and others would have work done at the lab. And that would be not DOE work or AEC work, but it was their particular </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">responsibility. But they had the cap</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ability and knowledge out here to do that</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. So there was a lot of that. In fact, I was involved in the whole setup of the LIGO</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> facility out here, working </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">with the National Science Foundation. And they had no knowledge of this—had to kind of guide them by hand as to what kind of arrangements they w</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ould have between the two agencies</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> for them to use the Department of Energy land out here and their facility and all of that sort of thing. So from very early on, I spent somewhat—a fair amount of my time working with the National Science Foundation to getting the establishment of the LIGO facility out here. That was rather a long interesting experience, too, and all the unique th</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ings that went on doing that. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> I just have this—even though I’m not a scientist or engineer by training, I have this kind of innate interest in science and engineering. That was what was so exciting about administering the lab contract, to see the whole variety of activity that goes on out there at the lab. And even, I think, the majority of the citizens of Richland and Tri-Cities do not understand, fully, the broad spectrum of knowledge and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">exposure to all elements of the nature of science and technology that’s available out here to the lab, and what all these experts they have in those all wide spectrum of activity. </span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: In your experience, how kid of secretive </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">was</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> any of this work? Was it all kind of out there? Was it kind of compartmentalized?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, there was a lot of secret-type st</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">uff, but there wasn’t as much of</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that, I don’t think—now, I didn’t get involved too much in the production—in the plutonium production. Because the laboratory wasn’t so directly involved in that. That was the big load from the local office, was producing the plutonium, getting that back, and doing all of that sort of thing. The lab was supporting that, and doing that in the nuclear aspects of nuclear science, but there was a lot—an awful lot of work t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">hat was not secret. Now, they</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> also were</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, though,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> heavily involved in many of the secret-type stuff. That relates primarily to their strong capability in detection—detecting things. I mean, you’re probably aware that the first moon rocks that came from the moon were here at the site, at the lab, to analyze those, to look at them, what was all made up of? The very first, first exposure to the moon rocks was right down here that Federal Building, anywhere in the United S</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ates that they were shown. That was quite a deal, too. So they have this tremendous capability. Th</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e labs were one of the first—this</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> lab—the first to detect that </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Saddam </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Hussein had used chemical warfare for the Kurds back there, and that was way back time. Tremendous, and some interesting stories of how they collected some of this stuff and how they got these samples. I don’t know if we want to get into it. It was really, really interesting activities in that sort of stuff. Some of the things—it’s not classified anym</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ore, but </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">the people out at the lab or </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">some of these guys</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> would go over to Hong Kong, and they’d just brush against somebody </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">to get a hair off of somebody that </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">[UNKNOWN</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">] just get a sample. Or a little dust and dirt came off their shoe, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">they</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> might pick it up or something. Just the most minute quantities of things, and being ab</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">le to analyze and determine. This</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> laboratory out here was the first to decide how big the bombs are that China was dropping, to get the size of those through the air samples and all of that. There’s just this broad knowledge, or capability</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> I should say, in detection activities out here. It’s just amazing. And they’ve kept that up in the same way with their r</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">adioisotope program—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">the medical isotopes program. So much of that that many people don’t realize of all the spinoffs and benefits that have come from the knowledge that they gained. The first CD was developed out here at the lab. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Much of that. I’m really interested in reading, now, Steve Ashby’s reports bimonthly in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Tri-City Herald</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> about some of the activities going on at the lab. And I </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">miss</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that. I used to get real knowledge about what they’re working on. Of course, it’</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">s been 18 or 20 years sinc</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> I’</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ve done that, but that was always fascinating, some of this advanced science and some of this stuff that was really—and a lot of it was development and a lot of it wasn’t. But they’d run into some dead-ends. They’d later on pick it up again, somebody would discover something else, and they’d finally go forth with it.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: When did it become a national lab? Do you remember?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: God</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, I don’t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> remember the year that</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> was</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. God, I should know that.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: I’m sure we can look it up.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah, we can look it up.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Was that while you were working?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Oh, yeah, yeah. It was—god, why should—because that was a big event. And we were pushing quite well at the time to try to get that done. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Yeah. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Golly, that just escapes me. I’ve got to—now that you mention it, I’ve got to go back</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and check that out and see when</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> it was.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: What was involved in that?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, it was basically—I don’t want to call it a political decision, but it was basically, I think, recognizing the scope of activity that the labs were involved with. There wasn’t a great urge by the Washington, DC people or any to readily accept that title. I mean, it means a lot. So it was really a lot of background in what the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ir</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> involvement, and what type of work were they involved with, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">and what depth</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> were they involved with and what types—and really focusing a lot on the basic science and that sort. And that’s where I think this lab was a little late</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">r than others, because this lab, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">up until the later times, was more of a support lab on production activities and not quite so much in basic. Now there was some basic on the real basic physics and something to deal wit</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">h reactor operations. But they </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">evolved and grew into this more basic science in a broad spectrum. I think that was one of the criteria. Now, I wasn’t involved in that decision at all. But my understanding is one of the criteria of establishing is that they got a well-established basic science capability. It’s not just specialized in one area or something. That’s where I think this lab was one of the later ones to be</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> recognized as a national lab, b</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ecause they built that up. And one of the things, too, that there wasn’t much knowledge of, because the production was such a secret thing, that that did</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">n’t get much publicity or get</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> papers written about it, and so on. So unfortunately the people that were working on that didn’t get the opportunity to have their findings and whatever presented to the whole world at national conferences and things like that. And that was also true, by the way, in Rickover’s program. Rickover was very cognizant—he was so afraid that the communists had this and that. So that was one of the real issue—there was basically almost the technical people at the capital laboratory</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, the Knolls Atomic Power Lab</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> in Schenectady</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, almost unionized because they really felt that they were being shortchan</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ged. They couldn’t give papers</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> at technical conferences and stuff because Rickover was always afraid that you might reveal something that w</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">as highly secret about </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">how to run a reactor and all that kind of stuff. So I think some of that same sort of information or background was kind of holding this lab back</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> because they just didn’t get the publicity in the scientific world, that their discoveries and their knowledge and their ex</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">periments and so on were well-known</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. And I think that helped, because the people in DC who were more knowledgeable of that found that to be a quality that was great for being recognized as a national lab. But a national </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">lab, again, was the idea</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> with broad spectrum of research. So that’s my take of it. You may talk to somebody else and they probably have a whole different presentation in terms of why or how and what was all involved. But just being on sort of the sidelines when that happened, that seemed to me to be what was the key point in helping determine. But there was some political push, no question. I mean, Maggie again, and Scoop—I think that was when they were on, and some of those. Why are you shortchanging us out there in the northwest? And we don’t have—that was the other thing, there was no national lab in the northwest. There was Livermore down in California, Los Alamos, Oak Ridge and Brookhaven. But why are you guys leaving us out in the north? And that was more form—not the science or technology, but</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> well, don’t treat us as second class citizens. Our lab </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">up there is as good as yours. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> there was some of that out there</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> too.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Did it impact your work, when it changed?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: No, I don’t think so. Well, I shouldn’t say that. One of the things </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">that did happen in that regard—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">and I mentioned earlier about these interagency agreements a</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">nd the capabilities of the lab—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">that stimulated more of that. Because I think being—once you’re recognized as a national lab, it just goes along with the credibility that might be associated with the work they’re doing. So I think that resulted in more of this interagency work with the various other g</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">overnment agencies. What it</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> also did—and that was probably the most key element—is bringing in the tie with universities and so on. That was really—and locally, here, that was one of the interests of the people with the lab. They would really have liked to get more—and by the fact being recognized national lab, allowed the universities, and particularly some of the ones heavily involved in the science and engineering, would tend to favor going to a national laboratory. And the research that they were doing in cooperation with the lab itself was more significant</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> more meaningful to them. So I think that was probably one of the biggest benefits of becoming a national lab.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Yet Battelle </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">as an organization bac</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">k in Columbus and others, t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">hey had a good reputation already of working closely with universities and so on. I mean, they were a research organization. And I think that also helped, too, because Battelle was operating this, and so the people who made these decisions realized that you have a topnotch research company—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">foundation</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> there, t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">hat that’s their whole world. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> I think that also helped in getting it. And certainly the lab pushed for that. There was no question</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> a</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">bout it. They wanted to be recognized as a national lab. So there was a combination of these things, I think they all kind of helped and worked together and made it happen.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: So when was it that your work with PNNL shifted over to the next role?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Oh, yeah. Well</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, let’s see. T</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">hat was probably in more the early</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> ‘90s. Where—yeah—because—yeah—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">early ‘90s is when I start going in there. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">So most of my career was with P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">NL and</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> some of the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> labor relations. But early ‘90s, when I got into the infrastructure deal and doing all of that, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> then</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> later the last five years in the congressional and governmental relations activity, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Could you tell us about the infrastructure work?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah, that was quite interesting. That was frustrating. And by frustrating I mean, there was always—well, let’s not fi</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">x it until it’s broke. Oh, gosh, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">we used to have some—because it was still working. And particularly that was more emphasis as the role of the site here of not producing plutonium anymore—well, then do we need to keep it? Let</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">’s see if</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> it</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> can</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> limp along. Well, what it ended up, in my opinion, a lot of times, we paid a lot more by trying to fix things afterward. We didn’t really have a good preventative maintenance program. Finally got sort of </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">a preventative maintenance, but—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">it </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">was tough. Because there was always </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">this thing—there was always a great need of doing this thing, and jeepers, we can’t use the dollars there; it’ll still work for a while. I didn’t have the responsibility for the day-to-day operations of it. That wasn’t mine. Mine was the upgrades and the ca</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">pital equipment and all that. Whether</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> we need a new fire station or whatever it may be. And jeepers, the thing was just limping along on a thread, and something would break. But then we ended </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">up spending a whole lot more. That</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> was somewhat frustrating. And the guys that I worked with on the contractor sid</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e had the same experience. But s</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ome managers were a little more cognizant of the need to do that than others. And safety—the way we could get things done—[PHONE CHIMES]—was safety more. Because if we could show that there was safety-related issues that went along with it, it was easier to get it appropriated or funded, rather than say, well, it’ll still go along. And that’s the way we often would get something funded, was, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">could</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> show that we really don’t want to jeopardize the safety of the employees or the workers and that sort of thing. But it was not simple. It was pretty difficult. It was always kind of bucking the tide for funding.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Right. That reminds me—so, you were still working at PNNL when the—</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, I wasn’t at PNNL; it was DOE.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Right, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">yeah, okay. B</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ut back during the time when sort of the reactors were shutting down and the transition to sort of amelioration and cleanup got started. Is that correct?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah, but that most of the time was with PNNL, still. But it was in ’89</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, is</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> when the real decision was made. So it was shortly after that that I got into</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the infrastructure and that’s where it became hard then. Because we weren’t operating with the mission anymore. Yet you knew darn well that cleanup is going to be here for a long, long time, and why not get these things going so you don’t spend t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">wice as much starting all over </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">new, with something when you could just really do some work at that time to keep this thing alive? This thing, being—whether it be a sewer plant or whether it be a steam plant or fire</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">station or electro distribution system or a railroad or whatever it might be. Because</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> at least I could see</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, it was cheaper because cleanup</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">’s gonna last for a while and you need this infrastructure whether your mission is producing the plutonium or whether it’s cleanup. Soon we got </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">some</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> of the people </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">saying</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, yeah, you’re right. But the guys who were doing the cleanup then, too, saying, oh, god, we’ve got so much work to do, we can’t afford to do this. It’ll last another year or two. Let’s fix it next year or upgrade it next year. The evaporator out there is a good example. They finally did it. But there was things earlier they probably could have done to increase its capability and do a better job. And finally they say, yeah, I guess that’s right, we should do it now because we’ll need that thing for god knows how long yet.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: What was it like living in this area around ’89 when the shift happened?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, it was a surprise, I think, to a lot of people. Kind of like, oh, gosh, here we go again. That’s when this whole activity—and I wasn’t involved in, but with the B Reactor Museum Association really got its birth when they were saying, we’re shutting down the reactors and going there. But the attitude was, or</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the feelings was that, jeepers, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">it was just doomsday basically. And not fully understanding the scope of work that needed to be done in the cleanup area. It was very little attention being paid to the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> depth of that need at the time.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> I don’t think there was much knowledge—excuse me—or basically understanding of how important and significant that’s going to be. So it was a change in times, it certainly was.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Do you think a lot of—or were people sort of in your area worried about their jobs? Or was that, you</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> felt</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, sort of separate from the plutonium production?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, I–y</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">eah, I wasn’t too involved in that sort of aspect. But, yes, the community had a concern. And that kind of coincides with </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">the big problem out there that’s now Energy Northwest, but the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">shutdown of those new </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">power reactors. So that kind of came together at the same time, and that was really a shock for the community. It was—you know, a lot of people would leave and say, jeepers, I got to go find something else before I don’t have a job at all.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Right. So in the last couple of years before retirement, you were working on the congressional relations?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah, yeah, about five years.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">O’Re</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">agan</span>: Can you tell us about that</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> work?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Plahuta: Yeah, about five years prior to</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> retirement. Five, six—something like that.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> I don’t remember exactly when.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> That was very interesting, too, and you got another scope of</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> how things got done. I got to </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">a point where I was having daily discussions with particularly Patty Murray’s staff and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">prior to that, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Doc Hasting’s staff—staff members. Not that much with the senators or the congressmen themselves, but primarily their staff, and working with them. And somewhat with the state</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> offices, but not extensively. And then more with the local communities—the mayors—the Hanford communities group there. That was quite regularly—and the emphasis that we placed then, I’m not sure still exists, but really wanted to tie in closely to having the local government—the mayors and commissioners and so on—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">knowledgeable</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">of </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">what’s going on out here at the site. So there wouldn’t be these sudden surprises. That was the role that John</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Wagner at the time</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> was interested in, and that’s when he asked me if I would be</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> willing to</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—it was a new </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">position he was establishing. He just wanted to maintain a close relationship with what’s going on at the site, and I </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">don’t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> know if that’s—I shouldn’t say—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I don’t know if it’s the case now, but I don’t think it’s quite the same as what John had in mind and what I d</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">id for those five, six years. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> when I left, then, they kind of—when I retired, it kind of was sitting in just ebbs there—ups and downs—and it’s probably back more to that way. I really don’t know.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Sure.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: But shortly after that, too, then, I got on the Hanford Advisory Board. So I had kind of a knowledge about what was going on at the site. So I was very active in the Hanford Advisory Board for quite a few years—for like 15 years or so. But I got so much involved in the B </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Reactor thing that I said, gee—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I didn’t feel like to just go to the meetings and not really contribute a whole lot. So I thought I’d just give up and retire at that point in time, and I found someone who I know real well who’s capable to take my place. I was representing the county most of the time—sort of an alternate representative for the City of Richland first,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> but then later for the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">county</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> most all the time. I </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">wanted</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> to be sure that—and I did find someone who was very, very, well-involved and informative to take my spot there for the county </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">commission</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> now.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: So </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Okay. So before we move on, can you tell me—what was the Hanford Advisory Board?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Oh, that was established—gosh, I can’t remember exactly when, but it’s made up of about 30 different entities—representatives of those entities. It’s statewide and it includes some of the Oregon people, the tribes are on it, most of the government—city governments and county </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">governments</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> are represented. There’s total—like I say, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">about</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> 31. They’re a formal advisory group to the Atomic Energy—Atomic Energy? I’m really going back now—to the DOE to uncover and discuss various elements of ongoing work. And you probably see quite a bit in the paper</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the Hanford Advisory Board meets on a monthly basis—no, I shouldn’t say that—about every other </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">m</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">onth. But then they’ve got committees </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">underneath of it like </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">the Tanks Waste Committee and the River Plateau </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Committee</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—there’s five different </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">committees</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. I chaired a couple of those </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">committees</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> a couple times, and vice </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">chair</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and so on. And they provide some advice—written advice to the—and it’s—oh, I shouldn’t say it’s just DOE. There’s three </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">parties to this. It’s the State Ecology Department, the EPA, Environm</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ental Protection Agency, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> DOE. So the three agencies are involved in this. They provide—can be anything regarding to the Vit Plant out here now, the tank vapor things—so many different activities. They write formal advice and discussion. It represents all sides, basically. Those that are pro/con, what are the proper words, or whatever you want to say. But it’s a wide representation of the general—not local community necessarily, but the state concerns</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">nd </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">there’s people from Seattle on that, from down in Salem, Oregon, and around the area. That’s been in existence—gosh, I don’t remember when—it was probably around ’90 or something like that, ’91. It’s been—maybe not that long—but it’s been quite active for quite some time.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: That reminds me—I meant to ask, when you were working on the site infrastructure, you mentioned some work with the tribes and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">cultural resources. Can you tell us</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> about that?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah. I personally didn’t get too directly involved. I had a person working</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> for me by the name of Charles Pasternak</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—he has since died</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. He was very, very knowledgeable. He was an archaeology-type thing, too, but he was a forensic expert-type thing, and was very, very closely working with the tribes. Well-respected by the tribes. He was </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">invited into some of those long</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">house ceremonies and that sort of thing. So he worked on that. He was the one that was the primary person for me. I got into a lot of the discussions and so on, but for the day-to-day activities, he was really tops. And would work with the SH</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">O</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> office—the State Historical office in Olympia on stuff—on these writings and stuff. So it was interesting. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">But I didn’t get daily involvement there. I had enough in my other hands to ta</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ke care of. But he was just ace</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> number one on </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">doing</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that. So I got familiar with the process and the operations and what the issues were and that sort of thing. But that was informative for me. He was sort of a mentor to me, to be honest, though, in that respect. Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Do you know sort of how—one of the things I’m also curious about is the development of cultural resources and local efforts to preserve culture, preserve memory. On the DOE side, I know, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">today that’s done through a contract with the Mission Support Alliance. Do you happen to know when that sort of contracting began, or was DOE sort of also contracting while also working on it?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: No, DOE was working primarily at the laboratory </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">out </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">here at Battelle. That’s where—and that’s partly how I got into it, I think, although I wasn’t administering to Battelle Lab at that time. But that all function was under the laboratory. It was after I left that Mission Support Alliance came into </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">existence</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> here. And then they took over a lot of that support type activity. But, no, the laboratory, and Jim Shatters was involved, Mona Wright was involved out there for the lab. Paul Harvey was—not Paul Harvey—Dave Harvey was involved in some of that out there, alo</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ng with the history. And Michel</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e Gerb</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">er on the historic—the Hanford h</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">istory type stuff. So that was all with Battelle. And then that moved it, I think, when Mission Support Alliance—and that was after, basically, after I left. So that was there. But, no, there was quite an interest—not as much as there is today—again, that’s a fault, I can say, of us who were in the department at that time. We really we</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">re</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">n’t on board extensively on the history protection stuff. Although the contractor, Battelle out there, and others were doing that. But I don’t think DOE was following. And then that’s when I discovered that, gosh, we really have a responsibility here. And that’s w</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">hen I hired this Charles Pasterna</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">k who came over from GSA and had been doing that sort of thing</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> down</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> in Phoenix, Arizona. So I said, we really need—so I hired him. And as I say, he was—that was his livelihood so to speak. And that’s when I think we began then to pick up on that sort of thing. I had an extreme interest in doing it and I got to know Mona Wright real well at Battelle. Tom Marceau was involved in that out there. And Tom can gi</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ve you the whole history there with the laboratory at that time.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: What sor</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">t of day-to-day work—was it </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Charles Pasternak?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Pasternak, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: What sort of work was he doing? Do you know?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">it</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> was this whole cultural resources area. He was, as I say, an archaeology type and that was his training. So he di</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">d all of</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the work </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">a lot </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">with SHPO up there when we got into some of these areas wher</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e they needed—we needed to know </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">the 106 process, and all of that sort of thing. So Charles was our main person to follow that. But I had the interest, also, of John Wagner, the manager, even though I wasn’t playing that congressional role at that time. Because he, too, I think, recognized that we needed to do a little bit more there. And in fact—I don’t know if you’re familiar—but he’s </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">one of Cindy Kelly, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">who’s with the Atomic Heritage Foundation---he’s one of the board members there. He had really an extreme interest in preserving the history. As much as he tried, he couldn’t get headquarters people—they</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> always</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> told him, John, you</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> go back and tell them we’re no</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">in the museum business. And that’s what the people here woul</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">d be hearing all the time. But J</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ohn himself was really interested in doing all that. I sat in meetings with him at </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">headquarters</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> where </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">he’d really push hard. And they’d push back, that’s not our—it was their responsibility, but they’d just, yeah, okay, but we don’t want to spend a lot of time on that. So that was—but locally, I think we did well. I think we did very well at pushing that along and I got to give contract—credit to people like Tom and Mona and others out here o</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">n the contractor sit</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e who even pushed us a little bit sometimes. Which was good. That’s necessary. </span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Could you sort of sketch out for us your idea of sort of the history of </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">efforts to commemorate the site or</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the work that was done on Hanford? In terms of, up through the B Reactor Museum Association--?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah. Well, my interest was, again, as I learned more about it, was let’s preserve this history of this </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">site</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, because it’s very unique. It’s really unique. And I </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">had to avoid sort of a conflict of interest of joining BRMA while I was an employee of the department. So I was interested, though, in knowing what they were doing and I was in agreement with them and was very supportive when I could be in some of</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">their activities. But </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">shortly</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> after I retired, then—not immediately, but not too long after, I did join as a member of the B Reactor Museum. That was in—well, quite a while later, because it in 20</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">0</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">5, so it was quite a while later that I actually joined them. That was—the more I learned and found out about the uniqueness of the B Reactor and its history and its knowledge and its importance, I really, really got heavily involved. And that’s eventually, here, like a year a</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">nd a half ag</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">o—I finally got off</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">the Hanford Advisory Board because I was spending so much time—more time on that—and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">not feeling </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I was really contributi</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ng a whole lot. I mean, I’</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">d make my comments and so on at the general meetings, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">but</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> with regard to drafting formal </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">advice</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and all that, which I was quite active in earlier, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">then jeepers, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">get somebody else who has the time and so on</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and I’d devote more time to the B Reactor Museum Association. But, again, I’m, as well as my interest in science and technology, although not being trained in that area, I’m sort of a history buff. As a kid</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> on</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, I could list the order of the Presidents of the United States, I remember. Zing, zing, zing. I can’t do it any </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">longer. I’d have</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> to stop and think about it, get it mixed </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">u</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">p a little bit. But history was </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">another</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> area that I was kind of interested in. I like to read a lot of history books and that sort of thing. I think that was stimulated by my second year in college in a class I took from a history professor who was just interesting. And what I found so interesting about him is he said you can read the book, but let me give you</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> some stuff, some of the trivia-</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">type stuff that he knew about some of the personalities and some of the things that he had learned through his research and understanding </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">about</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the true natures of some of these people and what unique features or attributes they had. That, I think, stimulated my interests even more. But it was in existence prior to that as well, but it just enhanced it a bit. Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: What sort of stuff has BRMA worked on in the time you’ve been with them?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Oh, gosh. We have done extensive amount of work on some of the modeling to bring up some of the models that we have out there that can describe and portray better the actual activities in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">instruments</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and the equipment in the area there itself. We did that. And of course our big effort was to make it a national park. That’s where most of our time, and that’s where I really got involved with and again working with the other two sites, Oak Ridge and Los Alamos with Cindy Kelly back in American—I mean the Atomic Heritage </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Foundation</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. We’d have monthly phone calls on proposing various kind of language that we’d like to see in the act and working with the Congress. My experience working with congressional staffers helped a little bit there, I think</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> but so did Cindy, who—and I first knew Cindy, basically when she was in DOE—worked for DOE in the headquarters in </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">cultural resource area and all of that area. So that’s how I got to </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">know</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Cindy. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">then </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">later on, we kind of met again, then, when we were working on the B Reactor. So the biggest contribution, I think</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> was the effort from the very beginning. B Reactor was—not B Reactor, but the BRMA association—B Reactor Museum Association—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">was </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">established formally in ’91, but was actually in ’90 or so when it began to formally—and how that all happened was</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> there was</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> in existence here at the time—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">we called it the Tri-Cities or maybe they were Richland—I don’t know—Technical Society. And that was made up of all the various tech—whether it be electrical engineers, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">or</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> civil engineers, the chemical engineers, nuclear engineers, the health physicists and so on. They had this net group where there was things in common and commonality. When the announcement was made that they were going to get out of the production </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">business and was going to start cocooning the reactors, the guy says, god, we got to preserve B. The history that goes with it. And I wasn’t part of that, then. But they organized a committee then to discuss further. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">that’s</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> when they decided to establish this organization, the B Reactor Museum Association</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> with the sole purpose to preserve for future generations the history and preserve the facili</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ty itself for public access and—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">for preservation and public access. Well, our mission is basically accomplished by g</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">etting it into the National P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ark. That was really keen. And we still have interests; we want to go along and develop the park and do all of those additional types of things and perhaps even taking on efforts to preserve a bit of the history of T Plant as well. Because that is identified i</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">n the park, and of course the pre-</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Manhattan </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Project history there with the farms and that sort of thing. But that’s been the key emphasis all along, was to preserve and make it public access to B Reactor. So there was a lot of work and working with the Department of Energy and others to clean it up and get it in shape where you could have these tours. I think it was 2009 or something when they started the tours—the more public tours. But I was involved earlier in that. There was still tours, but the tours were maybe for special groups or activities or maybe a college chemistry class or physics class or something would be coming to see it. Or some of the elected officials or could be any special tours, I think. And then it got gradually working into recognizing that there would be—in fact, when I left in ’98, there was just a memorandum of agreement type between the BRMA organization and Westinghouse the contractor and DOE, what the roles and responsibilities would be. At that time, BRMA would be willing to provide docents—volunteer docents at the time, and do that sort of thing for these various tours. So I was sort of a tour coordinator then, to find out what audiences—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">there </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">would be a difference between some</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">one who was real </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">knowledgeable</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> about the reactor, and ot</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">hers who knew nothing about it—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">want to know what the audience would be so we’d pick the right type of tour guide and a person who was more familiar with it, who were comfortable with those kind of tours. So there got to be a fair number of those. But then it formally established, then, when the DOE started </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">saying</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> we will offer these public tours. In 2009 is when it really blossomed into much more greater things, when they announced the public tours and so on. These others were more tours where people would request and ask for them, we’d try to fit them in. And there were fair number—it got to be a fair number of those, and I </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">think</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that’s what convinced DOE that we need to do something, maybe more publicly. And more recogn</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ition of its responsibility in Historic Preservation A</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ct—you know, the Department’s responsibility there. So that’s what we did. But our efforts were then to, as I say, get the thing cleaned up, get it presented well, and have some of these displays and some of the models and some</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">one</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that work</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> close with Cindy Kelly at the Atomic Heritage Foundation who had this interest and this whole establishment she has, that foundation to preserve many of the history aspects of the Atomic Energy Commission and Department of Energy and its role in the Manhattan Project.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> So</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that was kind of where</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> our focus was</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, was</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the preservation and public access and the models that help educate. And also, and we’re pushing more on that now, is educating students and so on. And we’re </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">holding </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">more and more tours for students, all the way down to the fourth grade, but particularly interested in high school and college students that want to learn more about that. That’s where we’re focusing more now, on interpretation and education and emphasis more on the T Plant. BRMA does the B Reactor Museum</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> doesn’t necessarily relate to the T Plant, but still, that all was part of the Manhattan Project. So our focus is more on the Manhattan Project itself and</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> all of</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> its elements. Which, T Plant is included—the first separatio</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ns plant. Again, amazing plant and amazing work that’s been done there to get it initiated and started and working properly right off the bat, working. So that’s kind of the background there on my involvement. It’s been—the last three, four, five years has </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">been</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> heavily involved in primarily the effort on the Manhattan historic—the Manhattan Project Historical </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Park, to get it established, along with the other two sites. Some of the othe</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">rs in DOE, as well, the Dayton P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">roject had decided not to really join pushing on that, but they—and we had meetings ye</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">sterday again with some of the P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">arks people to have things—a commonality—basic common understanding of the whole project and kind of presented the same way at all three sites. But then each site t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">aking on its own specific role, ours </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">being the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> specific—the development of the plutonium and B Reactor. Los Alamos, more like the weapons development and that sort of thing. Oak Ridge is supplying t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">he enriched uranium and those aspects. They all have</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> a more defined role in the broader picture of the Manhattan </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Project</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. </span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Right. Did you ever get any sort of security—when you were making these models, I know there was a lot of sensitivity about export control and classification and all </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">that, especially with models. Did</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> you ever get any sort of push back on that?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Not on the models. But what we did do, and that was a surprise, even to the local DOE, I guess they knew about it, but they should have—the reactor graphite that was left over, we claimed that. And thanks for thinking of Gene Woodruff, one of our members who’s a graphite</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> expert, and I mean Gene can go and say, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">oh, that was made a</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">t Union Carbide. Scratch this one—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">that was made somewhere else. That guy. And I remember working with DOE in the laboratory—Gene was one of the top experts in the world. Again, we’ve got experts here—people don’t recognize—of the world. When there would be these </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">inte</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">rnational meetings or [UNKNOWN</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">] Gene Woodruff was a guy to go all over the w</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">orld talking about the qualities</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and the purities of graphite and how it’s made and all of that sort of stuff. He’s just top</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">notch. So anyway, Gene and a guy out at the lab—gosh, I forget his name right now, right off the bat—worked with our people in DOE headquarters’ national security to get us the—or to give us the excess graphite was there with the restrictions that it should be used for souvenirs and</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> we’re not to resell it. Of course, now there’s not quite the problem, but we didn’t want the Iranians or others to see how this graphite was made and all the purity and all that kind of stuff. Although I don’t understand, because you could still probably decide that if you had a souvenir made out of a piece of that graphite, anyway. But anyway that was—they just didn’t want a big block of this stuff given—sold or anything to someone. So we said, ah, well, we won’t—chop it up or use it in pieces or whatever. So we made that graphite model and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">that was done going through the whole national security system that said it was okay for us to have that, rather than dump it out here at ERDF—out in the disposal facility. So we got all of the remaining what we call old reactor—that’s the B, D and F—that’s the same type of graphite that was in those original three reactors. We got that as well as some processing tubes and we’re in the process of determining how we make souvenirs for the tours that come through in the park. And reminder, we already have what we call—we have these boron balls, too, that are used in the process to help scram a reactor if you need to. We’ve got those, and we’ve got th</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e process tubes. So we also sell</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> a little vial of these boron balls, and we collected the dust that we did when we made our graphite model and putting that into little vials. So it’s rather unique to this site. We’re looking at other ways to use some of these and what kind of doodads or gadgets can we make for souvenirs. Because</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> we find that working with the P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">arks people</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> is—oh, yeah, people</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> there’s something unique about the site, they’d like to take a souvenir back. So that may be some of our support, maybe, to keep continuing and give us </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">our source of income there that—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">we’re not a great achiever of gathering a whole lot of money, but it does—and we work more on these models and stuff, working with Cindy Kelly and others on grants and that sort of thing to get our money to build these—make these various videos that we’ve made and these vignettes that goes along with when you’re visiting out there and that sort of thing. So that’s gonna b</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e kind of emphasizing with the P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">arks people how we can best do this and how we can get that accomplished.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Can you tell me about coordinating with the other sites?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah. That’s—we’ve had several meetings with the other sites. There’s, again, another entity. I don’t know if you’</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">re familiar with the E</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">CA, the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Energy Communities Al</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">liance? That was established by</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the former city manager here, Joe King, who established that. And that—I’ll just talk a minute what that is. That’s made up of the sites where DOE has locations: Savannah River, Oak Ridge, Brookhaven—you know, all nine sites or so, that would go forth in more of a lobbying effort to DOE headquarters on funding and what the needs and the issues and problems are there, as far as the local communities. And many of these were in common. I mean, there were particular areas might be unique to one site or the other, but the ot</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">hers would all support that. But then</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> also there’s things in common that they really wanted to get DOE to recognize that they got to pay attention to. So that was established quite some time ago. The other communities, then, kind of had a basis on which to start on this national park. And particularly Oak Ridge and Los Alamos. So we would get—the three of us would often have—and Cindy Kelly with </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Atomic</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Heritage Foundation would </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">kind</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> of coordinate these—it was almost on a monthly basis—telephone conferences.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> We’d be talking where we are and how we’re going and what we need to do. And so that was very helpful and it was a </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">cooperative effort. It wasn’t a, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">well, we want that and you can’t have that. It was</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> a system</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that we all want to work together. And we met last July again down in Los Alamos for a meeting on those three sites plus one or two of the other Energy Community Alliance sat in on some of that. We’re meetin</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">g again in August in Denver. This time at</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Denver because that’s kind of a convenient among the three sites, and it’s also where the inter</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">im superintendent of the National P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ark’s located, so that she can be here. That’s Tracey Adkins and she was here in fact yesterday. One of our local what we call</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> our parks committee that’s not—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">made up basically the elected officials of the community here, the four mayors, the county commissioners of Benton, Grant and Franklin County, and then there’s, besides elected officials</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> there’s the Visit Tri-Cities, TRIDEC and BRMA is on that. We’re more of an advisory group than we are </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">to the mayors. B</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ut the committee is an administrative committee and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">that’s</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> where I and John Fox and BRMA and Visit Tri-Cities</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and others</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> sit on for </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">short-term</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. I guess I call that the working group who gets the work done and so on. And then we get with the mayors and so on. It’s kind of either up or down, you know, that sort of thing. But anyway, the working with the other communities has been a very cooperative effort, and we meet now on phone calls once in a while—not quite so frequently, though, not once the legislation has passed. But we meet like once a yea</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">r or so, just—and now with the P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">arks, too. It was former</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ly just with DOE, but with the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">arks people actually present and with the interim superintendent of the Manhattan Project National Historical Park. So it’s a good relationship and I think it hel</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ps in the overall park and the P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">arks people are interested in working with the communities, too. They’r</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e very—I find working with the P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">arks service very, very interesting and informative and they’re people who are very willing to listen and learn and likewise we try to exchange information and we learn what they’re process is and I think it’s been a very, very good relationship. And I want to give credit to Colleen French here at the local office has been extremely supportive of BRMA and all of the activities and go out of h</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">er way to have—like when we had</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the November 12</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX227234824">th</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> event out here raising the National Parks flag at the site and working with them. She’s been just tremendously helpful in getting that accomplished.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: What’s my question here? Could you give me an idea, if you know, of the sort of size of BRMA over time?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: It’s small. That’s our real problem. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">t’s like most organizations, I find, you don’t find a lot of younger people joining. And that’s a—I think that’s kind of typical of our whole society now. Today, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">most of the mothers and fathers are both working, they’ve got the kids in school, they’re in soccer, they’re in baseball, they’re in football. Their time is very limited. And I find that in a number of organizations I’m in. So our group is very small. It’s—we only have about a total of about 70-some members. But our active members are probably 20 or something like that. And we have a fair number of people who are not in this community. They’re people who lived here or worked here before. One of the assistant general managers for DOE is still a member, living down the—not Los Alamos—but Los Alamos area and also a couple of them down in the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">WIPP site down in New Mexico. We</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> find ourselves, I think—and we’re looking right now—what </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">should</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the mission of BRMA be? And we’ve kind of—a couple of us got together the other day on—had a bottl</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e of beer and sat in Hank Kosmata</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">’</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> backyard on his patio and just kind of brainstormed a bit. I think we’ll say, for the next three, four, five years, however long, until the park is fully established, we’ll be working extensively with them on assisting in the interpretation activities. We want to emphasize more the education and working with particularly the high school, college kids but also the younger ages. We want to do more emphasis on the T Plant, which is a very key element in this whole process of plutonium and getting the plutonium that was needed for the weapons program. So those—kind of those three are the main activities we want to focus in and decide whether we morph into some o</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ther organization. Because the P</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">arks are really interested in developing at each of these sites what they call Friends of the Park, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">that’s</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> a common thing among all national parks. It’s sort of a group that </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">supports t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">hat local park and assists the Parks D</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">epartment. And the Parks Department is not a wealthy department. They a</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">re very limited funding to all</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> parks. They’ve got extreme backlog on the maintenance of all their activities. So they rely heavily on volunteer work, they rely heavily on these funding process of Friends of the Park, and they have a formal structure in developing it and authorizing and so on, because they, again, want to be sure that there’s precise accountability and all of that sort of thing on that if they’re gonna be associated with them. So we’re working this local community o</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">n</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> this parks committee and so on of hoping we can establish that soon. Now, there’s a lot of competition so to speak there, because we’ve got a lot of other things in the community</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> we really want to support.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">W</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e want to support the REACH organization</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">hey’re looking for funding. We’ve got the aquatic</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> center</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, you’ve got the performing arts center, you’ve got all of these things. But nevertheless, there’s some people that don’t have to be members of this community that are interested in the Project history of the Manhattan Project and all of that, that you can get various grants and forms and that sort of thing from others. That’s something that we will probably eventually just go out of existence, because we don’t have a lot—I mean, I’m kind of the young kid on the block, actually in our organization, and I’m nearly 78 years old. We got a guy that’s the youngest kid—he’s 65! We call him the little kid brother. We’re losing people. The last two years, we’ve lost the remaining people who were there at startup of the reactor. So the history is kind of disappearing with them in some respects. That’s why I was interested, particularly these interviews that you’re doing here with some of these old-timers and some of the guys that were here, so we get that recorded, and we know what’s there and it’s so important. Of course, as you know, working with you on some of our early recordings that we had with some of our original people that</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> are</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> very, very informative and useful in terms of researchers or anybody that wants to use that information. </span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: So there’s also ways been a lot of interest among the public in the sort of more negative side of Hanford’s history. Has the down-winders and those sorts of groups influenced the telling of the history in your opinion?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Well, you know, we want to be accurate with our history. And we want to tell all sides of the history. That’s been sometimes a little bit of a problem internally, because, well, gosh, those guys, they just dump. But I say, that’s history. We’ve got to learn what the issues were and what the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">problems</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> were. And the same—we get some people when the Parks people decided to have a few of the Japanese people sit in on the scholars’ group. I’m not at all opposed to that. I think we got to tell history. History’s got to be told accurately. And it’s important—we may not agree with some of that stuff, and we may not agree with their opinions or thoughts, but it’s only precisely true that we need to reflect what that history and what those events were. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">So </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I personally am not opposed. But there’s the real strong advocates in nuc</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">lear and there’s the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> anti-nuclear. We’ve got to show that as existing. We’ve got to recognize that. But I don’t think it’s given us any problem—the answer to your question—I don’t think it’s been an issue that creates difficulties or that we found is interfering with whatever we want to do. We’ve got to recognize it, we address it, and we think we try to address it in a very educational basis, in a very precise basis, and not in an argumentative or conscientious-objector-type—well, that’s not the right word either. But we just don’t want to be contrary to them necessarily. Just understanding that they’ve got a different point of view.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Have you sort of followed that controversy in your time living in the Tri-Cities?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah, to some extent. I can see both sides. I think we need—particularly</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> I can see the need to reflect on what effect it had upon the Japanese. I really think that’s essential. Some of our people don’t agree with me. They say, well—they’ll say, yeah, that’s true, but, boy, if we hadn’t done what we needed to do maybe a lot more would be dead. That’s true, too, there probably would have. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">We’ll</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> never know for certain, but—we hear of </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">people</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and know of people that </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">had probably saved their lives by the fact that they didn’t have to go and invade Japan. We’ve got some of our own members who kind of fit in that category. But I’ll never forget Terry Andre tells the story when she was at the CREHST museum when it still existed and an </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">elderly</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Japanese person came in one day and asked her: Are you an American? She said, yes, I’m an American. Oh, thank goodness. He put a big hug around her. She kind of says, well, what’s that? She says, I would not be alive today if you had invaded Japan, he said.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">Because I was trained in our—I think it was equivalent to the boy sco</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">uts—which we were to be suicide-</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">type defenders. And we were supposed to be carrying these bombs, burying us in the sand, along when the Japanese invaded, and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">blow</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> ourselves up and try to get as many American soldiers as we could—or Allied soldiers as we could. So that’s one side of the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> s</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">tory. The others you hear, but people have really suffered when they dropped the bom</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">bs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> those stories need to be told, and that understanding has to be there so that there’s the pros and cons. And another interesting thing is, when we had the docent training </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">by the Parks people, t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">hey were saying, try to not reflect your own opinions. Give them the facts—that yes.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> And they did some role playing talk about when </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">someone says, well, should we have dropped the bomb? And they were playing with all the different ways you might address that particular question. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">And try to </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">say, if they took one position kind of say, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">well, that’s tru</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e, but did you think about this or something.</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Let them decide themselves, but bring it more forth. And I thought that was excellent type comments that the Parks’ interpretation </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">people and their docents, particularly</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> did</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the training, bring forth those sorts of thoughts. I’m in agreement with that.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: You mentioned this sort of pro- and anti-nuclear folks. Has that sort of politics gotten involved in the interpretation of Hanford’s history, do you think?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: I don’t </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">think</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> it’s got involved in the interpretation. Now, there’s people who will be critical of the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">fact</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that either one side or the other hasn’t been displayed enough. And that’s an emphasis that I really respect the Parks to—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I think </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">they mentioned, they got issues in the North and South War—the Civil War. The things down in Andersonville, Gettysburg—these—and the Arizona, and they really understand how best to portray that. They’re the nation’s storytellers, and they really want to hone in on the fact that we aren’t going to try to change anybody’s mind; we don’t want to argue with them; we just w</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ant to presents the fact more and let them decide. B</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ut maybe if they’ve got one position, just kind of let them know what some of the other people are thinking, too, and vice versa. So I don’t really see it as an issue or a problem. It’s something we’ve got to address and it’s something that got to be recognized, but we’ve got to do it thoughtfully and doing it with some knowledge of where we’re coming from and how we present that.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Mm-hmm. And you said that’s equally true for sort of the local health impact as well as the Nagasaki and Hiroshima?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: I think so. But again, that’s my opinion. I think there’s a lot of advantages and there’s a lot of disadvantages. I mean, I keep coming back to some counterpoints and that is the whole medical isotopes, and the medical </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">radiation</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> program and so on. I mean, there’s over 20 million </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">radioactive diagnostic procedures in the United States every year. And there’s a likewise amount throughout the rest of the world. There’s not as many therapeutic, but almost. That’s the positive side. Now, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">there’s the negative side—that, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">gee, if you get exposed to it, that’s not good either. So, like most issues, nothing is clearly right or wrong. There’s pros and cons and I think we got to stop and think about those, and each person make up their own mind</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> to</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> where they may fit in that spectrum.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: How have the Tri-Cities changed in your time living here?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: [LAUGHTER] It’s been </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">significant</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">. I see the major growth in housing. Gosh, when I came here south of the Yakima River, there was nothing—none of that whole area. West Richland was small and didn’t go out. The shopping, as I said earlier—there was hardly anything here to do in that sense. The amenities of living in the community, the education of WSU here and various arts performing type groups—just—it’s almost like day and night in that sense. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I just—just amazing me, and I’ve been here a little over 50 years. It was kind of like a sleepy to</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">wn almost when you first come</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—when I first came, I should say. Pasco was the biggest, I think, town at that time. Of course, it’s got its history with the railroad and all of that sort of thing. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">The growth of the housing and you wonder, how could more people keep coming in? Where are they coming from, and where’s all this activity—what’s this base? It’s amazing. But I think the biggest thing I noticed is the shopping and the industry broadened quite a bit. I think most people don’t realize how many small businesses we really have in this community—various </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">outgrowths, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">spinoffs</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> of some of the lab work and some of the other activities. I think we had one golf course here at the time when I came over in Pasco. We’ve got a lot of that. The water sports. I mean, it’s—and the surrounding areas, the win</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">eries and all the vineyards. Yet the one </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">other thing I remember when I first </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">c</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ame and we </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">f</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">irst married, we used to go out and pick cherries or whatever where all houses are now. We still go out to some of the places to pick some peaches and stuff, but a lot of that stuff—and pears—you hardly see around. I can think back in those early days that we did all that. We go now in French’s out there where they have you-pick for peaches I think is one of the most popular places in town in the summertime when it’s peach time that they’re just so busy out there. But it’s changed. It’s just—but you know, a lot of the cities and so on—we’re getting people moving from the </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">rural areas into mor</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e the urban areas, and we’re no</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> different, I think, than some of the other major citi</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">es much bigger than we. But we</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">’re </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">staying—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">following kind of that same pattern.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: Mm-hmm. Okay. So as we sort of wrap up here, there are probably—I don’t know—particular stories that leap to your mind from your time working at Hanford or living in the area, or any other sort of stuff I haven’t asked about that’s worth sharing?</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah, I don’t know. I think </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">one</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> of the things that comes to mind is my involvement early with the kids in the community in the sports area and then of course, when my own son got into some of that with working with them. The other thing that kind of comes to mind, I said, I remember Christ the King Church, but like everything a growing—I’m in</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">volved in the building committee</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> and making that church bigger, tearing down the old government</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">-b</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">uilt building, all on volunteer-</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">type work tearing down, basically. And things of that that you tend to think of not necessarily unique to me, but for a lot of the members of this community, </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">where you saw so much volunteer-</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">type effort, community effort, where family didn’t have their own personal family right nearby. And I saw that. My wife can speak a lot more to that, but I saw that early in ’63 still existed, wh</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ere you saw this sort of social-</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">type gathering of—and I don’t think we see that quite the same anymore here in this community. If it is, it’s more like kind of an organized structure, or organized stuff. It’s not just like somebody drops by or you get a bunch of families together and oh, let’s have a Christmas party, or let’s have this, that or the other thing. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">That’s kind of what I witnessed early, and not to the extent—as I say</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> again</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—as my wife did in her family. But I saw that, and I see that kind of disappearing here. Some of the interesting things at work is like—I mentioned briefly earlier about the moonrocks coming back, the smoking swine—I was heavily involved in when they decided not to have the—I should say the smoking beagles and the swine. The swine is one of the closest animals that’s similar to a human. Their skin and all that. So there’s so much testing on radiation effects. A lot of these swine that was just evolutionary and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">helped</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the whole medical field. Wel</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">l</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">, we excessed those, I remember, in the process of excessing, where should we give it to? And</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> it ended up—</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I was q</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">uite heavily involved in that—w</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">e gave it to the University of Minnesota, because they had quite an extensive program on </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">heart development and heart surgery and stuff like that. They could utilize these swine and they had made a good proposal how they would care for them and continue in breeding them. Leo Bustad was the guy that developed those, like</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> a</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> full-grown was 150 pounds,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> was</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> close to a human being, and all those sorts of things. And I thin</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">k back about those sorts of things, about uniqueness, again, of science, of technology, developing these animals so that they—and there, again, you’ve got the other s</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ide of those people that are</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">—oh, gosh, you </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">shouldn’t</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> be sacrificing animals. There’s validity to that. And then you look on the other hand—but look at all the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">benefits you get on</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that, and you can do it in a humane way, and all of that. So those things. Some of </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">the</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> stuff, I can’t describe now. I was not heavily involved in classified stuff, but there was some of the work out at Battelle that once it’s unclassified, it’s</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> just</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> unbelievable some of this stuff that you learn through that sort of thing. Those things often come to my mind, but </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">I still—taken</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> the oath that I’ll keep those to myself. That’s about all I can say about—but I wasn’t heavily involved in that. I didn’t have a super—I had a Q clearance. That’s another interesting story. When I was hired by DOE, they said, well—at that time you had to ha</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ve</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> a Q clearance before you could ever come on work and it took about three months to get this Q clearance processed. So I was home back in Wisconsin for about a month, just waiting for the clearance, because I wasn’t going to drive all the way out here </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">and </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">f</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">or some reason to find out th</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">at, well</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> we can’t take you. I m</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">ean, I had no reason to believe that, but I just</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> had to wait out the process. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> that was, again—and that was difficult in hiring early on when we were recruiting college kids and stuff. </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">That was when</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> we still needed that—that everybody needed—well, not everybody, but 95% probably of the DOE and AEC—it was AEC then. People needed a Q clearance before they could get on board. Well, people are anxious, they don’t want to wait around </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">three months. They’re looking for</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> a job. So that was one of the difficulties that comes to mind when I talk </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">about out</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> those sorts of things. But there’s a lot of fond memories and associations with people that you’ll always have. And some unique activities that occurred. And, again, I keep thinking </span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">about working with Wally Sale</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> at the Consolidate</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824">d</span><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"> Laboratory and how unique and different that was and how innovative his approach—and he’s the one that really is the creator of that concept. So anyway, it’s been—it was an enjoyable career.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">O’Reagan</span>: All right, well thanks so much for being here.</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX227234824"> <p class="Paragraph SCX227234824"><span class="TextRun SCX227234824"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Plahuta</span>: Yeah, you bet. Thank you. And I appreciate--</span><span class="EOP SCX227234824"> </span></p> </div> Location The location of the interview Washington State University - Tri-Cities Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:41:53 Hanford Sites Any sites on the Hanford site mentioned in the interview B Reactor Years in Tri-Cities Area Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site 1982-2016 Years on Hanford Site Years on the Hanford Site, if any. 1982-? Names Mentioned Any named mentioned (with any significance) from the local community. Hastings, Doc Wagner, John Holstead, Paul Tomlinson, Sam Sale, Wally Volpentest, Sam Philips, Bob Jackson, Scoop St. John, Holland Ashby, Steve Murray, Patty Pasternak, Charles Wright, Mona Harvey, Dave Gerber, Michelle Marceau, Tom Kelly, Cindy Woodruff, Gene Adkins, Tracey Fox, John Kosmata, Hank Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Maynard Plahuta Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Subject The topic of the resource Richland (Wash.) Pasco (Wash.) Hanford (Wash.) Hanford Site (Wash.) Nuclear weapons plants--Health aspects--Washington (State)--Hanford Site Region Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4/28/2016 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 2016-08-16: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.] Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection. Atomic Energy Commission Atomic Heritage Foundation B Reactor B Reactor Museum Association (BRMA) Battelle (Wash.) Energy Communities Alliance (ECA) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) General Electric Hanford (Wash.) Hanford Site (Wash.) Mission Support Alliance Nuclear weapons plants--Health aspects--Washington (State)--Hanford Site Region Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Pasco (Wash.) Richland (Wash.) Volpentest, Sam, 1904-2005