79 50 4772 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fcd5f097ff98a360d94d66c3e8772aba7.jpg 0fe957b34ef2ad3a436af7ff4f59f461 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 12.6 x 17.3 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tent Near River Subject The topic of the resource Tents; Tepee Description An account of the resource "1 photograph; 12.6 x 17.3 cm. Large canvas material over beams set up near river. (Another one of these objects in background also)." Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For permission to publish please contact Washington State University Tri-Cities' Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource none Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4B_0980 Date Accepted Date of acceptance of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Accepted may be relevant are a thesis (accepted by a university department) or an article (accepted by a journal). 2017-06-20 Date Submitted Date of submission of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department) or an article (submitted to a journal). 2019-01-11 Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. For permission to publish please contact Washington State University Tri-Cities' Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447. Tents Tepee https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F522e8d97103670d33c1739018c8ccb7c.mp4 0a58e62640bfdd9c9d7d7bb7d90e1eb1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CREHST Museum Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Oral History; Hanford Site; Richland, WA Description An account of the resource Oral Histories conducted at and collected by the Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science & Technology (CREHST) Museum. The CREHST Museum, closed in 2014, was dedicated to preserving the history of the Hanford Site and Richland, WA and held the Department of Energy's Hanford Collection. After closure of the CREHST Museum most records and archival holdings were transferred to Washington State University's Hanford History Project where they are now held. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CREHST Museum, Gary Fetterolf, Terry Andre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1999-2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All resources have consent transferred to Washington State University's Hanford History Project. Contact Hanford History Project for information on use and rights. Language A language of the resource English. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG2-4A Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Hanford Site; Richland, WA Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1943-1990 Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Oral histories originally conducted by, or collected by, the CREHST Museum. Property and rights transferred to Washington State University upon CREHST closure in 2014 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Washington State University's Hanford History Project. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Terri Andre Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 00:58:05 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 317kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Termination Winds Subject The topic of the resource Hanford Atomic Products Operation Description An account of the resource A group oral history recounting of early days working and living at the Hanford Engineer Works Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CREHST Museum Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The following guidelines are now in effect: Fully in-person classes planned for fall In anticipation of the state confirming a change in social distancing requirements, WSU Tri-Cities will move forward with adjusting room assignments to encompass a fully in-person learning experience. Scheduling will be adjusted for regular classroom capacities and laboratories will move back to their normal capacities. Virtual access to instruction will also be provided to students who are unable to attend classes on-campus for specific reasons. For more information on requesting a virtual accommodation, contact Access Services. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D-4A / T.2010.052.030 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fd73985b3d6bab17e2b7ac67b7ec9b49d.tif 89c1a27adcfcb461b3b5fce705735255 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Collection Description An account of the resource Photographs from the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Collection. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943-1990 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thanksgiving Dinner at Camp Hanford, Nov 5 1944 Subject The topic of the resource Dinner parties Description An account of the resource A small group enjoys a thanksgiving dinner of turkey, potatoes, peas and oranges. Two women bring dessert dishes to the table. Insets: D 7119; AREA REGULATIONS Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .tif Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context HASI.1996.001.200 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 5th, 1944 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F6d8e0e7503d188e77650764e58dcfac5.jpg d69a6ab85a3dc17c0b2c4e4ba4ee6a85 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dennis Brunson, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Dennis Brunson Description An account of the resource Items donated by Dennis Brunson to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/2081">Dennis Brunson oral history interview</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thar She Blows! Subject The topic of the resource Description An account of the resource A drawing of people looking at something in the water through binoculars and telescopes. Type The nature or genre of the resource Pictures; Cartoons (Commentary) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Department of Energy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource Supplementary to Dennis Brunson oral history Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource TIFF Language A language of the resource English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Calicoat, Beverly https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Ff77e17c8b41c188c008c615c1f452858.jpg ad8b4fb05e70025a431723d5e9a1cd58 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection Subject The topic of the resource History of the Hanford, WA and White Bluffs, WA town sites and the Hanford Site. Description An account of the resource Photographs donated to the Hanford History Project by the family of Harry and Juanita Anderson. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection has been graciously donated by their family members. This collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the residents of White Bluffs, Hanford, and the surrounding areas that were forced by the government to sell their land and leave the area, in order to make way for the Manhattan Project. Also, housed in the collection is information regarding the reunions and picnics that were held for the families affected by the relocation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Allards Description An account of the resource "Malwina Marie Crompe & Samuel Allard at 1880. Their marriage in Minn. (Sam's 1st wife who died when their 4th child was born.) He came west in 1908 at 49. With 2nd wife Delia." Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1880 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I_146 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F8f1cf26f3c5f06f680c0d15669ceaa3a.tif fa371377dd95ce6115be09057423143c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource James L. Acord, sculptor Subject The topic of the resource Nuclear Science and Fine Art Description An account of the resource James Leroy Acord (1944–2011) was an artist recognized for his work with radioactive materials. His artistic practice involved creating sculptures and events that engaged with the history of nuclear engineering and addressed questions surrounding the long-term storage of nuclear waste. The James L. Acord archival collection chronicles the life, career, and legacy of Acord, who was the only private individual to be licensed for the artistic use of radioactive materials. Acord’s work is characterized by his efforts to combine nuclear science with contemporary sculpture. His nuclear license number was tattooed on his neck. For 15 years, Acord resided in Richland, Washington, a community established for the Hanford Nuclear Reservation. While there, he developed a proposal to construct a "Nuclear Stonehenge" on a contaminated section of the Hanford site, which would have incorporated twelve uranium breeder-blanket assemblies. He also created the sculpture, "Monstrance for a Grey Horse," which is located at Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas. Acord lectured at art and nuclear industry events in both the United States and the United Kingdom. He also organized forums that convened artists, activists, and nuclear industry experts. From 1998 to 1999, he held an Artist in Residence position at Imperial College London. He died in Seattle on January 9, 2011, at the age of 66. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford History Project (HHP) operates under a sub-contract from Hanford Mission Integration Services (HMIS), who are a primary contract for the US Deparment of Energy's curatorial services for the Hanford Site. HHP proudly manages the Department of Energy's Hanford Collection, an artifact and archival collection that documents the Manhattan Project and Cold War history of the Hanford Site (1943-1990). Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Certificate, hand written calligraphy Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 11"x14" Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The American Nuclear Society Special Award fo Nuclear Public Communication Subject The topic of the resource Nuclear Science and Fine Art Description An account of the resource An award presented to Jim Acord on June 21, 1994 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 21, 1994 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part, or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Americn Nuclear Society Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .pdf Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford History Project (HHP) operates under a sub-contract from Hanford Mission Integration Services (HMIS), who are a primary contract for the US Deparment of Energy's curatorial services for the Hanford Site. HHP proudly manages the Department of Energy's Hanford Collection, an artifact and archival collection that documents the Manhattan Project and Cold War history of the Hanford Site (1943-1990). Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. The American Nuclear Society Presents its Special Award for Nuclear Public Communication to James L. Acord For his selfless dedication, uncommon style and wit. He continuously presents the beauty and logic of nuclear science not only to colleagues, but also to other nontech- nical and adversarial audiences hitherto unreached by messages from the technical community. By order of the Board of Directors (signed) Edward D. Fuller, President (signed) James G. Toscas, Executive Director June 21, 1994 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Guide to the Pre-Manhattan Project Towns of Hanford, White Bluffs, and Richland Subject The topic of the resource The towns of Hanford, White Bluffs and Richland Washington prior to 1943. Description An account of the resource Project funded by the Benton County, Washington Historical Preservation Grant. A virtual guide to the communities displaced when the federal government inaugurated the Manhattan Project on the Hanford Site in 1943. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document One hot summer Sunday on July 28, 1996, college students William Thomas and David Deacy trekked along the Columbia River’s muddy shoreline hoping to witness the annual Columbia Cup hydroplane race, a Tri-Cities tradition since 1966. While walking through the muddy shallows at Columbia Park in Kennewick they were shocked to come upon a human skull partially buried in the shoreline. They notified the police of this unexpected find, who in turn sent the remains to Floyd Johnson of the Benton County coroner’s office for identification. Johnson was surprised by the age of the remains and promptly contacted consulting archeologist Dr. James Chatters for assistance. When the exact age of the find remained in doubt, Chatters sent a fragment of bone to be radiocarbon dated at the University of California, Riverside. The initial results indicated the individual soon to be dubbed by scientists and the press as “the Kennewick Man” and by Native American tribes as “the Ancient One,” was approximately 9,000 years old. This discovery initiated one of the most contentious debates over the handling of human remains in American history while casting light on the historical legacy of Native Americans in Washington State. This unique find reflects the fact that Native Americans resided in the Priest Rapids Valley for millennia. Indeed, the oldest discovered artifacts date back approximately 11,000 years. Although the remains were discovered at the confluence of the Columbia, Snake, and Yakima rivers, an ancient hub of travel and trade, there is little certainty surrounding the Ancient One’s life and death. Bone analyses determined he frequently maneuvered a spear and knapped stone into points. As a young man he even recovered from a spear injury to his hip, but the stone point remained lodged in his bone. Isotopic analyses also concluded that salmon may well have been a primary ingredient in his diet; deer, salmon, and camas bulbs are ancient staple resources in the region. Following the initial discovery the Umatilla, Yakama, Wanapum, Colville, and Nez Perce tribes of Washington and Idaho united to claim the Ancient One as their ancestor. Tribal oral histories dating back thousands of years are consistent with the 2015 analysis of DNA remnants by a team of Danish scientists led by Dr. Eske Willerslev confirming the Ancient One was indeed related to contemporary Native Americans. The Ancient One’s heritage became a point of controversy once Dr. Chatters announced the age of the remains. This raised the possibility that the Army Corps of Engineers, who controlled the excavation site, was obligated to repatriate the body to Native tribes under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) of 1990. However, Chatters’ most controversial statement was his conclusion that the skeleton appeared to have “Caucasoid” features indicating the individual shared more traits in common with Europeans than Native Americans. Although Chatters noted his findings did not mean Europeans had reached the continent before Native Americans, much nuance was lost in the subsequent publicity, and many articles questioned whether Native Americans were truly the original inhabitants of the Americas. The Umatilla and allied tribes argued that such statements were highly offensive, and petitioned for immediate repatriation of the remains and a halt to all further study. Native remains have often been misappropriated and stolen by anthropologists and archeologists. Many tribes felt that the scientists and the press were using the find to dismiss and delegitimize Native oral histories and claims to the land, the latest steps in a long history of abuse. The Army Corps of Engineers supported the tribes in their quest for repatriation, prompting fears in the scientific community that a chance to examine an ancient human and answer questions about early American settlement would be lost forever. In October 1996, eight scientists sued to halt repatriation and allow the remains to be studied, initiating a twenty-year legal battle documented in numerous books and articles. At the heart of their case was the argument that NAGPRA only applied to modern tribes, and that remains so ancient could not be definitively attributed to any “existing tribes or cultures.” After a lengthy process of adjudication the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals handed down the final verdict in 2004, ruling in the scientists’ favor and authorizing analysis of the remains. The situation changed in 2015 when new DNA technology enabled researchers to safety conclude that the Ancient One was related to “modern Native Americans.” As a result of these findings the federal government repatriated the Ancient One’s remains to the allied tribes for reburial at a secret location along the Columbia River. The discovery of the Ancient One demonstrates the need to establish and cultivate productive and respectful relationships between academic researchers and local tribes and communities, but also shines light onto the history of the Priest Rapids Valley and the people who resided in these lands over the last ten thousand years. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Ancient One Subject The topic of the resource A virtual guide to the communities displaced when the federal government inaugurated the Manhattan Project on the Hanford Site in 1943. Funded by the Benton County, Washington Historical Preservation Grant. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Ff34740f77ba0719c4a1a374b808a81aa.jpg 3d1f6a45ce2d29e1cdc5997380cc5b38 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection Subject The topic of the resource History of the Hanford, WA and White Bluffs, WA town sites and the Hanford Site. Description An account of the resource Photographs donated to the Hanford History Project by the family of Harry and Juanita Anderson. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection has been graciously donated by their family members. This collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the residents of White Bluffs, Hanford, and the surrounding areas that were forced by the government to sell their land and leave the area, in order to make way for the Manhattan Project. Also, housed in the collection is information regarding the reunions and picnics that were held for the families affected by the relocation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Andersons standing at the base of their homes foundation, during a White Bluffs-Hanford Reunion Description An account of the resource (Left to right) Harry, Juanita, Clarene, Arthur Anderson; standing next to the foundation of their childhood home during a WB-Han reunion. The four of us at home." Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 1977 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I_1704 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F20db4cfaf09ea18c14b588255c884f10.jpg 132fbc3b0b902b188a6b2174bfd49f73 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection Subject The topic of the resource History of the Hanford, WA and White Bluffs, WA town sites and the Hanford Site. Description An account of the resource Photographs donated to the Hanford History Project by the family of Harry and Juanita Anderson. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection has been graciously donated by their family members. This collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the residents of White Bluffs, Hanford, and the surrounding areas that were forced by the government to sell their land and leave the area, in order to make way for the Manhattan Project. Also, housed in the collection is information regarding the reunions and picnics that were held for the families affected by the relocation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Andersons standing at the base of their homes foundation, during a White Bluffs-Hanford Reunion Description An account of the resource (Left to right) Harry, Juanita, Clarene, Arthur Anderson; standing next to the foundation of their childhood home during a WB-Han reunion. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 1977 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I_1714 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F5d3875df528fa4ea5f3ce3fbba8cc05f.jpg fa0e4217cdcf2101cc83034d752d658d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource James L. Acord, sculptor Subject The topic of the resource Nuclear Science and Fine Art Description An account of the resource James Leroy Acord (1944–2011) was an artist recognized for his work with radioactive materials. His artistic practice involved creating sculptures and events that engaged with the history of nuclear engineering and addressed questions surrounding the long-term storage of nuclear waste. The James L. Acord archival collection chronicles the life, career, and legacy of Acord, who was the only private individual to be licensed for the artistic use of radioactive materials. Acord’s work is characterized by his efforts to combine nuclear science with contemporary sculpture. His nuclear license number was tattooed on his neck. For 15 years, Acord resided in Richland, Washington, a community established for the Hanford Nuclear Reservation. While there, he developed a proposal to construct a "Nuclear Stonehenge" on a contaminated section of the Hanford site, which would have incorporated twelve uranium breeder-blanket assemblies. He also created the sculpture, "Monstrance for a Grey Horse," which is located at Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas. Acord lectured at art and nuclear industry events in both the United States and the United Kingdom. He also organized forums that convened artists, activists, and nuclear industry experts. From 1998 to 1999, he held an Artist in Residence position at Imperial College London. He died in Seattle on January 9, 2011, at the age of 66. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford History Project (HHP) operates under a sub-contract from Hanford Mission Integration Services (HMIS), who are a primary contract for the US Deparment of Energy's curatorial services for the Hanford Site. HHP proudly manages the Department of Energy's Hanford Collection, an artifact and archival collection that documents the Manhattan Project and Cold War history of the Hanford Site (1943-1990). Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The artist at work on Monstrance for a Grey Horse Subject The topic of the resource Nuclear Science and Fine Art Description An account of the resource Black and white photograph showing sculptor James Acord working on Monstrance for a Grey Horse in his workshop. The artist is bent over a large block of granite, using carving tools to shape what would become the horse skull sculpture. The granite block appears to be in an intermediate stage of carving, with the rough form of the horse skull beginning to emerge from the raw stone. The photograph captures the intensive, physical nature of stone carving, documenting the artist's process during the ten-year creation of this significant sculptural work that would later be installed at Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Acord, James Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part, or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .jpg Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford History Project (HHP) operates under a sub-contract from Hanford Mission Integration Services (HMIS), who are a primary contract for the US Deparment of Energy's curatorial services for the Hanford Site. HHP proudly manages the Department of Energy's Hanford Collection, an artifact and archival collection that documents the Manhattan Project and Cold War history of the Hanford Site (1943-1990). atomic art Hanford James Acord Manhattan Project nuclear art nuclear materials Richland https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F831eb8ee000683874d9a61db61db4e2f.jpg d8a1fda8c598cf819f71229e0aafbe55 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection Subject The topic of the resource History of the Hanford, WA and White Bluffs, WA town sites and the Hanford Site. Description An account of the resource Photographs donated to the Hanford History Project by the family of Harry and Juanita Anderson. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection has been graciously donated by their family members. This collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the residents of White Bluffs, Hanford, and the surrounding areas that were forced by the government to sell their land and leave the area, in order to make way for the Manhattan Project. Also, housed in the collection is information regarding the reunions and picnics that were held for the families affected by the relocation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Brown family Description An account of the resource Jess, Perry and Sally Brown posing for a photo outside. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I_1051 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F5e205398b4790075353d075277719d99.jpg ee6d38a55414c8e7fa684422e736102a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 8.8 x 14 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Desert Inn Subject The topic of the resource Taverns (Inns); Cars Description An account of the resource "1 photograph: col.; 8.8 x 14 cm. Front of Inn with cars in view." Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For permission to publish please contact Washington State University Tri-Cities' Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4B_0304 Date Accepted Date of acceptance of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Accepted may be relevant are a thesis (accepted by a university department) or an article (accepted by a journal). 2017-05-22 Date Submitted Date of submission of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department) or an article (submitted to a journal). 2018-11-13 Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. For permission to publish please contact Washington State University Tri-Cities' Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447. Cars Taverns (Inns) https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F9636b258bab13de3c6b7f8cae8784b5b.jpg 049a626dbec7938c4697d996ae47a10c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stephanie Janicek, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Stephanie Janicek Description An account of the resource Items donated by Stephanie Janicek to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/809">Stephanie Janicek Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Dutch Rub Subject The topic of the resource Schools; Public schools; School boards; Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Janicek, Stephanie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2O016 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fd9523c244cefb87bfdfa9c4fe6a5b9ea.jpg 56c4e4ea3e4208173e212917670c6b74 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dennis Brunson, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Dennis Brunson Description An account of the resource Items donated by Dennis Brunson to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/2081">Dennis Brunson oral history interview</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Fast Flux Test Facility Built on Safety Subject The topic of the resource Facilities; Testing; Science; Safety; Fast Flux Test Facility (wash.) Description An account of the resource The cover of a book about the Fast Flux Test Facility. Type The nature or genre of the resource Pictures; Cartoons (Commentary) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Department of Energy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource Supplementary to Dennis Brunson oral history Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource TIFF Language A language of the resource English https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fab3bcb71128a08d28e0c5c0c0fcec2bf.3gp fb23424dbc3730c361b0ef4b3072db62 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CREHST Museum Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Oral History; Hanford Site; Richland, WA Description An account of the resource Oral Histories conducted at and collected by the Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science & Technology (CREHST) Museum. The CREHST Museum, closed in 2014, was dedicated to preserving the history of the Hanford Site and Richland, WA and held the Department of Energy's Hanford Collection. After closure of the CREHST Museum most records and archival holdings were transferred to Washington State University's Hanford History Project where they are now held. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CREHST Museum, Gary Fetterolf, Terry Andre Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1999-2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource All resources have consent transferred to Washington State University's Hanford History Project. Contact Hanford History Project for information on use and rights. Language A language of the resource English. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG2-4A Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Hanford Site; Richland, WA Temporal Coverage Temporal characteristics of the resource. 1943-1990 Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Oral histories originally conducted by, or collected by, the CREHST Museum. Property and rights transferred to Washington State University upon CREHST closure in 2014 Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Washington State University's Hanford History Project. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Terri Andre Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Roger Rohrbacher, Mary Rohrbacher, Ray Issacson Location The location of the interview CREHST Museum Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound CREHST Oral History Project Brown Bag Luncheon Interview Title: “ The Fear Factor “ Date of interview: October 12, 2004 Location of interview: CREHSTMuseum Moderator: Terri Andre Interviewed: Roger Rohrbacher, Mary Rohrbacher, and Ray Isaacson Transcriber: Robert Clayton These individuals described their experiences during the construction and subsequent operation of HEW facilities during WWII and the early years of the cold war. TERRI: First off why don’t I have you guys introduce yourselves and tell when you came to Hanford and sort of what you did in the beginning. RAY: Ray Isaacson as I used to be known around here. Then I retrogressed to my childhood and became Bud Isaacson. That was my name that all my family knows me by. I had a cousin come here to Richland one day to go to some kind of a meeting. He looked down through the telephone directory and he got back to RochesterWashington and he saw my mother and he says, “I thought Bud lives in Richland.” “Well he does.” “Well I couldn’t find his name in the telephone directory.” “Well did you look under Raymond?” “No I didn’t know that was his name.” So anyway I came to Richland in 1948 during the construction period. I worked in construction on the ranch houses, and on the SpauldingSchool, and Lewis and Clark, and Marcus Whitman. Then I went back to school at University of Washington and the next year I found my way to Grand Coulee Dam and got into construction there and mixed all the cement plants for the east powerhouse. Went back to school, got my degree, came back here and went to work in the 234-5 building where I worked most of my time. Eventually I got elected to be a state representative and then county commissioner. So here I are. ROGER: I ‘m Roger Rohrbacher. I came to Hanford in the spring of 1944. I had come from the University of Chicago and even go back one step further. I worked for Dupont in an acid plant in Illinois. My buddies were leaving and turned out they ended up at Hanford. I got in contact with them and said, “What are you guys doing?” “We don’t know.” Another guy said, “Man it’s sure isolated out here.” I thought I’d head out here too to see the great northwest. So I was told to report to Dr. so and so at the University of Chicago only 40 miles away. And after 6-8 months there I came out to Hanford. Let me tell you a little side story about what it was like here. Bill McQue was one of the early guys out here. He was in “B” when it started up. His wife came out a little later. Came out on the train. And she was talking to the person next to her and the other person said, "Where are you headed?" She said, “Pasco.” This other lady said, “Honey that’s the end of the world.” (Laughter). Anyway I came here just after the dormitories were built so I didn’t have to live in the barracks. RAY: Did you know George Thatcher? ROGER: Yeah that sounds a little familiar. RAY: He worked under the stands at the University of Chicago. ROGER: Quite a few who worked there came out here. MARY: I am Bluey Rohrbacher. Roger came back and we got married in the fall of ’44. And when we came out we got off at beautiful downtown Pasco at 2:00 o’clock in the morning and the fella that was supposed to pick us up was not there. We didn’t know how we were going to get to Richland. Finally Roger saw somebody he knew and we got a ride into town. I went to work at the original Army hospital or Army type hospital and I was a medical technologist. I had a real surprise. It was the most well stocked lab I had ever seen. Most labs are tight with money. They don’t buy binocular scopes and all sorts of good things but this one did. We had 12 med techs when I started and we took turns going out to the areas. TERRI: Where was that hospital. Was it where Kadlec is now? MARY: Well it’s just east of there sort of. We called it KadlecHospital then and it looked just like an Army hospital you know a central hall with wings. TERRI: So it was pretty much patterned after an ArmyHospital? MARY: Oh yes pretty stark. TERRI: So by the time you came the secret was out? Right? You came later. RAY: Yeah. TERRI: Did you have any misgivings about coming? RAY: Not at all. As a matter of fact I chose to go into the nuclear area being a graduate chemical engineer with lots of physical chemistry background and inorganic background and so forth. I just thought Hanford would provide a lot of opportunities in that general area and the nuclear part of it. So the bomb went off but the next phase was going to be producing electricity from nuclear power. TERRI: Roger at what point was it that you knew what it was that you were working on? ROGER: After it was announced in the paper. We had suspicions but that was all. One of the operators had a fuel element and he saw it was heavy. He said, “You know I used to work in a uranium mine in Vancouver, British Columbia.” He says, “This feels just like uranium.” His boss says, “Gee that sounds interesting.” and turned around and left. He didn’t want to spill the beans. Things like that would come up. I worked the instrument part of it and I was moving a neutron saver under the plant. Neutron saver and I said this ain’t a chemical plant because that was the rumor. That Dupont was running this big chemical plant out here. Everything came in and nothing left and we got suspicious. Because, actually, for the start of B Reactor there wasn’t any big announcement at Hanford or anyplace. Even though I was probably in one of the 100 areas at the time nobody told me. But the official word was when the paper came out and said, “IT’S THE BOMB.” It was the Villager or something. TERRI: So you were doing actual science or engineering type work but you only knew one piece of it? ROGER: Well that was a strange quirk Dupont had a habit of moving people around where they needed people. Like I worked in a chemical engineering group at the University of Chicago, which was under the Manhattan Project. When I came out here this fella I interviewed for said we would like to have you in the instrument department. I play a trumpet so I’ll fit right in. (Laughter). I said I don’t know anything about instruments. He said it doesn’t matter we will train you. So then there was some few months of classroom training and hands on training and then working with another fella. Finally I was working on my own. Most of the time I worked at Hanford I worked in instrumentation. And another change Dupont needed some people in the pile technology group that was before they had reactors and I worked there for a couple of years. TERRI: So you were working in the medical field. Did you have any inkling that anything unusual was happening? MARY: Oh no although the med techs rotated out to the areas we had no idea what was going on. The labs as I remember were in windowless rooms and we were not allowed to go out any place. We had to stay in there all day. TERRI: So you were escorted out to the areas? MARY: We went out on the bus and if we were lucky we got a ride in with the doctor that was out in the area. TERRI: So you wouldn’t have to come in on the bus. (Laughter.) Mary: Oh yes. Those busses were horrible. But we had to stay where we were going in the lab. We were not allowed to go out. We hadn’t the foggiest idea what was going on. They didn’t tell us and we didn’t ask. That was one thing you don’t ask. TERRI: So that was pretty much accepted. MARY: Oh yes, yes. TERRI: Now when you came out was there still a great deal of secrecy about different work that was going on? RAY: Oh absolutely yes. As a matter of fact it took me quite awhile to get my Q clearance. Then I got my weapons clearance and then I got my top-secret clearance. Everything was secret. TERRI: What can you tell us that you did work on that is no longer classified? RAY: Well I did work in the 234-5 building which was the plutonium processing building. We received the plutonium nitrate initially from T plant and later on from REDOX and PUREX. Those plants were much larger and more efficient. We received plutonium nitrate solution initially in the 231 building and they converted that to an oxide and that went over to the 234-5 building and that was converted to a metal in 234-5. TERRI: My head is spinning...234-5 OK. RAY: Well 234-5 was the plutonium processing and plutonium fabrication building. One of the big studies that was made was Senator Hikkenlooper said that the AEC spent way too much money building the 234-5 building. And so there were a lot of investigations going on before they started up. But once we started up I came in 1951and wound up down there for my assignment to help the processing engineers. TERRI: Now in the past few days there has been a lot of B Reactor talk because of the 60th anniversary of the start up. And one of the things that kind of surprised me and I thought may have caused a little quiver of fear was when they talked about when the very first plutonium product was done how it was transported down to California. Were there things like that that may have afterwards kind of raised an eyebrow and thought you know there might have been a little safer or we would have done it differently now? ROGER: Well there was one thing after the fact I heard about it. When B Reactor was loaded there was concern about how much fuel should be put in. Enrico Fermi said, “1500 tubes.” Dupont people they always had a couple of special terms. One was contingency. And this fella from Dupont, a technical consultant, was Crawford Greenewalt. He went up to General Groves and said, “What’s your contingency?” Well Groves didn’t know what he was talking about and he said, "Well, Fermi said 1500 tubes. That’s what we are going to do.” And Crawford Greenewalt said, "If this thing shouldn’t work who do you think will get the blame?" Groves was no dummy, “How many more tubes do you want?” And Greenewalt said, "500." TERRI: I understand the shape changed too with the extra tubes. ROGER: Yes they provided more fuel and more area for the neutrons to interact with the plutonium. As a matter of fact that was a fear an unknown. When the reactor first started up it slowly decayed and the power level went to zero. That’s when the top-secret people got involved…Enrico Fermi, John Wheeler, and Crawford Greenewalt sat in the room and tried to figure it out. One story is Fermi was waving his slide rule around and they were talking back and forth and the story that came out was they were taking a pool to see when the reactor would start on its’ own. And whoever got the closest would win a bottle of wine. Gambling on government property. (Laughter). RAY: With a nuclear reactor. That had never been operated before. TERRI: What’s the funniest thing that you have ever seen out at the Hanford area? Something must have broken up the days of just dust. MARY: Yeah there was plenty of dust. Well one funny thing that happened to us was we were assigned to a one bedroom prefab. Oh it was lovely. No lawn and the desert was one block across the street and we had about a three-inch gap below our door. We had invited some friends of ours for Thanksgiving. I set the table ahead of time and when we lifted up the plates there was a circle of dust around them. I remember that so well. (Laughter). It was dirty. TERRI: I think I would have been worried about spiders and things coming in. MARY: They probably did. I don’t remember spiders but oh that was a small house. Believe me. RAY: Being that this is the CRESHT museum you probably should have some of Dupus Boomer’s cartoons. MARY: Oh we do down the hall. RAY: That explains it. TERRI: What about you guys? Something maybe that struck you as a little odd or funny. ROGER: Probably more odd. One of the problems of the reactor the graphite expanded. It grew to the point where they were concerned about keeping the reactor operating. After a while they decided if they could heat up the graphite that would help the problem. But still the expansion was kind of bad and the reactor itself had a sheet metal covering on it and the corners had neoprene seals. These seals were being stretched by the expansion of the graphite. So they put an oddball looking clamp in the upper right hand corner to stop this. A visitor came in and said, “B Reactor is held together with a giant C clamp” (Laughter) TERRI: At least it didn’t look a giant cloths pin. That would have been even funnier. RAY: Well I think the thing that really impressed me more than anything else was when Max Roy was at Los Alamos and the Department of Energy, not DOE. but literally the Army, decided that they needed more plutonium. Of course we were limited on our capacity here with the old reactors that we had. So then the question was is there anyway that Hanford can produce more plutonium? And the answer was well if we change the specifications yeah. So this got bounced back to Los Alamos and the design engineer says, "No way." and Max Roy came back and said, "No way." and the Army said, "Yes there will be a way and we will increase the production at Hanford." And what was sacrificed was the quality of the plutonium. The longer you leave plutonium in a reactor the more some of the higher isotopes grow into the material. Some of the isotopes are varieties of plutonium. Like 239 was the target plutonium to be made but when you leave plutonium in a reactor for an extended period then Plutonium-240 grows into the other plutonium. And so when you separate you can’t separate the two except by some other more classified process. (Laughter) TERRI: O.K. will let that one slip by…classified processes. RAY: But anyway they decided to increase production by 20 %. That changed the kind of isotope mix that we had. So now it was necessary to go back and change the comparations of the reactor. Well Max Roy got kind of in a fit and he had a little cabin in Mexico so he went down to Mexico from New Mexico to his cabin. He stayed in his cabin for about 6 weeks to show them that he wasn’t really needed. (Laughter) But he came back and picked up where he left off. Well at that time I was in the inspection of the plutonium parts as they came through the 234-5 building and how do you cope with this because they put a cap on there. So the question was how does the isotopic ratio come out from each of the reactors? Well we had B Plant still operating so lets batch it through it through B Plant. Isolate it through 234-5 building. And when we get down to the weapons portion then we will evaluate each one of those parts and see which reaction it came from or correlate back to the reaction it came from. As a consequence we were able to set up the operating level for each one of the reactors such that we got a pretty good blend of the plutonium through the 234-5 building meeting specs that Los Alamos would permit. And so every reactor then had a certain exposure level that they pushed to. Then when we went out to inspect on the weapons end of the business we will just throw it back to our melting operations along with some other materials and get the appropriate ratios back through inspections and on down to Rocky Flats. At that time we were shipping through Rocky Flats. TERRI: I have to confess I got very little of all that. For non-technical types let me see if I got it. So you had to increase your output by 20%. RAY: So that consequents higher levels of isotopes growing onto the plutonium which you could separate out through chemical methods. TERRI: Did they have to separate them out or did they just leave them there? RAY” No we just left them there. And when we were over the limits we would bring it back to our casting operations and melt it down with some other plutonium that had a lower level of the higher isotopes. TERRI: I’m trying to come up with an analogy. RAY: There isn’t one that I know of. AUDIENCE MEMBER: They were talking production and I have a non-technical thing that I was there when it happened. In the 1950’s I was working in the 100 Areas. And well a little bit of the basics. The amount of power you can get is how much heat the water going from the front of the tube to the rear the bigger the difference you had a limit of what you could go over on the rear. But the colder it was going in the more production you could get. Well we heard technicalists tried to think of a way to lower the temperature of the Columbia River. Wow but you know they did. TERRI: They lowered the temperature of the Columbia River? AUDIENCE MEMBER: They got to dealing with the Corps of Engineers and they got Grand Coulee Dam to let the water out instead of over the dam from the bottom of the huge lake and it was several degrees cooler. It tasted pretty horrible because we also drank it. It had a different taste. Our drinking water was filtered of course. RAY: At that time the east powerhouse hadn’t been completed and they had huge needle valves in the bottom of the dam that they would open. And when those needle valves were operating in there that air would just pulse in front of you. So if you smoked a cigarette that cloud of smoke would just sit there and pulse in front of you. When they put turbines in there they had to close off all of those needle valves. All of the water then went through the turbines instead. From the top down. So that was a kind of a limit to 1951 was the end of that cooling operation. AUDIENCE MEMBER: Did you know how much of a percentage increase it made? Did you ever hear that? RAY: No. As you say it was delta t across the reactor. That is indicative of the power produced by the reactor and of the fission that was taking place in the reactor. AUDIENCE MEMBER: I’d like to mention another one. This was from a man who I got to know who was in Chicago working for Dupont with a chemical engineering background. He was there when the big first test was made. He was involved with the team that was doing the chemical work. This is the way his story went. When they had the reaction then they had this bit of uranium that had been gone through the process then it went to chemical processing. At one point they had gotten the plutonium that it had. And he said there it was the world’s supply of plutonium in one test tube. And somehow it fell to the floor and went down the drain. Well they recovered it. I thought it was quite a story. The world’s supply of plutonium in one test tube and somebody dropped it. RAY: As a matter of fact Glenn T. Seaborg was developing the chemistry for the plutonium processing. And the plants U Plant, T Plant, and B Plant and C Plant was never built. Those plants were based on those micro-chemical tests of the first plutonium that was produced by Dr. Seaborg. And they scaled up from microchemistry to these full-scale plants. That had never been done before. I mean that’s a how shall I say it that’s a factor of probably several hundred thousand times scale up. ROGER: That reminds me of a fear factor with Seaborg. In the early days he had real trouble trying to get enough plutonium to work with and then try to do something with it. He told his crew, “We really need a bunch of biologists.” And they thought old Seaborg’s cracking up under the strain. Biologists don’t work on that stuff. He said, “We’re working with stuff we can’t see and that’s what biologists do all the time.” He was joking but his crew didn’t particularly appreciate that. RAY: Well it goes beyond that too because the mathematics associated with fission reactions are from biology. The original mathematics was based on biology mathematics. On the creation of cells. TERRI: Almost like the splitting of cells and multiplying. ROGER: That’s where the word fission came from. RAY: Right. TERRI: So is that why he wanted the biologists? ROGER: No. That was supposed to be a joke. (Laughter) TERRI: Oh you got me. You are just so good at that. Really! AUDIENCE MEMBER: What temperature does plutonium melt at? You say you melt it down. What temperature does it melt? RAY: I don’t know. TERRI: Hot! Very hot. RAY: We had a certain process and procedure and I don’t know if that has been declassified or not. But we did have some problems in the metallurgical quality of the plutonium we produced. There was some information in the Tri-City Herald here not too long ago where the Russians found out that one of the phases of plutonium was metastabile. Well we knew that a long time ago. And we know how to stabilize it. They got our secrets and they learned how to do that too. But then we had another technique for insuring the stability over a longer period of time. We developed that out in 234-5 building. So we were able to meet the specifications according to what the design group at Los Alamos wanted. TERRI: Now I heard a story a while ago and I don’t remember who told me it. So I’m going tell you guys this story and you can tell me if it sounds like something that may have been true or if it’s kind of like we start to get our own little brand of folklore. This story the day that B Reactor first came up and went critical that they had technicians walking around the building with Geiger counters and walking through the building and maybe sticking the Geiger counter wand around the corner to make sure it was safe to walk around the corner. To make sure nothing was going wrong. ROGER: I haven’t heard that one. TERRI: You haven’t heard that one. Well maybe we’re starting an urban legend. (Laughter) Let’s see what other rumors can I start. (Laughter) MARY: There were lots rumors but we knew nothing really. When you worked at Hanford you only were told as much as you needed for your job and beyond that forget it. They did not tell you anything. A lot of people, outside people, had trouble with that. Not understanding why we did not understanding everything that was going on. TERRI: Didn’t you just recently run into that attitude even now? MARY: Yes I did. Roger was interviewed several years ago by a reporter from a paper on the west side. And after she talked to him she called me up and wanted to know what I knew about the plant. I said, “Well nothing really.” Because we weren’t told. We didn’t need to know for our job as med-techs. And she said, “Well didn’t you ask your husband?” I said, “No. He couldn’t say anything. He was not allowed to talk about it.” She said, “Didn’t you talk to your neighbors?” I said, “No.” “When you went out socially didn’t you talk?” I said, “No you don’t do that.” She just couldn’t understand that. Finally her parting shot was, “Well it wouldn’t be that way nowadays.” I said, “Yes but you’re not at war nowadays either. That’s a big difference.” The way she said it we were just a bunch of dummies here because we didn’t ask. She just didn’t know what it was like. I tried to tell her about the security and she didn’t get it. TERRI: It was before Iraq. ROGER: This is another one. There was no fear but it was just the opposite. I think this was the time when Glenn Seaborg came out for Battelle for some doings. 25 years of Battelle. Afterward a group got together and somebody said, “I’m so amazed so much stuff got done.” One was oh boy I forget his name he used to run the old HanfordMuseum and he finally went blind. AUDIENCE MEMBER: Fosgate? RAY: Yes. Elmer Fosgate said, “We were so dumb that when the boss said to do something we did it." And this other guy says, "What about approval?”…we didn’t need it …”What about QA?” …never heard of it. There was quite a bit of that. The only real restriction at least that I ran across in the 100 Area was the radiation monitoring people. A couple times I wanted to say, “Just take a reading. There’s paper on the floor. I’ll hold my breath.” The radiation monitor says, “Well Roger you don’t work for me and I can’t tell you what to do but if you go in without suiting up, as in putting on special covering, I’ll get your butt.” Except he used stronger language. They were I would say right up there with top management. You do what they say or you get in trouble. TERRI: Then did that go through until later years too? They were pretty much able to. RAY: They set the parameters. If there was an area that was contaminated you didn’t make the decision to go in there yourself. You had your monitor with you and escort you and keep you out of trouble. TERRI: And that didn’t cause any queasy feelings? RAY: No. TERRI: No? RAY: Why should it? You were safe. You were protected by your keeper. TERRI: The radiation monitor told you…so as long as you were sure that they were reading their equipment right. RAY: Well you knew what…you had air monitors and things like that. One guy that got scared the most was a guy by the name of Ardal and he was operating in the hood. In the 234-5 building there was a recuplex operation where we recovered plutonium from the scrap and recycled the solutions. He was working there in the hood in the glove box hands extended in this hood. All of a sudden this criticality alarm went off. “Ahooga Ahooga.” He dropped his hands out of the hood as fast as he could. He ran through and broke the seal on the back door. He ran around the building as fast as he could. He got to the badge house he laid his arms down on the desk and he said, "I’ve had it. I saw the blue flash. I’m dead.” (Laughter) What had happened was there was too much concentrated plutonium nitrate solution that got sucked up into what at that time was called the K-9 Vessel which was a recycling vessel that was being used to slurp up all their spills and whatnot on the floor; but they put a lot of cadmium nitrate in there to absorb the neutrons from the plutonium solutions so it couldn’t go critical. But when they cleaned up the operations someone spilled a batch of concentrated plutonium solution on the floor and they had been sucking this stuff up with this K-9 Vessel. 18 inch in diameter it was not a critically safe vessel. So when they slurped it up into the tank it went critical. And according to my calculations from the year before it followed the form that would be expected for a solution of plutonium nitrate. It had a big spike of neutrons coming off and then all of a sudden it died down. The reaction stopped. But then when the solution collapsed upon itself then it started up again. So you get a 2-peak burst that tails off. What happens is when a plutonium solution goes critical like that the radiation is so high it separates the hydrogen oxygen into gasses they form bubbles and the bubbles rise. When bubbles rise the solution expands. What they call the buckling of the configuration then is diminished with respect to the K factor the K effect. The multiplication of the neutrons stops and goes sub-critical. And then as the solution collapses on itself as the bubbles clear that solution it goes critical again. But this time it doesn’t peak out as high. And as I say when I did the calculations the year before people wouldn’t believe me. So when that happened everybody of course cleared the building. I was downtown getting a haircut it was on a Saturday. So I called out and I said, "Has anybody thought about going out to the incinerator building?" In the incinerator building we took all the scraps from 234-5 building-coveralls, hood covers, and scrap out of the hoods that was combustible put it in boxes and take it over to the incinerator building and burn all of that. Well we didn’t want to get too much plutonium together in that facility so we had a neutron monitor there all the time that people watched to make sure that the neutron background level didn’t get too high. That would indicate that there was too much plutonium collecting in the facility. So this monitor was on. Well that was probably at least 100 yards away through a couple of concrete walls about 8” thick. And sure enough they got the charts at my request. I went out and picked them up and there was that trace of the neutrons as the neutrons increased went high and then they fell back and then picked up again. So then we could watch the neutron flux like you say from 100 yards away through some concrete walls. So those instruments were that sensitive. At that time W.E. Johnson was the manager here and Paul Ranker was the manager of the 200 Areas. So I was requested to explain to them why my model worked. Nobody else would support that concept when I developed that model the year before. And sure enough that’s the way it happens. Part of my calculations were based on work that Klaus Fuchs had done down at Los Alamos before he defected to the Russians. He was working on the boiling water reactor at Los Alamos and came up with the equations for that type of system and sure enough that’s how it works. AUDIENCE MEMBER: What was the timing of those sites. Do you recall? RAY: Oh it was a very short period. I’ve got my charts at home. I kept a copy of my charts because I used unclassified information to develop the model. ROGER: Is that what they call Rankers Reactor? We heard stories it was called that. RAY: Yeah Rankers Reactor a boiling water reactor. TERRI: Was that guy OK? RAY: They did some checks on the sodium isotope ratio in his body. While he didn’t get a critical dose he was affected. He could never go back into a radiation zone. But he lived a normal life after that. But as an operator in a non-radioactive environment. There was another young guy in there with CD so they did a biopsy on his testicles because that was what affected. And he suffered more from that than he did from his exposure to the neutrons. (Laughter) ROGER: Speaking of radiation that reminds me of a story. The first is true but I don’t know about the rest. Dupont and GE later if there was a particular job in a high radiation zone they usually used supervisors or engineers because most of the operators got their dose during the day. The story was that a fuel element, a slug, got stuck in the elevator in the rear of the reactor. And one of the 8” fuel elements would probably give you a lethal dose in about 20 or 30 seconds. Well Bill was to go out with I think it was an 8 foot pole and run out to the elevator and try to poke this fuel element loose. He was told to poke only twice. Whether you get it or not get back. The radiation monitor was standing right around the corner to see what the reading was. Bill ran out poked it. It dropped off the first time and he ran backwards so fast he knocked over the radiation monitor around the corner. (Laughter). He was one of the older guys when he came out he was 32 and they called him Pappy. RAY: It was all young people. MARY: Very young people with a high birth rate. RAY: Our first son who is now a doctor here in town was born in the old barracks the old KadlecHospital. MARY: Yes both of our children were born there. TERRI: And did you come out here married or did you get married once you got here? RAY: I got married the year before I graduated. So we were married and came out together. TERRI: So what did she think of coming out here to this part of the EvergreenState? RAY: She was born and raised in Rochester which is south of Olympia about 20 miles fir trees all around. I was born in the desert down in Arizona and I like desert country. She thought it was pretty bleak. But we stayed. TERRI: So did she know what your job was? Sort of? RAY: Well not really because again we couldn’t talk about it. She got herself a job in the suggestion department. So she worked out in the old HanfordHigh School that was where her office was. She got to see a lot of stuff out there. TERRI: I’ll bet she got to see some interesting suggestions. Some of which you may not want to talk about. (Laughter). RAY: Walt Smizer was one of her bosses. Jack Perrard and Walt Smizer. But back to the production days another thing that was interesting. I was in process control and then followed the process into the 234-5 building. Me and another guy developed the process that is still used today isolating the plutonium from the nitrate solution converting it to metal. Following that I became in charge of the final plutonium shapes that were shipped down to Los Alamos and then Rocky Flats. So I got awful close to the parts. We handled them with our hands if you can believe. They were plated with a coating on them so we could walk around in the room literally with the pieces of plutonium. TERRI: With gloves or no? RAY: Well you could have like surgical gloves but that was just a precaution in case there was any plutonium smeared around and hopefully you wouldn’t smear any around you wouldn’t drop any. But when they shifted to the high production effort during the height of the cold war years we were kind of faced with a dilemma in identifying or measuring what we called the neutron “emacivity” rate. And of course that would depend on how much 240 was in the 239 plutonium. Well when we got into that aspect of it. Well when plutonium fissions by itself you know it’s a natural fission it’s a natural fission product that emits neutrons all the time. But depending upon the mass of plutonium there would be what you call self- multiplication. The more plutonium together then the more the plutonium would return the neutrons within itself and it would give off more neutrons because of this multiplying effect. Well when we got into this higher level of 240 we didn’t have the mathematics to make corrections for the self-multiplication. So what we did is we had cylinders of plutonium-right circular cylinders like a hockey puck or several hockey pucks. And so what we did is we went on weekends we would run our experiments and if you can imagine Robert Lewis Stevenson- Bob Stevenson was one of the new criticality analysts and I became one and then Dr. Dwayne Clayton ran the Critical Mass Laboratories. So the three of us and we had an instrument tech with replicate instruments and he called this operation Rubber Knee. So we would take these right circular cylinders of plutonium and then we would stack them up and then we would get a neutron count. And then we’d stack another one on and we’d get a neutron count. Well if you plot the reciprocal of the neutron count as the neutron increases then if you take the inverse of that the fraction becomes much smaller all the time. So you plot the reciprocal of the neutron count you know 1 over the neutron count as the neutron count gets bigger this number gets smaller. So you get a curve that comes down and as it comes down it tends to level off. And where the line crosses 0 that’s when the mass is critical. That’s when you have a self-sustaining nuclear reaction. And of course the process of that is disassembly is the rule of thumb. That’s what happened down in Los Alamos with the slope that was tickling the Dragons Tail when he was trying to find out what the critical mass was for an plutonium bomb. And of course he got an excess of radiation and he died from it. But we would never go up past 98% critical. We could identify that very readily. But as a consequence of that we were able to correct that self-multiplication as we had more of that 240 in these weapons parts. TERRI: So that’s what they called Tickling the Dragons Tail? That’s what they called it? RAY: That’s what Los Alamos called it. We called it critical mass analysis. TERRI: What was that about Rubber Knees? RAY: Oh that was the instrument technician you know because when you keep stacking stuff up and you get more and more neutron emissions well you know …when will it go critical? That’s why independently Dwayne (Dr. Clayton), Bob Stevenson, and myself all did triplicate analyses of where we were and we had to agree 100%. No disagreement between the three of us. And then we’d take it a next step but we would predict what the next step would be. Then we would go back to our calculations and see if our prediction was correct. So as a consequence of that we were able to determine what the self-multiplication was with this higher isotope concentration. The other fact was that we used an americium-beryllium source as our trigger in the weapons components to get our neutron readings. From our equations we could calculate the emacivity for these weapons parts. Well what happens is as your americium-beryllium ages americium decays and as a consequence you don’t get the same emission rate. And so what you have to do then is you have to correct your calculations for that. Well I got into an argument with the people at Los Alamos over this and they said you don’t have to worry about that. Well we were pushing the limits on our reactions out here to get maximum production and it did make a difference. So we finally got an allowance from them that would allow us to correct for the age of our americium-beryllium source. So some more of the interesting aspects of working at the 234-5 building. TERRI: Sounds like an awful lot of math. RAY: Oh yeah. TERRI: It does to me it sounds like an awful lot of math. And you didn’t have calculators? RAY: Oh yeah we did. We had Freeden-Marchant mechanical calculators. And of course we had our slide rules. And slide rules are good to 3 decimal points. Three significant figures I should say not 3 decimal points. And by interpolating you can stretch it to 4. TERRI: Kind of like if you knew generally what it should be then it probably is going to be if you are out 3 figures already. If you can see patterns then you pretty much figure out what the next one was going to be. RAY: Yeah you can interpolate yeah. I learned an awful lot about math. TERRI: Well when we take kids through the museum one of the things that I have them do when they look at the exhibit of the office up there is I ask them …Where is the computer? Where is the calculator? And of course there isn’t one. But there is a slide rule there. And when I tell them that’s what they used they just look at me. And I just look back and think I don’t know how to do it either. (Laughter). RAY: Well there are tricks you can use with a slide rule to extend it to 5 figures but that’s pushing it just a little bit too far. TERRI: Just a little bit. Then did you find that when you were here working did the other women were they accepting of the fact that we’re just not going to talk about it? Mary: Oh yes you didn’t talk about it because well one thing that happened was the first year we were here some man tried to crawl into the window of the women’s dorm. He was out of here out of town the next day. That was the end of that. Even though that wasn’t a security infraction. I mean as far as the plant was concerned. He was out. TERRI: Well I’ll bet that may have scared some of the women and if they lost some of the women they would have to replace them. So in a way it’s a security concern. MARY: Another thing that happened with Roger before he came out here. When he knew he was coming the FBI went to his parents in St. Paul. It scared the daylights out of them. They couldn’t imagine why the FBI was investigating him …what had he done? It was just so he could work here. ROGER: That is the exact words my mother used … Roger what have you done? (Laughter). MARY: Well he couldn’t tell her what he was doing and she was really upset about that having the FBI. TERRI: Now back then did they wear the same suit that they wear now? You can spot an FBI guy by their suit. MARY: I don’t know about that. Well I don’t think they dress that way now so much. We have a relative that’s an FBI agent. He’s pretty casual. RAY: Well there was very tight security. As I say I got into some advanced clearances. But what really ticked me off was I went back east with GE and I became the manager of the new product development section of GE Wire and Cable. In that operation there we were working on some new systems for Phased Array Radar. Or super detection of highflying objects or things like that. Well I had to go back through and get another clearance check because in the military the Air Force in that area does not recognize the AEC “Q” clearances or weapons clearances. So they had to go back through all my history again. I had to write down all my jobs when I was there what I did there and so forth. And when I moved, what my addresses were. Who I knew and things like that. Their list of questions was much tougher than the AEC “Q” clearance. TERRI: Now once it got out what Hanford did what they were doing over the years. Was there any problem with people not wanting to come here and work here? Did you notice any difference in like people wanting the jobs? RAY: People follow money. ROGER: There was a junior depression in the late 30’s I think that attracted a lot of the construction workers. This was a good deal. RAY: Wages were high here. TERRI: So even well I’m thinking now later on when people started to become more fearful of atomic things. It seems like for a while everything atomic was wonderful. It was the new coming age. And the in the media in comics and things you started getting a darker side. I’m wondering if there was any problem recruiting? RAY: People trade on fears. People trade on fears. MARY: Well especially the anti-nukes on the west side of the state. They are very anti Hanford. And they promote a lot of publicity that is anti-nuke and it scares people there. When Roger worked in the museum when it was still in the federal building, a man brought his mother in and she said, " Well is there any radiation in the museum?" And her son said, “ Well of course mother there is.” And she wasn’t going to walk in to the museum. She believed him. (Laughter) Well of course it wasn’t true. You wouldn’t have a museum with radiation in it. RAY: You’d get cosmic bombardment. TERRI: If you had a sunroof. Oh no radiation from the sun. ROGER: We had Fiesta ware. Dangerously radioactive. RAY: Yeah. This ceramicist well actually he was a stone carver. I forget his name now. But he was going to make a stone for B Reactor. A round block. MARY: Jim Accord? RAY: Yeah Jim Accord. And of course he collected all these Fiesta ware dishes and he pulverized them and took the glazing off them which has uranium in it. And he collected his uranium that way. Of course he’s got lots of stories about all the problems that he had because he had this uranium from the Fiesta ware that he had concentrated that he used as a radiation source. To listen to him and all the problems that he had the way that they treated him was just absolutely asinine. But that’s because of scare stories through the media. ROGER: He did finally get a license. RAY: He got a license. ROGER: And he had it tattooed on the back of his neck. Maybe he had too much radiation. (Laughter). RAY: Well then we had a chemist out here by the name of Gaylen Windsor. I don’t know if you have ever heard of him. But he worked out there. He had a house not too far from where Ralph lives. He used to give lectures and talks about the radioactivity and things like that and how these people were nuts about how dangerous uranium was. So he had a little sample of uranium oxide. It’s very green so he gave a lick on his tongue and shows that green tongue and thinks nothing of it because the amount of radiation active in uranium is very small. In reality it’s a very low level of radioactivity. And then there’s the guy who worked in the beryllium research back AmesIowa. They were working on uranium processing back there at the University of Ames, Iowa there. He always chewed snoose. So he always had these dregs on the sides of his mouth from this snoose. TERRI: Was that like chewing a tobacco? RAY: Yeah chewing tobacco. Anyway working in this area where they have lots of this dust uranium dust it was green. So they used to call him the Green Hornet. (Laughter). And then when he retired from that job or left that job they wanted to take a bone section to determine how much radioactivity he had in his system. He absolutely refused. He said you’re not going to cut me up. MARY: One of the other places was on the buses in town. There were big signs … Silence Means Security. If you went to the movies that was flashed on the screen. It was everyplace. You got a big dose of security. You just didn’t talk about it unless you wanted to be out of a job and out of town. You just shut up. TERRI: Now was that rumored or did you know that people had to end up having to leave in a hurry? Beside the one guy you tried to… MARY: The one man is the only one we knew of for sure. But there were probably others. But you just did not do anything that would jeopardize security. RAY: You just maintained your own integrity. If you screwed it up you weren’t of the quality to continue working here couldn’t be trusted. TERRI: So it wasn’t a matter so much of government repression as it was a matter of integrity. That you were doing something to help win the war to help advance science. RAY: And it was an attitude too. TERRI: And if people didn’t maintain that they probably wouldn’t want to stay. MARY: That’s right. AUDIENCE MEMBER: I knew a lady whose husband worked here he was no longer alive. He was hired in the very early days when they were just starting. She said the interviewer giving the interview said, " Do you talk in your sleep?" He said, “Why? Why has that anything to do with it?” “We can’t hire you because you are known to talk in your sleep.” TERRI: Wow-wow! AUDIENCE MEMBER: You might say something to your wife. TERRI: And who knows what she might be ahhhh! So now the wives who didn’t work did they have to get security clearances too? EVERYONE: No. TERRI: So just the women that went to work. MARY: But I didn’t. You were supposed to go to a security meeting when you started working at Hanford. I went to one the day before I quit. (Laughter) That was the first and only one I ever went to. TERRI: How long did you work? MARY: About 6 months- 7 months. TERRI: So then they may have been very efficient in making all of this other stuff but they weren’t very efficient at keeping track of who had their meetings. MARY: No. TERRI: Well they just took one look at you and they knew that you didn’t need this. (Laughter). MARY: Oh sure. I don’t think so. I don’t think so. (More laughter). No they didn’t trust anybody, which is fine. AUDIENCE MEMBER: Well did you know anything? I mean you said you didn’t talk about anything. But did you actually know anything? MARY: No because you were only told what you needed to know for your specific job. TERRI: Do you think that’s why you really don’t feel much fear? Because you really didn’t know what was going on? MARY: Exactly. RAY: I would say no. It depends what job you were in. I wasn’t a nurse in that part of it. But I was out there in the middle of where we handled parts that went into the Atomic Bombs. TERRI: But you didn’t know what was going on. Really. RAY: Oh yes we did. TERRI: Oh you did know. RAY: Oh absolutely. TERRI: Well she asked if you did know what was going on. ROGER: Not in ’44 though. RAY: No not in ’44. TERRI: Ok. That’s what I think she was talking about the fear factor and I was wondering if that was because people only knew what they needed to know. MARY: We didn’t have any fear about it. ROGER: Well you didn’t know what to fear. RAY: Depending on what job you had- yes and no. Again back to when we were producing the plutonium parts for the thermonuclear devices it was a whole new world. Because now you were making in essence you were making a container for the Tritium Bombs. And of course that had to be some very tough specifications. Also it increased the inventory of plutonium that we had to deal with. And we had a very limited space in which to handle this stuff. So we had this so called “Remote Mechanical A-Line” in part of our area where plutonium was being fabricated made into parts for the thermonuclear devices. And so I guess I can say they looked kind of like a hemispherical piece like a soup bowl or something. And so when it came down to … how much can you store in a given area? We used to have what we call mass limits. So many kilograms of plutonium would be in one type of area. But when we got into this area it was a more of a distributed shape rather than a compact shape. So now the question was how many of these things could you have in your storage array? Well we didn’t know. We didn’t know an awful lot about the mathematics of fast neutron systems. So Bob Stevenson and I and Dwayne Clayton got together again and said well the only way we can find out is to measure it. So again we stacked these things up in this storage array- an endless track kind of an oval. So when the operators wanted some … rotate around to get a piece that they wanted. Well again we did this on weekends. We went out there and we stacked these things up and we had a pretty good inventory of this stuff. So we would stack them up and we’d take our neutron count. Then make the calculations. Make our predictions. And that was the next step. And then when we got all done we had just short of a kiloton of plutonium in this one storage configuration. And we got up to a multiplication factor where we figured we were about 98% critical. But we went that far and we knew what we dealing with and how we were dealing with it and we had replicate instruments again to verify our neutron counts. And we had the three guys to verify the calculations and our predictions. And so we were able to come up with those kinds of controls. Today we couldn’t do that because of the fear mongering in the media that’s been creating fear and doubt in people’s minds. But if you knew what the heck you were doing. And if you monitored what you were doing. And you verified what you were doing. Without an error check going to lead. There was no limit to what you could do to get the kind of controls that you needed to meet the demand for weapons components to meet the insatiable appetite of the Cold War. It was just a kind of production frenzy… worldwide. So you knew what you were doing. You didn’t have to have someone telling you. You had to know what you were doing based on theory and physics based on the real world and control these things. You certainly wouldn’t want somebody in there that wouldn’t be responsible. TERRI: Well in a weekend we get people from all over visiting the museum. We get all kinds of people with all kinds of fears. I’m going to tell you a couple of stories that are on the ridiculous end. But what I want you to maybe move us into reality. One was a group of school children who came by bus from the west side. And they were here for a full day. They were going through the museum. They were doing some other activities. And they were going to have lunch out by the Columbia River. And the teacher had gotten them so worked up they were afraid to sit by the river to eat their lunch. So now we’re on the ridiculous end of the scale right. Moving a little bit farther up the ridiculous scale. Remember in the paper not too long ago there was a guy that was swimming the Columbia? I understand that when he went by Hanford he put on a special suit. (Laughter) And he had people in boats going with him with radiation monitors to make sure he was ok. Now what I wanted to do was get into the collections and get into one of those suits and go out by the river with a Geiger counter and just point at it and go … OOOOOHHH! But my boss didn’t think that was such a great idea. (Laughter). So from your perspective from both of you having worked at Hanford a long time. And you from the medical viewpoint. Do you think that was a reasonable thing to see him in that suit or was it overkill? RAY: It was stupidity. TERRI: Pure stupidity ok. (Laughter). RAY: I often think about giving up my little ion exchange water purifier to Ecology in Olympia so they could dismantle it. It’s been fully spent so I know there is a lot of residue in there. It may have some radionuclides in it of some kind. I offered to give that to them so they could dismantle it and check it … no strontium or cesium or whatever they might find. As it turns out that we have more uranium going down the river than we have from Hanford. Same way with thorium and of course radon. And tritium is in there from natural cosmic radiation quite a lot of it. As a matter of fact when we sampled deep water as part of the Basalt project that we working on many years back in the ‘70s. We had to take our deep-water samples and we had to bring them up into an argon atmosphere so there would no carbon dioxide from this atmosphere getting into this water because we felt that would taint it. As it turns out it didn’t. Atmospheric contamination of carbon-40 or something like that didn’t taint those water samples. So now you are looking for archaic water. How old is the water underground here? There is more radioactivity in the environment and we can tolerate that. We did some studies on that. TERRI: Roger you had a story come to mind. ROGER: Oh a fear story this is a story presumably true after the word got out about what Hanford was doing. Pasco was concerned about drinking water. So the lab sent a scientist down there to explain it all to them. Then after about a half hour nobody caught on to what he was saying. They couldn’t quite understand this complicated theories of stuff. So somebody said from the audience, "Should we drink the water or shouldn’t we?" He thought about it for a second and he said, “ I’ll give you the rule of 85. If you drank 85 gallons a day for 85 years you would get the maximum permissible dose for a civilian. So drink it.” (Laughter). Well Richland and Kennewick drink the stuff. It does take care of your hair though. (Laughter). TERRI: Nice and soft I can see that. (More laughter). MARY: Well we did have trouble with people in Pasco and Kennewick. When we came there were almost no stores in Richland. C C Anderson’s was in that building where Ariel's is. And that was a nice store. But we didn’t have dime stores and drug stores and all that good stuff and so we’d go to Pasco and Kennewick. Well when they found out that we worked and lived in Richland…Forget it we’re not selling it to you. I had one woman refuse to sell me more than one spool of thread because we lived here. TERRI: Well why? MARY: Because well they were so suspicious of everyone who lived in Richland because they didn’t know what was going on. They didn’t know we didn’t know either. (Laughter). They just didn’t…there was the Fear Factor there on their part. They didn’t understand what was going on and they didn’t want anything to do with Richland people. RAY: In the ‘40s and early ‘50s the political parties the rest of the counties would not accept like the Republican Party would not accept the Republicans from Richland as part of their leadership. When I worked on the Eisenhower campaign in 1951 I was absolutely surprised that Pasco and Kennewick had that kind of mentality with respect to the people in Richland. We were a foreign nation for all practical purposes. MARY: That’s the way we were treated. TERRI: That’s amazing. AUDIENCE MEMBER: With all the emphasis this weekend about B Reactor- 60th Anniversary of Startup I think it would be really interesting to hear you both describe the changes. Now it was designed for 250 megawatts and before it was shut down it was over 2000. Would you run through a sequence of events that let happen. RAY: Well I never followed reactor technology very closely except as it related to the production quality coming out of Hanford. AUDIENCE MEMBER: Well part of it was a change of fuel. RAY: Change of fuel. Also a reconfiguration of the fuel distribution in the reactor. I know that much about it. They flattened the flex. This gets into some rather complicated physics. TERRI: You know I think we will wrap up in a couple of minutes then if you guys want to talk complicated physics. MARY: I have one thing to say…B Reactor is not the only one celebrating their 60th anniversary. In two weeks we’ll have our 60th anniversary. TERRI: Oh! (Applause). ROGER: Seems like it was just yesterday. MARY: I have another story about the early days. ROGER: As a matter of fact there’s nothing that isn’t a story about the early days. (Laughter). MARY: I was just going to say…When the Villager came out and said that the Bomb had been dropped and the war was over. Everybody was out celebrating. The people next door to us were standing out there drinking a cocktail and the park was full of people celebrating and it was just really an exciting time. Finally we knew what was going on. That was the first knew. We never knew a thing until then. TERRI: That must have been exciting. MARY: It was exciting. TERRI: Ok last story Roger. ROGER: Alright. This is Greger’s…I think there was a lot of contingency in the early reactors. And of course they weren’t sure what to expect. So they did a lot things just to make sure that everything worked right. One of the things that they did they even had a de-aerator to take the air out of the water because any nitrogen or argon with the water would absorb neutrons and slow down the reaction. And they talked about getting colder water. One plant even had a giant air conditioner, which was never used. And there were other factors like Ray mentioned they increased the uranium-238 to get more neutrons. And there were small steps along the way that just got snowballed. AUDIENCE MEMBER: When I was out there they changed the diameter and the configuration of the fuel elements by having a hole there right in the center. RAY: That was N Reactor. ROGER: Even the old reactors. TERRI: Well I would like to thank you guys very much for coming. You know what I think? I’m relieved that there wasn’t a whole lot of fear. I really am. I’m glad there were confidant people that were working on these things that knew what they were doing and I don’t worry about living here. In upstate New York some of my relatives were a little concerned when I moved here. We moved here during the time of the burping tank and made national news and they were all a little bit worried but having met people like you guys and people who have worked here since the beginning I know I have a lot of confidence in science and the scientists and I am very optimistic about the future of the area. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:16:35 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 317kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Fear Factor Subject The topic of the resource Hanford Atomic Products Operation Description An account of the resource Roger Rohrbacher, Mary Rohrbacher, and Ray Issacson describe their experiences during the construction and subsequent operation of HEW facilities during WWII and the early years of the Cold War. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CREHST Museum Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/12/2004 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D-4A / T.2010.052.011 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F61e5ce8a57120cbc92b21ad70f990c77.tif 0458da3602f66714de6b58d308fcac25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jerry Tallent, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Jerry Tallent Description An account of the resource Items donated by Jerry Tallent to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/825">Jerry Tallent oral history interview</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The First Functionoid ODEX I Description An account of the resource ODEX I was built for remote observation of dangeriously radioactive areas, specifically Three Mile Island. According to Jerry Tallent the prototype was not very funcational and although another was requested it was not built. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Odetics inc. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Tallent003 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource TIFF Language A language of the resource English Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fe93b5c8682ef2176385c00e0fc883c73.tif b77c9a8b8a8f1758ca68a1b8d020d96e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Physical Brochure Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 22 x 28 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Future is Here Today! Description An account of the resource Westinghouse Hanford Company brochure for attracting new workers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Westinghouse Hanford Company Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Westinghouse Hanford Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 1979 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource tiff Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Brochure Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Westinghouse Hanford Company - The Future is Here Today Date Available Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available. 2022 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Ff73d142349aeb18f37b7a2ba6814aba0.pdf 1c5f285d0b2b0e9236ac93110cc33b5a Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Printed Brochure Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 28.5 x 23 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Hanford Science Center Brochure Description An account of the resource Brochure advertising the Hanford Science Center Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available AEC-RL Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Printed Brochure Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Hanford_Science_Center_Brocure_001 Date Available Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available. 2022 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F2f7336d8f6f9e8c433aa21a8b28a9dad.pdf c6ca765d48d7695fe89e1ab0b260f7bd Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Printed Booklet Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 15 x 23 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Hanford Story Description An account of the resource 15 x 23 cm: AEC booklet recounting the history of Hanford from the Manhattan Project to the N-Reactor Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource AEC-ITT/FSS Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available AEC-ITT/FSS Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Printed Booklet Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The_Hanford_Story001 Date Available Date (often a range) that the resource became or will become available. 2022 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fa168640cf61b8bd95e06b889cc390ae5.tif 3fef9bab3cace2def6f0559ca8c01d94 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lorraine Ferqueron, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Lorraine Ferqueron Description An account of the resource Items donated by Lorraine Ferqueron to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/802">Lorraine Ferqueron oral history interview</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Long Family, 1910 Description An account of the resource Jay, Rosgetta, Augustus, Lara, Frank and Coralea Wood, Otis, Blanche. Roszella, Solomon and Jake. Children of Rosgetta and Augustus (Edith, Florence, Ethel, Forest and Helen). Children of Blanche and Otis (Stanley, Flora, Valley and Fern) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2H_010 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource TIFF Language A language of the resource English https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fe90e6807e0898bfd750b1e20687e1db7.jpg 8f8b50e168f066c64d04fc5b673f2bd9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection Subject The topic of the resource History of the Hanford, WA and White Bluffs, WA town sites and the Hanford Site. Description An account of the resource Photographs donated to the Hanford History Project by the family of Harry and Juanita Anderson. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection has been graciously donated by their family members. This collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the residents of White Bluffs, Hanford, and the surrounding areas that were forced by the government to sell their land and leave the area, in order to make way for the Manhattan Project. Also, housed in the collection is information regarding the reunions and picnics that were held for the families affected by the relocation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The McFee's Description An account of the resource "Mrs. John McFee, Jean McFee, Louise McFee. One of the River Fleet Rozelle McFee, Jean McFee, Louise McFee" Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I_102 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F4ffaef1c43748a560ba8960fbac83c8a.jpg 8d14f926fc3bb4ab88f4cd5f6bf2df12 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection Subject The topic of the resource History of the Hanford, WA and White Bluffs, WA town sites and the Hanford Site. Description An account of the resource Photographs donated to the Hanford History Project by the family of Harry and Juanita Anderson. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection has been graciously donated by their family members. This collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the residents of White Bluffs, Hanford, and the surrounding areas that were forced by the government to sell their land and leave the area, in order to make way for the Manhattan Project. Also, housed in the collection is information regarding the reunions and picnics that were held for the families affected by the relocation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Produce Co. General Store street scene Description An account of the resource Street scene of the Produce Company General Store, in White Bluffs. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I_1048 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fed4d780aec0ee50e9a8448252a54a8ba.jpg a2792fc987035670408f5d9fcf9fd730 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection Subject The topic of the resource History of the Hanford, WA and White Bluffs, WA town sites and the Hanford Site. Description An account of the resource Photographs donated to the Hanford History Project by the family of Harry and Juanita Anderson. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection has been graciously donated by their family members. This collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the residents of White Bluffs, Hanford, and the surrounding areas that were forced by the government to sell their land and leave the area, in order to make way for the Manhattan Project. Also, housed in the collection is information regarding the reunions and picnics that were held for the families affected by the relocation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Produce Company General Store street scene Description An account of the resource Street sceene at the Produce Company General Store on the Fourth of July, in White Bluffs. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I_1345 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fb1fe41c46708263c8a20d776da8e599c.jpg 0f5bc198d1ecd4e60bc4cd8672674b86 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection Subject The topic of the resource History of the Hanford, WA and White Bluffs, WA town sites and the Hanford Site. Description An account of the resource Photographs donated to the Hanford History Project by the family of Harry and Juanita Anderson. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection has been graciously donated by their family members. This collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the residents of White Bluffs, Hanford, and the surrounding areas that were forced by the government to sell their land and leave the area, in order to make way for the Manhattan Project. Also, housed in the collection is information regarding the reunions and picnics that were held for the families affected by the relocation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Produce Company troops standing for flag Description An account of the resource The Produce Company "Dealers in merchandise…" July 4th celebration, with troops standing for the American flag. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 07/04/1913 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I_1052 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Faad6de70a8b84c88e68fba2b58d809fa.pdf 782af7d965a28c4ff07eb5c40a5dc765 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fd78136f18bf2e185c20789814601277a.pdf fbd854bc78f76f5a372d20fd891cf877 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richland Weekly Bulletin Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers, Clippings, Swimming, Swimming pools, Refrigerators, Recreation, Religious services, Telegraph, Theaters, History, Religious communities, Hospitals, Picnics, Safety, Summer, Canning & preserving, Baseball, Coal, Bicycles & tricycles, Cleaning, Engineers, Dogs, Tennis, Geology, Grocery stores, Clinics, Drugstores, Trees, Transportation, Agriculture, Farming, Schools, Churches, Nuclear power, Farm produce, Softball, Banks, Fires, Gardens, Holidays Description An account of the resource Scanned images of the Richland Weekly Bulletin; a newspaper distributed throughout the Richland village, during World War II. (Volume 1) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanford Engineer Works Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944/01/28-1944/08/11 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG3D_1A_001-RG3D_1A_025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Richland Bulletin No. 15 Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers, Clippings, Horses, Safety, Theaters, First aid, Recreation, Religious services, Telegraph, Theaters, History, Religious communities, Churches, Milk, Milkmen, Softball Description An account of the resource Scanned images of the The Richland Bulletin; a newspaper distributed throughout the Richland village, during World War II. (Volume 1) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanford Engineer Works Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944/03/24 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG3D_1A_019a, RG3D_1A_019b https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fbdcbccd83f432516b7060f1d652539f5.pdf a174a61a307de9de1d28add58659ddf9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richland Weekly Bulletin Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers, Clippings, Swimming, Swimming pools, Refrigerators, Recreation, Religious services, Telegraph, Theaters, History, Religious communities, Hospitals, Picnics, Safety, Summer, Canning & preserving, Baseball, Coal, Bicycles & tricycles, Cleaning, Engineers, Dogs, Tennis, Geology, Grocery stores, Clinics, Drugstores, Trees, Transportation, Agriculture, Farming, Schools, Churches, Nuclear power, Farm produce, Softball, Banks, Fires, Gardens, Holidays Description An account of the resource Scanned images of the Richland Weekly Bulletin; a newspaper distributed throughout the Richland village, during World War II. (Volume 1) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanford Engineer Works Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944/01/28-1944/08/11 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG3D_1A_001-RG3D_1A_025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Richland Housing Department Bulletin #12 Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers, Clippings, Medical education, Clinics, Hospitals, History, Safety, Theaters Description An account of the resource Scanned images from the Richland Weekly Bulletin; a newspaper distributed throughout the Richland village, during World War II. (Volume 1) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanford Engineer Works Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944/02/25 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG3D_1A_022 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F4674c860e2250c760dbefe29d1e06b73.pdf df3d1d73f36a739c1d787a73d86e6b54 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richland Weekly Bulletin Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers, Clippings, Swimming, Swimming pools, Refrigerators, Recreation, Religious services, Telegraph, Theaters, History, Religious communities, Hospitals, Picnics, Safety, Summer, Canning & preserving, Baseball, Coal, Bicycles & tricycles, Cleaning, Engineers, Dogs, Tennis, Geology, Grocery stores, Clinics, Drugstores, Trees, Transportation, Agriculture, Farming, Schools, Churches, Nuclear power, Farm produce, Softball, Banks, Fires, Gardens, Holidays Description An account of the resource Scanned images of the Richland Weekly Bulletin; a newspaper distributed throughout the Richland village, during World War II. (Volume 1) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanford Engineer Works Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944/01/28-1944/08/11 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG3D_1A_001-RG3D_1A_025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Richland Housing Department Bulletin #8 Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers, Clippings, Electricity, History, Horses, Safety Description An account of the resource Scanned images from the Richland Weekly Bulletin; a newspaper distributed throughout the Richland village, during World War II. (Volume 1) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanford Engineer Works Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944/01/28 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG3D_1A_024 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fd1085809943f6166d4c7e3875a4fcd9c.pdf 0041b217cd47653101ba18f52b4da0a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Richland Weekly Bulletin Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers, Clippings, Swimming, Swimming pools, Refrigerators, Recreation, Religious services, Telegraph, Theaters, History, Religious communities, Hospitals, Picnics, Safety, Summer, Canning & preserving, Baseball, Coal, Bicycles & tricycles, Cleaning, Engineers, Dogs, Tennis, Geology, Grocery stores, Clinics, Drugstores, Trees, Transportation, Agriculture, Farming, Schools, Churches, Nuclear power, Farm produce, Softball, Banks, Fires, Gardens, Holidays Description An account of the resource Scanned images of the Richland Weekly Bulletin; a newspaper distributed throughout the Richland village, during World War II. (Volume 1) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanford Engineer Works Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944/01/28-1944/08/11 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG3D_1A_001-RG3D_1A_025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Richland Housing Department Bulletin #9 Subject The topic of the resource Newspaper, Clippings, Electricity, Safety, History, Cooperation Description An account of the resource Scanned images from the Richland Weekly Bulletin; a newspaper distributed throughout the Richland village, during World War II. (Volume 1) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanford Engineer Works Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944/02/05 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG3D_1A_023 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F204353b87ea970943b451de6f871d99a.jpg 2047c826ae0b5a481426ec727068679e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stephanie Janicek, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Stephanie Janicek Description An account of the resource Items donated by Stephanie Janicek to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/809">Stephanie Janicek Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Richland Reactor-A Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers; Nuclear reactors; Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Janicek, Stephanie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 09/22/1966 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2O027 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fdeb0acea06ab60d763a6991e7eeb20d7.jpg 89a3e5134a07eb21fe5da51c2471f73c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stephanie Janicek, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Stephanie Janicek Description An account of the resource Items donated by Stephanie Janicek to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/809">Stephanie Janicek Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Richland Reactor-B Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers; Nuclear reactors; Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Janicek, Stephanie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 09/22/1966 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2O028 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F68942de0b4c5327b0d7ded6bf674c8c8.jpg d4f256090ed6e8fcd1e5ff100eaf811b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stephanie Janicek, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Stephanie Janicek Description An account of the resource Items donated by Stephanie Janicek to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/809">Stephanie Janicek Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Richland Reactor-C Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers; Nuclear reactors; Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Janicek, Stephanie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 09/22/1966 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2O029 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fd9c218abc83ed04743ca23e510a0bdcf.jpg 4ac42bd5db305b9c214df7ffb78b84a0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stephanie Janicek, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Stephanie Janicek Description An account of the resource Items donated by Stephanie Janicek to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/809">Stephanie Janicek Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Richland Reactor-D Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers; Nuclear reactors; Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Janicek, Stephanie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 09/22/1966 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2O030 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F5e803b268775f2280a7ddb95c50eb518.jpg 39fb7d48a589d44df1912687d8cfe9f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stephanie Janicek, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Stephanie Janicek Description An account of the resource Items donated by Stephanie Janicek to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/809">Stephanie Janicek Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Richland Reactor-E Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers; Nuclear reactors; Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Janicek, Stephanie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 09/22/1966 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2O031 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F2dc63e5bb1b112cfbb26dbd6a8855a30.jpg d0270a4dbfde318a80e670ba99527a46 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stephanie Janicek, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Stephanie Janicek Description An account of the resource Items donated by Stephanie Janicek to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/809">Stephanie Janicek Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Richland Reactor-F Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers; Nuclear reactors; Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Janicek, Stephanie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 09/22/1966 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2O032 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Faaa780fbb6858618cad59e7a0758e504.jpg ead724021e6d81ccaaff08dcbe774776 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stephanie Janicek, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Stephanie Janicek Description An account of the resource Items donated by Stephanie Janicek to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/809">Stephanie Janicek Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Richland Reactor-G Subject The topic of the resource Newspapers; Nuclear reactors; Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Janicek, Stephanie Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 09/22/1966 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2O033 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F1442d4d1ac2f2ac6cf15c488498fe84f.docx 03606ad65ac5f928ba0b88e174745842 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hanford History Project Finding Aids Description An account of the resource Finding aids for archive collections held by the Hanford History Project at WSU Tri-Cities. The Hanford History Project collections generally relate to Hanford, but encompassing material outside of the Department of Energy Hanford Collection scope. This focus includes the town of Richland, pre-1943 and post-1990 Hanford Site history, and materials relating to Hanford not produced on the Hanford Site during the Manhattan Project and Cold War. See list of finding aids for specific collections. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Richland Villager Description An account of the resource From issue no. 1: “Villagers Inc., a non-profit organization open to all residents of Richland and nearby tract homes in the area, was formed here last month for the purpose of ‘providing means for contributing to the welfare, recreation, comfort, entertainment, and education of all persons residing here.’ Operating under the direction of a temporary board of directors and officers, representing all the major groups in the village, Villagers, Inc., is already publishing a weekly newspaper (the first issue of which is in your hands)…” H. Hayden Rector is credited with the idea of a village-wide organization to provide newspaper, library, and other cultural/educational services to Richland. Donald I. Graham Jr., was named the temporary president of Villagers, Inc., in 1945. The newspaper had an initial weekly run as “The Villager” from March 8, 1945 September 13, 1945. The September 20 issue saw a name change to “The Richland Villager” and a larger newsprint format until publication ceased on March 2, 1950, with the final issue in vol V, no. 53. The collection at Hanford History Project goes until December 12, 1949. There is a break in publication and at some point in the 1950s the Richland Villager picked up publication. Hanford History Project Collections start at vol. VI, no. 42 on April 21, 1960 and proceed until May 31, 1963. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Villagers, Inc. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1963 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F742ea17e8f883c5e5bac50656886c4a6.jpg 756691206cb5190b918107b11e703983 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dennis Brunson, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Dennis Brunson Description An account of the resource Items donated by Dennis Brunson to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/2081">Dennis Brunson oral history interview</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Right Team Subject The topic of the resource Teamwork (Sports) Description An account of the resource A drawing of boys on a baseball team. Type The nature or genre of the resource Pictures; Cartoons (Commentary) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Department of Energy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource Supplementary to Dennis Brunson oral history Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource TIFF Language A language of the resource English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brunson, Dennis https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F3daf4ac842bdddc7ac0e11646b39a6d5.docx a94fe48282ca217b63ff6479fd460772 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Guide to the Pre-Manhattan Project Towns of Hanford, White Bluffs, and Richland Subject The topic of the resource The towns of Hanford, White Bluffs and Richland Washington prior to 1943. Description An account of the resource Project funded by the Benton County, Washington Historical Preservation Grant. A virtual guide to the communities displaced when the federal government inaugurated the Manhattan Project on the Hanford Site in 1943. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Robberies in the towns of Hanford and White Bluffs, WA The White Bluffs Bank was robbed in March of 1922 by three men: John Burke, C.L. Potter and John Morrison<a title="">[1]</a>, and each were sentenced between 5 and 25 years in prison.<a title="">[2]</a> However, rumors persist that the bank was robbed multiple times in the few decades of its existence. In 1977, Virginia Kincaid Black, the daughter of White Bluffs bank manger W.J. Kincaid, gave an account of her fathers business which stated that one day she and the entire town witnessed two robbers getting apprehended by the police after attempting to rob the First National Bank of White Bluffs.<a title="">[3]</a> Kincaid said “it was quite a day for White Bluffs, to go out to go to the community hall…and the robbers went by.”<a title="">[4]</a> She also said that the robbers did not get very far, only making it to Yakima. However, no date is given for this robbery in the interview itself, and searches of the local newspapers and other literature of the time only turn up information on the first robbery in March of 1922. With all respect and gratitude towards her telling, Virginia Kincaid is likely mistaken about the second robbery, creating a narrative that has persisted for years and one that has ascended to the status of local legend. It is quite possible that the robbery she is referring to is the robbery of H.H. Boie’s dry goods and general store in November of 1915. H.H. Boie was a local businessman, operating the store, which opened March 17, 1910, after he came to the area in the summer of 1909<a title="">[5]</a>. Additionally, he also served as a freemason and his wife was very active in women’s clubs around the area for several years. The two robbers stole about one hundred dollars ($2,988.48 in 2023) from Boie’s safe, with the two men making the theft cleanly or having “left behind no clew” (sic) according to the Kennewick Courier.<a title="">[6]</a> They then retreated to a cabin about 40 miles away in nearby Beverly, before Sheriff C.E. Duffy and deputy James Shepherd arrested the two men, holding them in Prosser after they failed to provide satisfactory justification for their presence in the county<a title="">[7]</a>. Boie’s store was robbed again in a separate incident on the night of November 1st, 1932, in which the thieves stole between five and six hundred dollars worth of merchandise, according to Boie’s own estimation. The thieves broke in by breaking the padlock and picking the lock on the front door<a title="">[8]</a>. Some of the merchandise stolen included “cigarettes, cigars, gum, watches, rings, men’s and women’s clothing, underwear, gloves, women’s hats, groceries, etc.”<a title="">[9]</a> Boie didn’t discover that his store had been robbed until the following morning, after which officers were promptly notified and dispatched to look for the thieves. Boie’s store was also robbed a few months prior on July 29th, 1932. The robbers took a single .22 caliber revolver, after entering through a smashed window, and according to the White Bluffs Spokesman, “Nothing else has been missed”<a title="">[10]</a>, meaning the thieves were only after the weapon. No other robberies were reported for the rest of the time that Boie owned his store, which was until his death in April of 1942. H.H. Boie was survived by his wife and children, as evidenced by the announcement of his funeral service in May of 1942.<a title="">[11]</a> Boie’s legacy was one of service: he served as a chaplain in the freemasons in the months before his death, according to the Kennewick Courier-Reporter, in their reporting on the new officers within the freemasons.<a title="">[12]</a> That, in conjunction with owning his store for 31 years adds up to a record of a lifetime of service to the community. Bibliography “Budget Review Board of W.B. School Meets”. The Kennewick Courier-Reporter. May 7, 1942. “Hanford Happenings”. White Bluffs Spokesman. August 4, 1932. “Hanford Happenings”. White Bluffs Spokesman. March 18, 1937. “Liutenant Weihl Now Army Recruiting Officer”. The Kennewick Courier Reporter. January 22, 1942. Kincaid Black, Virginia. “Willard John Kincaid” By M. Jay Haney. Hanford History Project. <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/614">http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/614</a> Parker, Martha Berry. Tales Of Richland, White Bluffs and Hanford 1805-1943: Before The Atomic Reserve. Fairfield, Washington: Ye Galleon Press, 1979. “Robbers Blow Safe And Secure $100 in Hanford” The Kennewick Courier-Reporter. November 11, 1915. “To Try Allen Again”. The Kennewick Courier-Reporter. May 25, 1922. “Thieves Loot Boie Store At Hanford Tuesday Night”. White Bluffs Spokesman. November 3, 1932. U.S. Inflation Calculator”. https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/. April 26, 2023. <div> <div> <a title="">[1]</a> “To Try Allen Again”. The Kennewick Courier-Reporter. May 25, 1922. </div> <div> <a title="">[2]</a> Martha Berry Parker, Tales of Richland, White Bluffs & Hanford 1805-1943: Before the Atomic Reserve (Fairfield, Washington:Ye Galleon Press, 1979), pp. 215 </div> <div> <a title="">[3]</a> Virginia Kincaid Black. “Willard John Kincaid” By M. Jay Haney. Hanford History Project. http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/614 </div> <div> <a title="">[4]</a> Virginia Kincaid Black. “Willard John Kincaid” By M. Jay Haney. Hanford History Project. http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/614 </div> <div> <a title="">[5]</a> “Hanford Happenings”. White Bluffs Spokesman. March 18, 1937. </div> <div> <a title="">[6]</a> “Robbers Blow Safe And Secure $100 in Hanford” The Kennewick Courier-Reporter. November 11, 1915. </div> <div> <a title="">[7]</a> “Robbers Blow Safe And Secure $100 in Hanford” The Kennewick Courier-Reporter. November 11, 1915. </div> <div> <a title="">[8]</a> “Thieves Loot Boie Store At Hanford Tuesday Night”. White Bluffs Spokesman. November 3, 1932. </div> <div> <a title="">[9]</a> Thieves Loot Boie Store At Hanford Tuesday Night”. White Bluffs Spokesman. November 3, 1932. </div> <div> <a title="">[10]</a> “Hanford Happenings”. White Bluffs Spokesman. August 4, 1932. </div> <div> <a title="">[11]</a> “Budget Review Board of W.B. School Meets”. The Kennewick Courier-Reporter. May 7, 1942. </div> <div> <a title="">[12]</a> “Liutenant Weihl Now Army Recruiting Officer”. The Kennewick Courier Reporter. January 22, 1942. </div> </div> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The robberies of Hanford and White Bluffs, WA Subject The topic of the resource A virtual guide to the communities displaced when the federal government inaugurated the Manhattan Project on the Hanford Site in 1943. Funded by the Benton County, Washington Historical Preservation Grant. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Written by Mark Schafer Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F7ebfcea71e2ee675e1e9ce952f19d369.pdf 2345ceb1fe9bc7a8b86ee3554264331c https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F5714ba77f8cfe30c2d4e6b8034781012.jpg 5908acaedd73d49074de96e1f49866f4 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Faa117aa00cafc3fddd5fe7c2e205841e.jpg 0d1fde284a30c37853f83531e623bbe5 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F9a854852706731ba8c40151a95efab46.jpg 12f75779634e7929d2a880d7e14711f0 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F049611806dbc07e2f8c3d32c56e55474.jpg 20798c7e68bb26a0d982e9af87079c34 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource James L. Acord, sculptor Subject The topic of the resource Nuclear Science and Fine Art Description An account of the resource James Leroy Acord (1944–2011) was an artist recognized for his work with radioactive materials. His artistic practice involved creating sculptures and events that engaged with the history of nuclear engineering and addressed questions surrounding the long-term storage of nuclear waste. The James L. Acord archival collection chronicles the life, career, and legacy of Acord, who was the only private individual to be licensed for the artistic use of radioactive materials. Acord’s work is characterized by his efforts to combine nuclear science with contemporary sculpture. His nuclear license number was tattooed on his neck. For 15 years, Acord resided in Richland, Washington, a community established for the Hanford Nuclear Reservation. While there, he developed a proposal to construct a "Nuclear Stonehenge" on a contaminated section of the Hanford site, which would have incorporated twelve uranium breeder-blanket assemblies. He also created the sculpture, "Monstrance for a Grey Horse," which is located at Southwestern University in Georgetown, Texas. Acord lectured at art and nuclear industry events in both the United States and the United Kingdom. He also organized forums that convened artists, activists, and nuclear industry experts. From 1998 to 1999, he held an Artist in Residence position at Imperial College London. He died in Seattle on January 9, 2011, at the age of 66. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford History Project (HHP) operates under a sub-contract from Hanford Mission Integration Services (HMIS), who are a primary contract for the US Deparment of Energy's curatorial services for the Hanford Site. HHP proudly manages the Department of Energy's Hanford Collection, an artifact and archival collection that documents the Manhattan Project and Cold War history of the Hanford Site (1943-1990). Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Use of Uranium in Ceramic Tableware Subject The topic of the resource Nuclear Science and Fine Art Description An account of the resource This U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission document from August 1978 examines uranium use in ceramic tableware, tracing its application in glassware manufacturing through the development of various uranium-containing formulations for consumer products. The study presents technical data including spectral analysis charts, radiation measurements, dose calculations for population exposure, and a table of radionuclides found in tableware with corresponding beta energy doses. The research incorporates field measurements from survey-meter readings of typical place settings and specific Fiestaware samples, with calculations indicating that extended contact with radioactive tableware could result in measurable radiation doses to users. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Simpson, Robert E. and F. G. D. Shuman Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Radioactivity in Consumer Products Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Bureau of Radiological Health Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 1978 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource .pdf, .jpg Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item. Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford History Project (HHP) operates under a sub-contract from Hanford Mission Integration Services (HMIS), who are a primary contract for the US Deparment of Energy's curatorial services for the Hanford Site. HHP proudly manages the Department of Energy's Hanford Collection, an artifact and archival collection that documents the Manhattan Project and Cold War history of the Hanford Site (1943-1990). https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F750689ad9aec94775e3684de36e5236a.jpg 6292f42c505022a1129035bd599a54a4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection Subject The topic of the resource History of the Hanford, WA and White Bluffs, WA town sites and the Hanford Site. Description An account of the resource Photographs donated to the Hanford History Project by the family of Harry and Juanita Anderson. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection has been graciously donated by their family members. This collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the residents of White Bluffs, Hanford, and the surrounding areas that were forced by the government to sell their land and leave the area, in order to make way for the Manhattan Project. Also, housed in the collection is information regarding the reunions and picnics that were held for the families affected by the relocation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Wiehl's homestead Description An account of the resource "Mrs. Wiehl Wiehl homestead in east bank of River. 1. Tom, 2. Matt, 3. Louis" Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I_103 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F71f284dcb3f525e443fdcac53d39f6d9.jpg 003074a78bf2ba5cb5b1bf69013df17c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 8 x 11.5 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Theater Building Subject The topic of the resource Theater, Sign, Roads Description An account of the resource "1 photograph; 8 x 11.5 cm. Richland theater building." Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For permission to publish please contact Washington State University Tri-Cities' Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4B_0103 Date Accepted Date of acceptance of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Accepted may be relevant are a thesis (accepted by a university department) or an article (accepted by a journal). 2017-05-16 Date Submitted Date of submission of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department) or an article (submitted to a journal). 2018-11-01 Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. For permission to publish please contact Washington State University Tri-Cities' Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447. Roads Sign Theater https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Faf448459cdcc5e7efbc2ca494314098a.jpg 806b95874990c92df89106bf9d23c69c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Edward Milliman Description An account of the resource Items donated by Edward Milliman to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/817">Edward Milliman Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This is How You Make a Hamster Smoke Cigarettes Subject The topic of the resource Animal experimentation; Cigarettes; Smoking Description An account of the resource Edward Milliman operating a device that forces hamsters to smoke cigarettes. 30 cigarettes are loaded at the top and each corresponds to a hamster. The machine takes a "puff" every few seconds. Photograph number PNL 711513-59 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Battelle Northwest Photography Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2E011 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Ff117eb2b608733a3e90e232f68ef5be8.mpg 2a93771a8d50f6cc56b68969f51696d8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource B Reactor Museum Association Oral Histories Description An account of the resource Oral History Interviews conducted by the B Reactor Museum Association. The collection is split between a series of audio oral histories taken in the late 1990s and early 2000s by Gene Weisskopf that focuses on the T-Plant, and a series of video oral histories done in the early 1990s by Bill Putman that focus on the B Reactor and Hanford construction. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3, DOCX Language A language of the resource English Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Tom Putnam Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Thomas M. Clement Location The location of the interview Home of Thomas M. Clement Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound THOMAS CLEMENT INTERVIEW- Recorded on 3/15/92 Tom Putnam: If you’re ready, we’re ready. Thomas Clement: All right. Putnam: So, can you state your name and your position—what you did, you know, what your job title was. Clement: At the beginning? Putnam: Yeah. Clement: Thomas M. Clement, and I was transferred to Hanford in February of 1944 from Kings Mills, Ohio. That was the Remington Arms Plant at that time, making ammunition for the Armed Forces. And I was interviewed back there by Walt Simon, who turned up to be the plant manager for DuPont here, when he got here. And they allowed me to drive my car out here in February of ’44. I had snow all the way from Cincinnati to Pendleton, Oregon, so it took me eight days to make it. And when I started to work here, why, I was in training for the reactor instrumentation maintenance end of the business. When I got here, I did not know what we were doing here; I was not informed during the interview. But there was a college friend of mine here that I’d gone to college with in engineering and I was—they sent me down to Los Angeles for a couple weeks down to the Beckman Instrument Company to look over the Beckman RXGs, which were used in the control room. [VIDEO CUTS] Putnam: Okay, I’m sorry I was—had an interruption there. I’m sorry, can you start with that description again about, about—oh, you better tell me about the physics book again, too. I’m not sure I got that. So, if you could tell me that story, and then-- Clement: All right. In May of 1944, I was assigned to go down to Los Angeles to visit the Beckman Instrument Company at that time, who were manufacturing the Beckman RXG Micro-microammeters that would be used in the reactor control systems. They would measure the output of the ion chambers that would indicate the level of nuclear activity in the reactor block itself and were used as a matter of control and safety. At that time a classmate of mine back in college, Sherman Lloyd, said, while you’re there, why, go over to the Los Angeles Public Library and look at the Pollard and Davison physics book, and you’ll find out, essentially, what we’re into here at Hanford. So, I did this when I went to Los Angeles and got some idea of the type of thing that we were looking at. So, in other words, it didn’t—the book did say something about the feasibility, or possibility, of a nuclear bomb being manufactured. So after that, why, I continued my training. And the other thing I continued was courting my potential wife, who was living in Seattle and I was living here. I would get on the train in Pasco Saturday night and get over there in the morning and visit with her and then get on the train and come back here Sunday night and then go to work Monday morning. So, it was kind of hectic, but that ended a bit anyhow on August the 13th when we were married over in Seattle and I had a long honeymoon of three days up at Paradise Inn on Mt. Rainier. So then, shortly after that I was assigned out to B Reactor. I think it was about the first of September, and at that time, I was acting as a shift supervisor for the instrument crew, and we had--I think it was either four or six—Instrument technicians, I call them now, on each shift. Because we were training people for the other two reactor areas that were going to be started up at that time. This was B Reactor and we were going to start up D Reactor and F Reactor. [VIDEO CUTS] Putnam: --you went out to the Area and what it looked like, what stage the construction was in, or something like that, can you describe? Clement: The stage of the construction on our first tour, as I remembered—I think it was in April of ’44—and the D and F Reactors were just coming out of the ground—the buildings. And B, as I remember, the side walls on the reactor building were getting up pretty high. I think they were still laying the graphite in the pile, as I remember, at that time. And that would have been the year—actually the year the reactor started up. So if you put this in terms of building reactors today, it was a fantastic job from the standpoint of how fast it went along. When you figured that they got all three reactors started up within one year and-- Greg Greger: Excuse me. When they took you on this tour, what did they call this—you know, if they were going to show you this, how did they refer to it? Clement: Hmm. Well, the reactor, the only thing I remember is reactor. Greger: They did use that word? Clement: As I remember. Now I may be wrong, but that’s the way I remember it— Greger: I see. Clement: --so. And of course we were into the instrumentation and control of the reactor, too, as far as what was going on inside. So we had to measure the nuclear activity; we had to measure the heat generated, and all that sort of thing—I mean, with the thermocouples. And we had to measure the water flow through the reactor with the panelettes for the pressure monitor system. You know all about that, I’m sure. But-- Putnam: Were you developing instruments as you went along? Were you building new instruments? Clement: No, we were learning—in the process of learning what instruments had been provided to do the job. In other words, this was an orientation period for us. Which amounted to, I’d say, about six months or less, on a completely new field. Because we were assigned out to B Reactor, I think it was in the first part of September of 1944 on shift. And at that time we were preparing for reactor startup and—which went quite well as I remember it—up until the time that the reactor died because of the poison—the nuclear poison. Enrico Fermi was there at that time, and it took him, I think, less than a day to come up with the answer. It turns out that DuPont—who was in charge of the construction and in charge of the operation of the reactors, in their design work back in Wilmington, Delaware—had decided to put at least one or more extra rows of process tubes around it—the outside of the reactor—so that—the critical—they could put in more uranium to enhance the critical mass if some of the calculations were not right. So, when Enrico Fermi went through the process of calculating what had happened with the shutdown of the reactor, why, all they did was to charge the outer rows—I think it was one or two rows; I can’t remember which—of processed tubes with more uranium. And then we were able to proceed along with normal operation of the reactor. So, this would overcome the poisoning of the—what was the material that was— Greger: Xenon? Clement: Xenon poisoning, right. Putnam: Were you there? During that time, were you at B Reactor? Clement: I was at B Reactor during that time, yes. I was on the shift—on one of the shifts. Putnam: In the control room? Clement: Well, I had a crew of instrument people that were responsible for the instruments in the control room and in the whole plant, for that matter. So I was there. I don’t remember being in the control room at the time that the actual—it died gradually, let’s put it this way. The xenon poisoning was a gradual thing, it wasn’t just cut off like that, suddenly. [VIDEO CUTS] Putnam: Well, what was I going to ask you to do was kind of think back about the atmosphere. It must had been quite charged with expectation; I mean, people must have been—was it doubtful, was it simply people didn’t know what was going to happen, or was it confident? Clement: Oh, I think people had confidence in the management of the plant. In other words, it was all being run by DuPont. DuPont had been in charge of construction. It was not at all like the atmosphere in today--that we have today--with so many government agencies in the picture that you don’t know what the final decision is going to be. This way, you would pass the problem up the line and you would get an answer back down the line, a positive answer. And you would go with it, and you would believe in it. Because you had faith—you had confidence in the people that were running the show. I still come back to another story that I heard. That in Congress—at that time, Harry Truman was in Congress, and there was a lot of to-do about all of the money they were spending at Hanford. And so, Harry Truman came out to Hanford to do a little investigating. And about the time he got here, why, one of the DuPont executives called Wilmington, Delaware and Wilmington, Delaware called Washington, DC and Harry Truman left right overnight; he didn’t do any investigating, so—[LAUGHTER] They had a lot of confidence in the company that was constructing the plant, and that was running the plant, and I think this is a very key point to the success of the whole operation. At least, in my opinion it was. Putnam: Go back to that time of startup and can you kind of describe that day or that period of time? We understand there was a long process of loading tubes and then dry criticality was reached, and then it was flooded and then they had to come back up to wet criticality. Do you have any recollection? Clement: I don’t have a specific recollection of that. I imagine Don Lewis probably would give you a better description of that. Greger: What were you as instrument people, what was your main function in all of this? Clement: The main function in this would be to—like in the criticality end of the business—would be to see that our—we’d read the results or measure the criticality with the Beckman instruments that I was talking about, that I went to Los Angeles to check on where they were building them—the Beckman RXGs in the control room, they’d have the ionization chambers actually under the reactor so that you can measure the nuclear activity in the reactor. And of course as you come, as you start to reach criticality your activity builds up quite a bit; your readings on your instruments goes up, so. Greger: Where were these chambers positioned in relation to the loaded tubes? Clement: They were positioned—let’s see now. We had the galvanometers—chambers were positioned in holes through the reactor shield, up about the middle of the reactor. The Beckman instruments, now these measured—these galvanometers measured the ionization current coming from those chambers and would measure activity. The Beckman instruments themselves were--the chambers were located underneath the reactor where there’s holes up through the graphite, so that they can get a picture of the center activity, in the center of the reactor. Now the Beckmans were safety devices, such that you would preset a trip point on the Beckman, and it would automatically scram the reactor, or insert the control rods when you passed a manually set trip point. Greger: Were these Beckmans such that you could change them out or maintain them through their position in the reactor? Clement: Yes, we could. We had to change the chambers if we had a failure. Sometimes we would have failures and we would have to remove the chamber and replace it with a good one. In other words, they’ll fail like most any other object or gadget, you might say. We didn’t have to do that frequently, but it had to be done sometimes. But we had enough of them, such that we would always have some of them in operation, and we would be sure that we had a good picture of what was going on. Of course, in addition to the radioactivity, we had a good handle—now, that would be for dry critical, but it would also work during the wet critical stage. When wet critical, why, then you would have the temperature instruments—we measured the temperature—outlet temperature of the water coming through each and every process tube on the temperature monitor. In this way, you can get a picture, too, of the heat generation in the reactor itself. You know the inlet water temperature and then you measure the out water temperature and we had a temperature monitor system so that you could plot the whole picture and see where the hot—what’s getting hot and what isn’t. Greger: Actually, the measurement of that temperature was significant in understanding the level, was it not? Clement: In the reactor. Greger: Yes. Clement: That’s right. We also had a, a power level instrumentation which would measure the overall outlet water temperature and the overall—in other words the bulk, the flow. And this would give you the level of the reactor in kilowatts or megawatts or whatever—heat generation. So-- Putnam: It must have been fascinating for the first time to see what a real reactor, actually—no one really knew what it was like, did they? Clement: That’s right, that’s right. And you figure before we got done out there, before we shut B down, we were up to--what was it—about 3,000 megawatts of power generation--I mean, of heat generation, not power generation. And you look at the overall picture, it’s very rewarding. But it took a lot of effort, it took a lot of, we’ll say, cooperation and working together with the people out there. And I look back on it and I—it’s a pleasant memory, let’s put it that way. That phase of the work is very pleasant. Putnam: Did you have a sense you were breaking new ground, that you right on the frontier? Clement: We were sure of that, yes. I think we were sure of that, and after reading some of the articles and things that are done and then the fact—when the bomb was dropped, of course, then it hit the newspapers, so. That confirmed what we had known for quite a while, or what some—many of us had known. Putnam: What do you think the general feeling of people was? Was there a feeling of a big—that it was a real cooperative effort? Was it kind of s cooperative spirit, a real project team kind of feeling and a feeling of real satisfaction when job was done? Clement: Yes, I think there was, really. At least there was in my mind. I think a lot of this, like I said before, comes from the attitude and the way the whole system was managed by the DuPont Company. And they were in charge, and in that time the only other government agency in here, as I remember was the Corps of Engineers. DOE hadn’t come into the picture as yet. Greger: Or even AEC. Clement: Or even AEC. That is right. Now, I’m not saying that those aren’t necessary at this time, but during the war effort when time was of the essence because Adolph Hitler—they had word that he was also working on the atomic bomb. So we had a goal in mind. Greger: Do you have any recollections of that first startup shift? How did it affect you as a person, as what you did that night or whatever? Clement: I guess I don’t, Greg. Whether my shift was off or not, I don’t know, but I don’t have any specific recollections on that one. Greger: Do you remember how you learned that they had made the first indication and all this kind of thing? Clement: Well, I was—I can’t even remember the date that we first started up, to tell the truth, when we first reached criticality. So I, I have no specific recollection. I went through so many phases of it afterwards I guess, that I-- [LAUGHTER] And I realized after we’d get up to 1,000 megawatts how insignificant it was in terms of energy. I have no specific recollection of that. Putnam: So it was like a huge milestone in the day-to-day operation; it was just pretty routine almost? Clement: That’s right. And this was the first step in the B Reactor and of course, we knew that we would have two more reactors to start up, too. And people were focusing on the overall, I think. Putnam: Any interesting problems, or solutions to problems, during that time in terms of your field, in terms of the instrumentation or anything you remember about something that came up that was—I know that we were talking about canning the fuel elements and that it took them a long time to settle that problem—was instrumentation pretty straightforward? Clement: I think it was. I can’t remember any during the startup phase. I can remember some later on, when we ran into a lot of failures in the thermocouples which measured the outlet temperature of the individual process tube. But that would be a year or two down the road, when we had to get in and replace all the 3,000 thermocouples on the rear face. [CHUCKLES] Which is the fairly radioactive place. But I don’t remember any specific problems, as such, right now. Putnam: Okay. Greger: I was curious about one thing, when the news hit the papers, as to what the result of the product had been, what kind of attitude did that generate either at work or in the community? Was there anything that one can talk about as to that—all of a sudden people knew what they had been doing? Clement: Well, I think for us people that were involved with it, I think it was a matter of pride, really. That we were happy to have been a part of what our country was doing. In other words, that was my feeling. Now let’s see, the first bomb was dropped in August, wasn’t it? Greger: Yes. Clement: Of 1944? Putnam: Five. Clement: Five, ‘45. So we started the first reactor out there in September of ’44. And we started the second reactor out there in December of ’44. We started the third reactor in February of ‘45. I was in on the F Reactor and on the B Reactor; I wasn’t in on the startup of D. But I didn’t get C and H and some of the others. Greger: Some of the people had mentioned this problem that B ran into, of the graphite growth and the fact that B was shut down for a while. Do you have any recollections of how all this happened? Clement: Oh, yes. Greger: Was there an instrument? Clement: Oh yes, yes, yes indeed. The graphite growth of course came at after it was directly, we’ll say, connected with the amount of irradiation that the graphite had suffered. I remember very well, because Bill Overbeck was in charge of instrumentation at that time. And I was assigned, along with Harry Shaw, for finding out a method for measuring the amount of growth of the graphite. So, we got our heads together—and Harry had a background of civil engineering, I believe. And Bill Overbeck and Harry and I--and I think that was all, three of us—went over to visit at Boeing down—when they were at Boeing Field—and did some exploratory work down there, looking for a means of measuring the bowing on the—I say, that’s B-O-W-I-N-G—on the process tubes. So we came up with a very simple approach where we would set up a transit on the charge elevator and we had the center of each process tube on the wall—measured on the wall, the concrete wall and back about—what, 50 or 100 feet from the elevator. We would take a little target that just fit inside of the process tube and had a little scale on it with a light, and the scale was marked in tenths of an inch, or something like that, on a horizontal basis. And we would pull the slug with the scales through the tube, one or two feet at a time—I can’t remember how many feet—and we would take a reading with the transit at each position. And then you could plot the bowing on the process tube. So this turned out to be a very helpful thing in determining the actual amount of graphite growth that we had. And we continued to use this method for a number of years—I don’t remember how many, as long as we had the graphite reactors, I suppose—in determining the amount of growth. And I imagine, after we had enough data, they could calculate the growth of the graphite based on the amount of nuclear activity that you’d had in the reactor itself. Greger: Wasn’t there an operational change that caused a change of this growth rate, of using helium? Clement: We started out—I think we started out with a mixture of helium and CO2 in around, surrounding the graphite and it seems to me we wound up eventually with 100% helium, I think. I remember very well, too—of course this is way late in the game—but we had gas analysis instrumentation on the gases flowing through the reactor. This goes back to the 60s though, a long time. Greger: The use of helium was supposedly a cure or a slow down? Clement: Slow down for the graphite, yes, that’s right. Interviewer: Do you know how they came to the conclusion that that was the thing to try? Clement: I would imagine it was done by the results of our surveys. I would imagine that. I wasn’t in on that, but all we did was to take the readings and give them the readings. And then the technical—the other technical people would make their calculations and go on from there. Greger: What is there to say about the time they closed down B Reactor for a period, because of this problem? Clement: Oh, Greg, I don’t think I remember that. I may have been assigned to another reactor at that time. Greger: Our power person here mentioned that, and I knew it was down for a period. Clement: Yeah, that’s right, it probably was. I don’t remember that. I might had been over at F Area or D Area or H Area or something like that. Putnam: Was the work pretty absorbing in that first year? So summer of ’44 to summer of ’45—things must’ve been pretty intense. Were you working long shifts? Clement: Oh, yes. Everybody was working at least six hours a day—six days a week, I mean. Six days a week. And it was a long day. The time you left the dormitory and caught your bus at about 6:00 or 6:30 in the morning and got back about 6:00 or 6:30 in the night, it was a long day, yes. And then you’d have to go over to the eating place there. That building’s still there, incidentally—the old cafeteria building’s still there, as you know. It’s right across Knight Street from the Federal—from the post office there. Putnam: Yes. [TAPE CUTS] Clement: Yeah, there’s been a lot of phases, an awful lot. Greger: I guess, at one point that to an outsider is hard to imagine, and I don’t know what your memory is of it, but when all this construction and ground digging was going on out in the Areas, it must have been interesting to see it on a windy day. Clement: Yes, it was. Greger: Several people have referred to this, but— Putnam: I think maybe that’s— Greger: I’ve been meaning to ask you. Clement: The dust storms were terrible in those days. And we think they’re bad now, but the dust was coming from—well, I think of around the city of Richland primarily because I was not in the area during the construction phase as much, very much. But when you were living in Richland in the first two years, I’d say ‘44, ‘45 and ’46, the dust was very, very bad. Because a lot of people were moving in; they hadn’t been able to plant their lawns, even though, when you got your house, why, the company would furnish you with grass seed, they would furnish you with water and everything to try to encourage you to plant the lawns. They’d furnish you with coal to heat your house, and all that sort of thing. So, that was one of the things that—I didn’t hear Brit mention that one, but—[LAUGHTER] Putnam: Yeah, in some respects it was a pretty good life, wasn’t it? Clement: It was a very—that’s right. Your rents were very, very low. This house here is the first one we moved into. I think it was in the beginning of December in ‘44 when we moved into our B house up on Black Court. It was a real interesting experience. Greger: I’d like to ask you, you as a plant employee, and in your case, you met your future wife who did not work here. What kind of situation was there when two people meeting would obviously want to know what the other was doing and these kinds of things? Clement: [LAUGHTER] I just told her, I couldn’t tell you. It’s secret work, yeah. [LAUGHTER] Greger: Enhanced your— Clement: Yeah! I didn’t get any kind of—any negative reaction I guess, because she went ahead and married me anyhow. And we had five children so, and we’re still married so. There’s been a lot of rewarding things, too, let’s put it that way. Putnam: One of the most interesting things that we talked about, I think, is the magnitude of effort, and the fact, as you say, that in a year three reactors were built and put online. Clement: That’s right. Putnam: Can you—was there more to say about that? Just—what was the magnitude of that effort? What was going on? What all was involved? Greger: Even the traffic must have been—the shift changing. Clement: Well, that’s right. Well, let’s put it this way, the magnitude of the effort was tremendous. The design of the plants, first of all, was made—was generated in Wilmington, Delaware by the DuPont Company. And they were in charge of design, they were in charge of construction, although there were some subcontractors out here, but they had full control. Which was the secret I think, of the whole operation being, in my opinion, of being so successful. And when you look back at the Hanford days, when the town of Hanford was at its peak, I imagine, I think there were 40 or 50,000 people housed out there. I’m guessing a little bit on that, but I think it’s about right. And the mess halls, the dormitories, the trailer parks. And the fact that you get that many people together in one place and they have nothing to do in their off hours, it’s kind of a problem. But they were working long hours, and I think their purpose—their whole purpose in being there was to complete the job. And I think that, they didn’t just work a 40 hour week and—So, I think that added to it, a lot. And there was a high rate of turnover, I think particularly among the construction workers. I was not aware of any high rate of turnover among the DuPont people who were going to operate the plant. Greger: What was recreation--in the spare time you had--not in construction, but down here, in Richland, what could one do? Clement: Oh, well, I remember playing tennis with Mr. Farmer, who happened to be Enrico Fermi, playing doubles down at the park. We did play a lot of tennis down here. I remember another Sunday, not too long after I got here and I still had gas stamps, and three or four of us in the dormitory got in my car and we drove out to Rattlesnake and climbed up Rattlesnake. You could drive up to where the old well was on the side—gas well, I guess it was—on the side of Rattlesnake and climb up from there. It was dirt road, but it was accessible. And there was a tremendous amount of things to see and do. With gas stamps I remember driving up almost to Chinook Pass one day with four or five of my buddies. We had one day off, so--one day a week off, so that didn’t allow for too much—to do too much. Greger: What was in Richland at that time as a source of recreation? Clement: Well, Howard Amon Park was there, the tennis courts were there. I remember them well because I played a lot of tennis down there, that’s one thing that I did. There were no bowling alleys as I remember at that time. I’ve forgotten just when they—maybe they—I can’t remember when they built the bowling alleys at the old rec hall, you know. Greger: Was there a movie theatre? Clement: Yes, there were movie theatres, there were movie theatres. Greger: And Richland Players, I think, started fairly early. Clement: Fairly early. I don’t remember just when they started. I used to work backstage for them, but that was after I—that was after 1948. Where I’m living now, we were right across from the Chief Joe Auditorium there, is where we live now. But it’s been a very rewarding life, I think. Putnam: How would you describe the overall experience from startup and your ensuing years here? You say it’s been a good life? Clement: Yes, yes, I think so. I have no complaints; I have a lot of good memories. I have some that aren’t too good, but I don’t magnify those; I don’t think of any specifically that come to mind. Putnam: What—I guess I never thought about this—but what happened after startup? Did the community remain? I know the construction people were disbanded fairly quickly, but the early people that came on for operations and all, was there a high rate of turnover at that point, or did it become settled and you made a lot of friends and the community came--I mean, what happened around that time? Clement: I was not associated much with the construction people. I’d say the operating people, from my point of view, were a very steady group. There were very few, very little turnover. I can remember one instance and I can’t remember the exact time of it; I think it was after we started F Area up, and my boss came in one day and said, well, we’re going to have to lay off a few people. So he told me who to tell, and so I went out and told him and I had a hard time with him. But it turned out all right. But like anybody when they get laid off, why—but there was not a large cutback. I’d say by and large, a large number of the people that I associated or worked with back in ’44, there’s still a lot of them around here, let’s put it that way. Putnam: Was that a surprise at that time—I mean, I guess, I know a lot of people thought that the effort was to win the war, and then perhaps things would shut down after that and continued. Was that unexpected? Clement: Well, we were wondering, yes, we were wondering. In fact, that would have been about ‘45 and ’46, wouldn’t it? And I was wondering myself, because in August 1946 I guess it was, I had some ideas; I was going to get a separate line of work. So I went out and bought a farm over in the Kennewick Highlands, twelve acres. It was about five acres of asparagus and several hundred fruit trees and a house. So we moved out there, I think it was August of ’46. So whatever happened at Hanford, we were going to have a separate sideline so to speak. And well we stayed there two years, because about that time, I think it was ‘47, ‘48, the construction started again, and the traffic got so bad it would take me an hour to get from the Kennewick Highlands over to Richland and then another hour to get out to work—two hours one way. And that got a little old. So at that time, why, I reapplied for housing. And at that time they were expanding the housing in Richland, so I got the house we’re still living in now, a Q house. Greger: What did you hear, or what’s your impression of the political changes that were an impact on the plant? You know, the war was over, was there kind of a gap there, until all of a sudden it began going up again, as you say, with more construction? Clement: Yeah, well, the political changes, of course, were that the AEC came into the picture more and more and more, I think. In other words, the government agencies. Which they had to do, I suppose, looking at the type of government that we have. And of course we had a change of contractors when DuPont left. I personally had a chance, I could have gone back east again with DuPont, but I turned it down and decided to stay here. That would have been in ‘46 when they left and General Electric came in. So. Greger: Do you recall the reason given for DuPont to not continue the contract? Clement: I don’t recall exactly, no. I know that shortly after that they were given the contract for Savannah River. Putnam: We’ve certainly heard nothing but good things about DuPont as a company, and the efficiency with which things were done. Clement: That’s right, right. Well, I started to work for DuPont in 1937 when I first got out of college and started making viscose rayon. And then I helped start up the first nylon plant in Delaware. And then they shipped me out to Ohio to make ammunition for the war effort and then on out here. So, I have an awful lot of respect for them, let’s face it. And I grew up in their territory, back in Pennsylvania. And still, in fact my sister’s retired now, and she lives out at—oh, the DuPont estate there outside of Wilmington, Delaware. I’ll think of it in a minute. Putnam: Any more? Greger: I can’t think of any more, do you? Well, maybe we should ask him that question. Do you think of anything that you remember as being interesting or significant to you or even funny? Clement: [LAUGHTER] I can’t right off hand. If somebody were to trigger me, I might think of something, but I can’t right off. Greger: Since you referred to it, I think it would be of interest—how did you manage the living quarters? You’d just married and I think—were you in dorms, or did you have a house? Clement: When we were first married, my wife had a whole week off, I had three days off. We were married on Sunday. We spent Sunday night and Monday night and Tuesday night up in Mt. Rainier, Paradise Inn. And then we came down and stayed at the transient quarters for the rest of the week and then my wife had to go back to work in Seattle. So from there on it was a weekend at a time whenever we could make it. Either she would come over here or I would go over there, and that would involve catching the train Saturday night out of Pasco and going over and spending the day and then coming back. So, but then I applied for a house, of course, as soon as I could. And then it took them until—that was August—until December before I was given a house. Putnam: And, did she move over then? Clement: Then she moved over, right. In the meantime, she had been shopping for furniture so we could furnish the house—shopping in Seattle. Putnam: You asked about women in the area. Greger: Oh, yeah, right. Well, I was curious; I asked the others, in construction or operations, I don’t think there were many women, but what do you remember? I’m just trying to think of women working. I know there were a few, even among the technicians, we were told, to help startup, there was a man wife team? Clement: There was a man and wife team at B Reactor, the Doctors Marshall. They were both physicists. And I remember them being out there, because they came from the same part of the east that I did, as I remember. I didn’t know them personally, but I remember them at—I think it was at B Reactor. I think they were—I’m not sure they were—I don’t think they were involved with the first shutdown when due to the xenon poisoning. I don’t believe they were, although my memory’s not that good. Greger: Were there other women in other jobs that you observed during the early days? Clement: The only ones that I observed were secretaries, that I had any personal contact with, the only ones that I remember. Did anybody else have any memory of it? I don’t remember. Greger: Annette Heriford commented, she delivered blueprints to construction, but that’s the only other one. Clement: Yeah, that’s right. Yeah, I remember the secretaries that I had on the job out there when I was in different stages of the thing. I didn’t have any when I was on shift, of course. Then I got up to where I was assistant manager of the instrument group and then I was manager for a while and then they changed the organization and they had a, then I was manager of maintenance for D&DR. And then went on from there to various different types of organizations and jobs. Putnam: One question that I think I mentioned; I don’t know if I asked you but, the question of wartime—sort of the atmosphere, the crisis, you know, it was pretty tense. Can you talk a little bit like that? I mean, how much was at stake in this effort? Were you aware of how much was at stake and how important it was to the war? Clement: I think we were, yes. Well, I know at one stage of the game when the Japs were bombing—well, this was after Pearl Harbor probably, but we expected to see Jap bombers come across out here. And we were all always out looking around the sky to see if we could spot any planes coming in. We’d make a crack about seeing a Jap bomber up there. Of course, we never did and we had, pretty much, defense units around from the Army and so forth that were out there. There were quite a few of them. Greger: Was there any particular activity following the “war was over” announcement, because of the plants’ effect on it? Clement: You mean on the war? Greger: After the second bomb. Clement: Oh, I think there was a lot of good feeling, as I remember. In other words, look what we helped do. We did a little—we did our part of it anyhow. In other words, I think there was a lot of satisfaction, yes. Putnam: Any celebrating, dancing in the streets? Clement: I don’t remember any, let’s put it this way. I don’t remember any. Putnam: I didn’t think there was a whole lot. Well, okay, if you have anything to add, we’d be interested. Clement: Yeah, I can’t think of anything right offhand. Putnam: Okay. Clement: If, at a later time, there’s anything I can fill in that you come across, why, let me know, and maybe I can search the mind and remember some of it. Maybe not. Greger: This has been a great time. Clement: Well, I hope it’ll-- Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 00:51:15 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 224kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thomas Clement Oral History Subject The topic of the resource Hanford Atomic Products Operation B Reactor National Historic Landmark (Wash.) Description An account of the resource An oral history interview with Thomas Clement conducted by Bill Putnam for the B Reactor Museum Association. Clement was a Instrumentation Shift Supervisor at the Hanford Site during the Manhattan Project. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B Reactor Museum Association Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/15/1992 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG2D-4A https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F2c2302b361ba07fd0950269341e3c21a.jpg 7e43c1bedaf38d689df9457160b56021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 21.5 x 27.9 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thomas E. Sparks Subject The topic of the resource Men Description An account of the resource "1 photograph; 21.5 x 27.9 cm. Man in suit smiling with the name of Thomas E. Sparks. Text on front of image reads: ""Thomas E. Sparks""." Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For permission to publish please contact Washington State University Tri-Cities' Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource none Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4B_0896 Date Accepted Date of acceptance of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Accepted may be relevant are a thesis (accepted by a university department) or an article (accepted by a journal). 2017-06-12 Date Submitted Date of submission of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department) or an article (submitted to a journal). 2018-12-18 Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. For permission to publish please contact Washington State University Tri-Cities' Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447. Men https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F60d17bf78d444c90a06fb76d798a772b.MP3 829d6c28249d224488654e6f3347f7bc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource B Reactor Museum Association Oral Histories Description An account of the resource Oral History Interviews conducted by the B Reactor Museum Association. The collection is split between a series of audio oral histories taken in the late 1990s and early 2000s by Gene Weisskopf that focuses on the T-Plant, and a series of video oral histories done in the early 1990s by Bill Putman that focus on the B Reactor and Hanford construction. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource MP3, DOCX Language A language of the resource English Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Gene Weisskopf Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Thomas M. Clement and William P. McCue Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 01:19:54 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 128kbps Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thomas M. Clement and William P. McCue Subject The topic of the resource Hanford Atomic Products Operation Description An account of the resource An audio oral history interview with Thomas Clement and William (Bill) McCue conducted by Gene Weisskopf for the B Reactor Museum Association as part of an interview series focused on the T Plant and writing a Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) document for the T Plant. Thomas was a Instrument Supervisor and Bill a Process Supervisor during WWII at the Hanford Site. First half (roughly) of the interview is with Clement, last half with McCue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource B Reactor Museum Association Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 9/18/1996 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG2D-4A / A-13 and A-14 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F5afa32c25702463bb82bb54b5f145dd9.jpg 5bb6fb1f20cac78f57bbb7fd74a9d9f0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dennis Brunson, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Dennis Brunson Description An account of the resource Items donated by Dennis Brunson to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/2081">Dennis Brunson oral history interview</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thought Bubble Subject The topic of the resource Communication Description An account of the resource A drawing of a woman thinking of a fysh and a man thinking of a fish. Type The nature or genre of the resource Pictures; Cartoons (Commentary) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Department of Energy Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource Supplementary to Dennis Brunson oral history Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource TIFF Language A language of the resource English Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brunson, Dennis https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F0c774b616bf0998bf58d482f95531736.jpg 497b5442c2f0b044c79b82ad33d90114 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection Subject The topic of the resource History of the Hanford, WA and White Bluffs, WA town sites and the Hanford Site. Description An account of the resource Photographs donated to the Hanford History Project by the family of Harry and Juanita Anderson. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection has been graciously donated by their family members. This collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the residents of White Bluffs, Hanford, and the surrounding areas that were forced by the government to sell their land and leave the area, in order to make way for the Manhattan Project. Also, housed in the collection is information regarding the reunions and picnics that were held for the families affected by the relocation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Three adults, one child posing for picture Description An account of the resource Edmund Anderson, (and possibly Edmund's mother), with Art and baby. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I_1101 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F49751fd657c6ea3b63189345472805fa.jpg 771d80c936d6767b5cc301c78a23990a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection Subject The topic of the resource History of the Hanford, WA and White Bluffs, WA town sites and the Hanford Site. Description An account of the resource Photographs donated to the Hanford History Project by the family of Harry and Juanita Anderson. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection has been graciously donated by their family members. This collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the residents of White Bluffs, Hanford, and the surrounding areas that were forced by the government to sell their land and leave the area, in order to make way for the Manhattan Project. Also, housed in the collection is information regarding the reunions and picnics that were held for the families affected by the relocation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Three attendees during White Bluffs-Hanford reunion banquet Description An account of the resource Three attendees during White Bluffs-Hanford reunion banquet. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 1972 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I_1953 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fbc71809723cf339c677ee16a354c17dc.jpg 33d7a9ddc807341c7a7bcac8bd253d59 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection Subject The topic of the resource History of the Hanford, WA and White Bluffs, WA town sites and the Hanford Site. Description An account of the resource Photographs donated to the Hanford History Project by the family of Harry and Juanita Anderson. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Abstract A summary of the resource. The Harry and Juanita Anderson Collection has been graciously donated by their family members. This collection contains documents and photographs pertaining to the residents of White Bluffs, Hanford, and the surrounding areas that were forced by the government to sell their land and leave the area, in order to make way for the Manhattan Project. Also, housed in the collection is information regarding the reunions and picnics that were held for the families affected by the relocation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Three automobiles in a garage Description An account of the resource Three cars in a garage, with a man off to the left side of the image leaning on a doorway. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1939 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG4I_559 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F7ce0941060f983edf682a9ad7d8005a5.jpg 6d700d308641b1c3574cc2b38fb1a19a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Community Photograph Collections Subject The topic of the resource History of Hanford and the Tri-Cities area Description An account of the resource Photographs donated by the community to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Language A language of the resource English Abstract A summary of the resource. The Community Collections of the Hanford History Project have been graciously donated by community members for preservation and research use. Many of these are collections that were donated to the former Columbia River Exhibition of History, Science, and Technology (CREHST) and transferred to WSU Tri-Cities in 2014. Bibliographic Citation A bibliographic reference for the resource. Recommended practice is to include sufficient bibliographic detail to identify the resource as unambiguously as possible. [Item ID], Community Collections, Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 8.5 x 8.8 cm Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Three Bridge Supports Subject The topic of the resource Bridges; Rivers; Columbia River Description An account of the resource "1 photograph: col.; 8.5 x 8.8 cm. Image looking at bridge supports." Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For permission to publish please contact Washington State University Tri-Cities' Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource image/ tif Language A language of the resource none Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_4B_0258 Date Accepted Date of acceptance of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Accepted may be relevant are a thesis (accepted by a university department) or an article (accepted by a journal). 2017-05-19 Date Submitted Date of submission of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department) or an article (submitted to a journal). 2018-11-07 Access Rights Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies. For permission to publish please contact Washington State University Tri-Cities' Hanford History Project (509) 372-7447. Bridges Columbia River Rivers