58 50 4772 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F9d1bbdc5a79b2ab2fb90685c0c89b2e9.jpg 630c9783f75aa9f67f7bab1ce7fed5a0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Certificate of Award Description An account of the resource Given by the Society of Women Engineers Eastern Washington Section. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Society of Women Engineers Eastern Washington Section Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J031 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F591fd62450b55b4d13e5af76a49a23a6.jpg fef58c80b81a2632eaa05beb6a9debdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [untitled] Description An account of the resource Wanda Munn back row left. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J030 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fc2744c2c70161a10860023cb0168c399.jpg b6f918b3de0b86c76d3cc664474b34c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Twenty Five Year Member Description An account of the resource Given by the Society of Women Engineers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Society of Women Engineers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J029 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Ffe49812ab2c1a01965ac7ceb15679b23.jpg ed60126fd35216da82e9bf79c29c2a77 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appointment of the Chemical Demilitarization Citizens Advisory Commission Description An account of the resource Appointment by the governor of Oregon, John A. Kitzhaber, as member of the Chemical Demilitarization Citizens Advisory Commission from March 1, 1998 to February 28, 2000. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource State of Oregon Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J028 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fae4fac8a4e8dfcf639150de6d1bcbefc.jpg c1f9d9f93ccdcd682f25be618f6ee6f9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Associate Member, American Nuclear Society Description An account of the resource Certificate of Associate Membership in the American Nuclear Society Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource American Nuclear Society Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01/01/1978 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J027 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F7cdd451142dd9f622f5c837ada20a9c4.jpg a4060b1a6fca2a979e32fdb5b98d483b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter from Oregon Governor, Theodore R. Kulongoski Description An account of the resource Requesting Wanda Munn to convience with the CSEPP Executive Review Panel to assess the status of emergency response programs in communities surrounding the Umatilla Chemical Depot. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource State of Oregon Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 05/18/2004 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J026 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fc9ec4741cdbef8758a35c33fe6106440.jpg 4f631e7fabdaaac446e3e41d6072dc0a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appointment of the Chemical Demilitarization Citizens Advisory Commission Description An account of the resource Appointment by the governor of Oregon, John A. Kitzhaber, as member of the Chemical Demilitarization Citizens Advisory Commission from February 29, 2000 to February 28, 2004. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource State of Oregon Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J025 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fdfccdfa5f6c5495d009d3e5f2b347363.jpg ff0d162cc808e036ca97aa80281b198d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment Program "Cerfiticate of Appreciation" Description An account of the resource Awarded to Wanda Munn for her "outstanding effort and performance as an ACWA Dialogue Member" Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J024 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F7fa2fa9272e7154a76ade182e3c80ef8.jpg 9b5c52a9a51b0bfabdd47dcac70121d4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Honors From Professional Societies Description An account of the resource Westinghouse Hanford "Communicator" article on Wanda Munn winning the "Distinguished New Engineer" for 1985. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Westingthouse Hanford Communicator Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 07/01/1985 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J023 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F89030745d14aa731cefc8e63846118b2.jpg 56571f17d0e7bbb4eb0066b3e6d0e5a3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mother-Turned-Engineer Finds College a Good Investment Description An account of the resource Tri-City Herald article on Wanda Munn shortly after she started her position at Hanford. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tri-City Herald Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J022 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fd9adc4ed861c803530832658e114d38b.jpg a9af471678ee7f34a645c998825d5cb9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource OREGON STATER Awards Description An account of the resource Half of a brochure for the OREGON STATER Awards, honoring distinguished alumni of Oregon State University Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oregon State University Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J021 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F75cd8e5be5eb999de30750f988376a81.jpg 98463b96a1048d7bbb26cc8b587da19c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource OREGON STATER Awards Description An account of the resource Half of a brochure for the OREGON STATER Awards, honoring distinguished alumni of Oregon State University Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Oregon State University Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J020 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F63ea2c1df61b0b1d34638c5689079154.tif 97e5ee010a5f3c8c6e4f3298f1d8a98e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource FFTF Loses Restart Fight Description An account of the resource Article about the failure of Tri-Cities advocates to pressure for a restart of the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tri-City Herald Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J019 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fd00277c5b24a926493f9a872372202d8.jpg c5e5da85e8c285dd442e24e653b6e11c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Good Guys Wear White Description An account of the resource Clipping of Wanda Munn demonstrating a hat calling attention to Nuclear Operations Safety. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J018 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fea890d52849dd8b492f8ed957184e9e8.tif eb146478315e048a69420e3fd0602367 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A 'Nuclear' Reaction Description An account of the resource Article about efforts of Tri-Cities groups to pressure the Department of Energy to keep the Fast Flux Test Facility open Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tri-Cities Business Journal Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 07/01/2001 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J017 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F4707405aee6198642ffa8a699a230fb9.jpg 59f25fdabd7cbdf07807e1354e90bff7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Women Who Inspire Description An account of the resource Short article about Wanda Munn, "Advanced Reactor Division engineer and active public speaker on nuclear issues who also takes part in youth activities, including positively portraying engineering careers to young women." Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J016 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fab7b64cf2e758d37bd858ec448704dd8.tif fa73d30908b4b7d540f2abc53f3688d4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn's Belief in FFTF Hasn't Wavered Description An account of the resource Tri-City Herald article on Wanda Munn's FFTF reflections and accomplishments. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tri-City Herald Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J014 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F7b308af1382ecc6d3c4628d385d8cf71.jpg eeaee423ab38748cdf0a1c7771c56618 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bush Appoints Richland Woman to Radiation Board Description An account of the resource Tri-City Herald article on Wanda Munn's appointment to the board that created the Energy Empoloyees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act (EEOICPA) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tri-City Herald Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J015 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F71b7ac47ee5662624297377ece3b1bd7.tif 4883f7001c872336dfd8ee7385f94441 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource You, Too Can Parlay Your Hanford Experience into a Good Job. Apply soon! Description An account of the resource Retirement "gag" gift given to Wanda Munn. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J013 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fb07d37bc93c7c7268c2139baa24cb10c.jpg 1d087e942b483fdacc99d662e1aaeebe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ukranian Business Card (back) Description An account of the resource Back of business card for Wanda Munn in Ukranian. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J012 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fbd8d051aabf5b6c428f871e869f9ba32.jpg 7f8bf2f64afccc154a68309ae662938c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ukranian Business Card (front) Description An account of the resource Front of business card for Wanda Munn in Ukranian. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J011 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fbdcc8ee936a269aec351ee76749bc65c.jpg 18245b56fbc0dda4ff4882ecd8e8a46a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Remarkable Richland! Resilient! Resourceful! Ready! Description An account of the resource Back of Wanda Munn's Councilmember business card that projects growth and natural development in the city of Richland. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J010 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F0b0c91573e7e781e58b3635ccae772ed.jpg 157cfac05572f4ba327de57b0cdd5443 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource City of Richland, Councilmember Description An account of the resource Wanda I. Munn, Councilmember, City of Richland business card Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource City of Richland Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J009 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fdb7aa53396df30fa89c9fa0ef71d5660.jpg f825d92d00b20df4bdd6451271525ec9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Oregon Chemical Demilitarization Citizens Advisory Commission Description An account of the resource Wanda Munn, Vice Chair of the Oregon Chemical Demilitarization Citizens Advisory Commission. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J008 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fb7922aaca021559481823871657328e3.jpg 19965fe4d93bbbe92f812c4a2bbb8817 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Society of Women Engineers 1996 National Conventoin and Student Conference Description An account of the resource Business card for the 1996 National Convention and Student Conference for the Society of Women Engineers in Portland, OR, June 25-29 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Society of Women Engineers Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J007 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F1d577138d374ba2316d2982796bc8764.jpg 89ef6dcf1c8bdc880d8d8c44463795f6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda I. Munn Description An account of the resource Business card for Wanda Munn, Senior Engineer, International Programs, Engineering Development Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J006 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fac70b18b4f4088c231c7f9cacaa501d9.jpg 0407d43ea07ae724650d99cce19a9d75 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource World's Woes Blow out of Proportion, Rio Delegate says Description An account of the resource Wanda Munn speaking about her participation and views on the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro that took place June 3-14, 1992. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tri-City Herald Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6/1/1992 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J005 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fef3a4d1bb05e124c52260a8adb3997f3.jpg c77504d05ebf29c2d718aefd971cdb4e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Speaking on behalf of the Society of Women Engineers Description An account of the resource Wanda Munn on left. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J004 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fbbeea06da6cb7098c2bd295626a377cb.jpg 79e5d8a26052d8b32a7824d82101d258 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ANS Local Section Exhibit Award Description An account of the resource Wanda Munn receiving the American Nuclear Society Local Section Exhibit Award Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource American Nuclear Society Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J003 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F0db57f2950e731d01d6a95670217d007.jpg 098ce582177cb05fa2536eef4f7ce09b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Fuel Rod Testing Description An account of the resource Fuel rod testing with Wanda Munn on left. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project, Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J002 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fc4f7be340d7ec8a7ec8061a2a122ddbb.jpg 7740d9343daa354d727974c33e893d5b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Items donated by Wanda Munn to the Hanford History Project Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/818">Wanda Munn Oral History Interview</a> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wanda Munn Description An account of the resource Photograph of Wanda Munn Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2J001 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Faf448459cdcc5e7efbc2ca494314098a.jpg 806b95874990c92df89106bf9d23c69c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Edward Milliman Description An account of the resource Items donated by Edward Milliman to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/817">Edward Milliman Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This is How You Make a Hamster Smoke Cigarettes Subject The topic of the resource Animal experimentation; Cigarettes; Smoking Description An account of the resource Edward Milliman operating a device that forces hamsters to smoke cigarettes. 30 cigarettes are loaded at the top and each corresponds to a hamster. The machine takes a "puff" every few seconds. Photograph number PNL 711513-59 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Battelle Northwest Photography Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2E011 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F311b3a2cc4d836d316652ef852c5ddb2.jpg f0740bed607e9e5d5ad2bc4ba9d94721 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Edward Milliman Description An account of the resource Items donated by Edward Milliman to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/817">Edward Milliman Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Exposure Chamber Subject The topic of the resource Animal experimentation Description An account of the resource Edward Milliman operating an exposure chamber for inhalation test studies. Photograph number 78F013-1cn. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2E010 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F4780d6cb5f7aa128c9fa5f81206a02bf.jpg 98023a77e6351d2b7d8761f04737a747 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Edward Milliman Description An account of the resource Items donated by Edward Milliman to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/817">Edward Milliman Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hamster in Smoking Tube Subject The topic of the resource Animal experimentation Description An account of the resource Edward Milliman loading a hamster into a smoking tube for asbestos exposure testing. Photograph number PNL 711513-3. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2E009 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fc07b10a1d27d23b4fc353a65ef818157.jpg 5b1b012b4932b5905dc824dba6e834fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Edward Milliman Description An account of the resource Items donated by Edward Milliman to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/817">Edward Milliman Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hamster Disection Subject The topic of the resource Animal experimentation Description An account of the resource Edward Milliman disecting a Syrian Hamster after exposing the animal to different inhilation tests. Photograph number 34352-97-cn Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Battelle Northwest Photography Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2E008 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F599deb0802291f00d45c4845e6195bab.jpg 13312f78765398cb43b581d30c352fba Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Edward Milliman Description An account of the resource Items donated by Edward Milliman to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/817">Edward Milliman Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rodent Lungs Subject The topic of the resource Animal experimentation; Volcanic eruptions; Volcanoes; Disasters Description An account of the resource Rodent lungs after inhalation tests of "fly ash". Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Battelle Northwest Photography Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 12/12/1977 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2E007 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fdedaa1a64f0930972dc466d7058a1b4f.jpg 7e9ffed940a1d64e006cea4ec5ee76cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Edward Milliman Description An account of the resource Items donated by Edward Milliman to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/817">Edward Milliman Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman Subject The topic of the resource Animal experimentation; Concrete Description An account of the resource Edward Milliman testing animals for asbestos concrete exposure using inhalation equipment at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. Photograph number 0407E2018 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Battelle Northwest Photography Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2E006 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F7c690f5abfa21ed1d3522965040b76b0.jpg c578262cf324e0102668a7233fcfb905 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Edward Milliman Description An account of the resource Items donated by Edward Milliman to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/817">Edward Milliman Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Diners Find Doors Locked article Subject The topic of the resource Restaurants Description An account of the resource Clipping from Tri City Herald about Edward Milliman and a female companion being locked into a Black Angus restaurant when the staff, thinking the restaurant was empty, closed and locked the doors. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tri-City Herald Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2E005 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F26a25d699e64698493ef164db99898c6.jpg af4ec8a0c5ae36278e8c359fb95a0ba1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Edward Milliman Description An account of the resource Items donated by Edward Milliman to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/817">Edward Milliman Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Animal Testing Subject The topic of the resource Animal experimentation Description An account of the resource Edward Milliman and another worker running inhalation tests on rodents, likely Syrian Hamsters at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. The red suits indicate that exposure tests are currently being run. Photograph number 760818-13cn Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Battelle Northwest Photography Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2E004 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fd876502694efd6808b2341cb542e57e3.jpg baa5c95fb5e18c8b94ad27a5fb50a597 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Edward Milliman Description An account of the resource Items donated by Edward Milliman to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/817">Edward Milliman Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Smoking Rats Subject The topic of the resource Animal experimentation Description An account of the resource Edward Milliman testing animal physiology (heart rate, respitory rate) at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. Photograph number 760818-11 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Battelle Northwest Photography Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2E003 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F404f63b20e52bfbf9261db701c245aae.jpg dc80e97fb5f949559f9dcbf57bb85120 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Edward Milliman Description An account of the resource Items donated by Edward Milliman to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/817">Edward Milliman Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Boy with dog Subject The topic of the resource Children; Dogs Description An account of the resource Edward Milliman, as a child, playing with the family dog 'Poncho'. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Circa 1940s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2E002 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Faebf9c18e9f10f0c37f68da59d7b662e.jpg 7691e4de677512b7772e8192c1775228 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edward Milliman, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Edward Milliman Description An account of the resource Items donated by Edward Milliman to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/817">Edward Milliman Oral History Interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Everyone Seems Concerned About Air Pollution clipping Subject The topic of the resource Air pollution; Patents; Animal experimentation; Description An account of the resource Clipping from National Engineer Montly describing a recent patent filed by Department of Energy for a device that will "deliver uniform concentrations of dust for a long period of time." This device, invented by Edward Milliman at Pacificn Northwest Laboratory (now Pacific Northwest National Labs or PNNL) was used in "research to test the potential health effects of dust compounds when inhaled into the lungs of laboratory animals." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Engineer Monthly Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 1984 Relation A related resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource jpeg https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F2f8618137d41df7c12f31f98b55ed99b.pdf ac34acae52a30d9d2e2a7289751be166 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Maureen Hamilton, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Maureen Hamilton Description An account of the resource Items donated by Maureen Hamilton to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/807">Maureen Hamilton oral history interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Article on Hanford Environmental Health Foundation accreditation Description An account of the resource Newspaper article on accreditation of Hanford Environmental Health Foundation industrial hygiene lab Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2A006 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F4f49aadf9f2bc676e2f8fd270cb69775.jpg 8e10f5a34d2d1ee7860b6d6d982d8be7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Maureen Hamilton, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Maureen Hamilton Description An account of the resource Items donated by Maureen Hamilton to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/807">Maureen Hamilton oral history interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Columbia Center Mall Aerial Description An account of the resource Aerial photograph of Columbia Center Mall in 1974 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2A005 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fb33d81a2b4492f646d99a05e3083d6c9.jpg bf8e9f441744e94e7fa7b6c636de46c2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Maureen Hamilton, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Maureen Hamilton Description An account of the resource Items donated by Maureen Hamilton to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/807">Maureen Hamilton oral history interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lab Work at Hanford Environmental Health Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Industrial hygiene; Laboratory Description An account of the resource Woman doing lab work at Hanford Environmental Health Foundation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2A004 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fd13168b8b593850c509686187d888639.jpg 66b87a95762f65399e4d5774e8c3a167 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Maureen Hamilton, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Maureen Hamilton Description An account of the resource Items donated by Maureen Hamilton to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/807">Maureen Hamilton oral history interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lab Work at Hanford Environmental Health Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Industrial hygiene; Laboratory Description An account of the resource Woman doing lab work at Hanford Environmental Health Foundation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2A003 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F3ba0c530bc4bcb884d3aae9f730c68d2.jpg 56c9303d67bff8b640b1d387d3caaf2d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Maureen Hamilton, Oral History Metadata Subject The topic of the resource Metadata received during oral history interview with Maureen Hamilton Description An account of the resource Items donated by Maureen Hamilton to the Hanford History Project Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Relation A related resource <a href="http://hanfordhistory.com/items/show/807">Maureen Hamilton oral history interview</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lab Work at Hanford Environmental Health Foundation Subject The topic of the resource Industrial hygiene; Laboratory Description An account of the resource Woman doing lab work at Hanford Environmental Health Foundation Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG1D_2A002 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fcc1c5b0c760d1762a7a35a41a36954e0.jpg 351007d7be79050d9e63f8cc203ca4ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Post-1943 Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War Description An account of the resource Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Robert Bauman Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Andrew Reisenauer Location The location of the interview Washington State University Tri-Cities Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>Robert Bauman: Let's start, if we could, by just having you say your name, and then spell it for us.</p> <p>Andrew Reisenauer: My name is Andrew Reisenauer. Last name is R-E-I-S-E-N-A-U-E-R.</p> <p>Bauman: Thank you. And my name is Bob Bauman. Today's date is November 6, 2013. And we're conducting this interview on the campus of Washington State University Tri-Cities. So I wonder if we could start by you just telling us about how you came here? How you came to work at Hanford? What brought you here, and when?</p> <p>Reisenauer: During 1950, I was a student at Washington State University, on campus at Pullman. And I was invited down here as a summer employee for the summer of 1950. I went back to school and graduated in '51, and came right back to Richland. During that year, 1950, I worked at the health department for the City of Richland. At that time, an employee of General Electric, of course. And it involved sanitation inspections around Richland, milk supplies up in the valley-- Yakima Valley and Moses Lake area. Just general safety and sanitation involved in all the transition of the workers from the old town sites of Hanford, Richland North-- North Richland trailer park area-- and also the development of Richland. Because at that time, the uptown shopping district was all under construction. Restaurants were being opened. Generally just everything that involved sanitation and health. Mosquito control was just being started. That was under our control. There's a huge influx of people, you've got problems with sanitation and food supplies. Food supplies particularly, when you're dealing with 50,000 people. You've got to supply them with tons and tons of food coming in daily. For instance, the milk supply-- that's something that you can't ship for great distances, like you can other products. The Hanford Engineering Works shipped in dairy farms, supported dairy farms. They built milk supply plants in Sunnyside and Moses Lake. They subsidized the farmers to bring in large numbers of cattle.</p> <p>I mean, you don't just dump people in and don't have-- in a place like this, where there's small towns and very, very scattered population. The sanitarians from the Richland area were inspecting all the dairy farms all the way up through Sunnyside and up into the Moses Lake area, just to give us a decent supply of fresh produce. There's any number of those kind of things that went on during the areas when all the people are transitioning from town site of Hanford and into the North Richland trailer park, which had 2,500 trailers or more out there. With bathhouses and laundry facilities for those people were built in to separate housing or block areas, so that you got all the sanitation facilities have to be supplied, have to be inspected. You've got a brand new school out there, John Ball School, which was just nothing but a quonset hut put together. And along with all the schools that were being built in the City of Richland, we were training food handlers, for instance. Food handler classes, and making sure that the inspections got into the schools. And there's just a wide, wide variety of environmental problems.</p> <p>Bauman: Sounds like a pretty challenging job.</p> <p>Reisenauer: Well, even water supply. Because all the water supply in Richland and North Richland was furnished by wells. The treatment plant at Richland wasn't built until '55 or so. So you had well after well. And a lot of these wells were recharged by recharge basins with Yakima River Valley water, and Columbia River water. Places like just west of here. That little valley over toward just west of George Washington Way. There's still a couple wells in there that are being part of the Richland water supply. A lot of that water was being pumped out of the Columbia River into the basin above the wells. The wells are probably 75 feet deep. And they were using that as the method of cleaning the water, keeping the fish and everything else out of the wells. There's the area along Wellsian Way was all recharge ponds. Because there's a number of wells among the buildings down there. They're still being used. But the recharge basin has been closed, when they discontinued the irrigation water through the City of Richland. Few people know that there's a tunnel underneath Carmichael High School, for instance, that supplied irrigation water, and water to those recharge basins.</p> <p>Bauman: Yeah, I didn't know that.</p> <p>[LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Bauman: So when you were here, then, in 1950 as a student, right? You were--</p> <p>Reisenauer: I was just a summer employee.</p> <p>Bauman: Right. What sorts of things were you going out and inspecting?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Oh yes. I inspected a lot of the restaurants. I was a bacteriology and sanitary engineering student up at Washington State.</p> <p>Bauman: Sounds like a great experience, then?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Oh, yeah. Learned a lot. Very applicable to my studies up there.</p> <p>Bauman: So you did that in the summer of 1950, you went back to school?</p> <p>Reisenauer: I went back to school. And then, when you came back here to work-- Came back right away after graduation.</p> <p>Bauman: And working for the health department again, or--?</p> <p>Reisenauer: The health department, yes. I stayed with the health department until 1956 or so, shortly before the transition the town into a normal town.</p> <p>Bauman: And during those years working for the health department, what were the biggest challenges you had? It sounds like there were a lot of challenges. What were the most challenging parts for the health department?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Probably keeping up with the necessary state requirements for inspecting dairy farms and restaurants. At that time, we were also building the new swimming pool up on the hill. There was an original swimming pool in the old town site of Richland, down in Howard Amon Park. It was built very close to the river. And it was small, and it was not a safe pool, because it transitioned water between the river and the swimming pool. When the river was high, it leaked like I sieve. So it had to be replaced. There's things like that, just innumerable--</p> <p>Bauman: How large was the health department? How many employees are we talking about?</p> <p>Reisenauer: There were probably-- well, there's also with the health department, they had the school nurses that were—there was probably seven, eight school nurses. And there were like three sanitarians, and the health officer.</p> <p>Bauman: And what was your job title after you graduated college and came back?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Sanitarian. That was the job title.</p> <p>Bauman: And so when that transitioned to being an independent city, right?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Yes.</p> <p>Bauman: What did you do at that point?</p> <p>Reisenauer: The health department was turned over to Ben Franklin County Health District. I left the health department, because they had the personnel. They had hired personnel into their department to take over. I moved out into the area as a chemist, and worked with the geochemistry outfit out there. Wells, drilling new wells out there. Tracking contamination through the wells, of radioactive contamination and stuff like that.</p> <p>Bauman: And so where would these wells drill, then?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Excuse me?</p> <p>Bauman: Where were the wells drilled? Different places on the site, or--?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Oh no. I'm talking about the wells out on the Hanford project, for the facilities out there. And we did a lot of soil chemistry work, along with that. Soil chemistry, soil physics.</p> <p>Bauman: And you said you would sort of measure a contamination also, as part of your work? In the soil and water, or--? What? You measured contamination? Is that one of the things you did, also?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Well, the contamination out there was radioactive. But a great deal different than tracking contamination for the wells in the city.</p> <p>Bauman: So how long did you do that, then? How long did you work as a geochemist?</p> <p>Reisenauer: The job transitioned from geochemistry into actually the groundwater modeling area, where we were doing—we built computer models for the movement of groundwater contamination throughout the [INAUDIBLE]. Where's the water moving from, and where's it move to? And how much contamination is being carried along with it? We developed these groundwater models, such that we were starting to apply them through-- when Battelle took over, we started moving this type of thing into-- looking at county and problems and things all over the United States. I modelled groundwater movement in Brookhaven, New York, upstate New York, Nebraska, Florida, all over the United States. But it all started here.</p> <p>Bauman: And did you find significant contamination of groundwater?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Oh, yes, as far as-- it'd go through the soil down here. Nothing significant that I know of ever moved to the Columbia River. It stayed pretty close to the production plants out there. There's still a lot of that going on out there now.</p> <p>Bauman: So did you work in different areas of the site, then?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Yes, yes.</p> <p>Bauman: Just measuring different places on site?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Yeah, I started out there in 200 West area. But then when I moved out of there into the 300 area, my office moved downtown, up in the federal building, and then back out here to Battelle when Battelle buildings were built.</p> <p>Bauman: I want to go back to when you came here in 1950 as a student. What was the town of Richland like at the time? How would you describe the place?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Well, it's kind of still like a frontier town, somewhat. Everybody that was here had come from somewhere else. People were very, very friendly, because they didn't-- came here and not-- everybody was sort of new. The town site, of course, was being run by General Electric. Everything-- you've probably heard that story before. You can never tell from one day to the next what you're going to be doing the next day. You could plan, but you couldn't continue your plan most of the time because something else would crop up.</p> <p>Bauman: And when you first came here, what sort of housing did you have?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Well, when I came in '50, I lived in a low-level wooden barracks with the construction workers near the Camp Hanford army camp. And when I moved into town, I was in one of the two-story barracks buildings. Because I was single at that time. And shortly after, well, about September the next year, I acquired one end of a ‘B’ house. Which, I got married that year, so I acquired in-town housing.</p> <p>Bauman: Was there much to do here in Richland in the early 1950s?</p> <p>Reisenauer: What we did in the 1950s-- I had a very large backyard behind the house. And when I started having children that was the main playground in the neighborhood. But the different organizations around town, like the medical division and production, some of the other places like that, had ball teams, softball teams. We had softball teams, we had volleyball teams. There was not a whole lot to do, unless you made it up yourselves. Of course, I did a lot of fishing and stuff like that, hunting.</p> <p>Bauman: So Hanford was a place where-- a lot of security was a part of working at Hanford. Did that impact you at all, in terms of your work?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Oh, yes. I had a clearance for moving around out in the area, what they call the forward area. And I had my badge and my pencils and all that sort of thing, if I get into radiation zones or something like that, I had all the--</p> <p>Bauman: Did you ever have to wear any protective clothing for safety, in terms of certain aspects of your job at all?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Very seldom. One or two times I would get into that type of thing.</p> <p>Bauman: And so how long did you work at Hanford then? When did you--</p> <p>Reisenauer: 39 and 1/2 years.</p> <p>Bauman: So '89, '90, somewhere in there?</p> <p>Reisenauer: What?</p> <p>Bauman: So 1989, 1990, somewhere in there you retired?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Yeah, I'm 89.</p> <p>Bauman: No, I mean, what year you retired?</p> <p>Reisenauer: What year did I retire? I retired in '88. But I stayed on with one of the subcontractors for another year and a half, two years.</p> <p>Bauman: And you started working for GE. What other contractors did you work for? Did you work for Battelle?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Just Battelle. [INAUDIBLE]. Battelle took over the Hanford laboratories. I went with Battelle.</p> <p>Bauman: So for a good part of the time you were working there, the focus was on production. And at some point, that started to shift to less production, and then cleanup, I guess. Did the shift in mission impact your work at all?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Not really. I was far enough away from the production that we continued doing just exactly the same. Just right on.</p> <p>Bauman: President Kennedy came in 1963 to dedicate the N reactor. I wonder, were you there that day? Do you remember that at all?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Oh yes. Yeah.</p> <p>Bauman: And what do you remember about his visit, or that day?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Well, I could take part of the family out into the area. It was a huge crowd out there.</p> <p>Bauman: I wonder, what was the most challenging aspect of the work that you did at Hanford? And maybe what was the most rewarding part of what you did?</p> <p>Reisenauer: When I was working with the health department, just keeping the day-to-day things that had to be done this day for that day, because you couldn't really plan tremendous-- very far in advance as to what you're going to be doing. And when I was working with the geophysical part of the-- the geochemistry part of there was developing the mathematics and the computer programs to be able to track water movement, and the contamination. That was a brand new area just being developed nationwide. And we built the first groundwater models ever heard of in the United States, to be able to do that work.</p> <p>Bauman: Did the technology change over the years, in terms of--</p> <p>Reisenauer: Oh, yes.</p> <p>Bauman: --measuring that sort of thing? How did that change? Could you describe that at all?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Well, being able to incorporate the large amount of data that's necessary, and to develop the technique to get the right kind of data that's necessary for that. For instance, one of the last jobs I did was to develop a groundwater model for an area in the middle of Nebraska. A naval ammunition depot had been built there. Covered an area of about 75 square miles. And the soils and area were quite similar to the Hanford project here. So my models were very applicable to that area. But when I went and looked at the area to find out whether-- they knew they had explosives like RDX and TNT and degreasing agents that they'd contaminated into the groundwater. And the idea was, where's it moving, how fast is it moving, which way is it going? Trying to just to gather that data. And one of the hardest parts was trying to develop a computer system back there to be able to run it.</p> <p>[LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Bauman: Were there any events or incidents, things that happened during your time working at Hanford that really stand out to you?</p> <p>Reisenauer: I guess I'm not quite clear as to what you--</p> <p>Bauman: Like if there was anything that happened-- it could be something humorous, or something that happened during your time working there that just has always stuck in your mind as a really unique thing that happened while you were there.</p> <p>Reisenauer: While I was working in the chemistry lab, doing some testing on some of the waste, the old PBP process, we were looking at every batch of waste that came out of there. I was working, trying to get an analysis about a strontium that was being put out to the groundwater, or put out with all the old cribs. I'm using the fuming nitric acid in this process. A bunch of samples that were radioactive in the hood. And while I was by pipetting some of this from fuming nitric acid into these test tubes, one drop of that fell off and hit a cellulose test tube that was in the hood. I had instant fire. Radioactive samples in this hand, fuming nitric acid in this hand, and a fire in the middle. What do you do first?</p> <p>[LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Bauman: Put the fuming nitric acid back there. You put the sample down here. Then you take care of the fire.</p> <p>[LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Reisenauer: One very few humorous incident-- in that same laboratory, one of the other chemists was trying to analyze a particle-- particle analysis on some well samples, dirt samples. And one of these required putting a spot-- well, they say, 10 or 20 grams of soil-- putting it into a solution of essentially vinegar. And then he was going to shake them overnight on this shaking table. This shaking table was built like a rotary. And the border would force it one way, and the clutch would give out. And the spring would bring that back, so it would rock back and forth. You got to shake this all night. He set it all up. We were just ready to move out of the laboratory, and catch the bus into town. We were just checking ourselves out. This thing was shaking away just fine. And all of a sudden a spring came loose. This thing is started around like a centrifuge. And it started throwing those bottles, this small bubbles, all over the lab. He had 24 bottles on that thing. And we were down behind the benches, ducking bottles. When the final, last one finally came off, I says, now what do we do? He says, we go home and clean this up tomorrow.</p> <p>[LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Bauman: And no one got hit by any flying bottles?</p> <p>Reisenauer: No, nobody got hit by flying-- there was only three of us in the lab at that time.</p> <p>Bauman: As you look back over your, what'd you say, 39 and 1/2 years working at Hanford-- how would you overall assess your time there? How was it as a place to work?</p> <p>Reisenauer: Well, it was a very pleasant place to work. Early on, we had a lot of freedom in how we approached things. And you can point out where things needed to be done, and follow up and try to get funding for those particular projects. And usually you didn't have any trouble doing it, because there was so much that we needed to be known that wasn't known.</p> <p>Bauman: Is there anything that I haven't asked you about yet, in terms of your work [INAUDIBLE] for the health department, or working as a geochemist, or any of the things you did there that we haven't talked about yet that you'd like to share, or think would be important to share?</p> <p>Reisenauer: I can't think of anything. We've pretty much covered most of it along the way.</p> <p>Bauman: Well, I want to thank you very much for coming in today and talking with us. I appreciate it.</p> <p>Reisenauer: Yeah, well, I hope I contributed a little bit to your--</p> <p>Bauman: Thanks for that.</p> <p>Reisenauer: --your project.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://youtu.be/4eyjWy-hwng">View interview on Youtube.</a></p> Years in Tri-Cities Area Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site 1950- Years on Hanford Site Years on the Hanford Site, if any. 1950-1988 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Andrew Reisenauer Subject The topic of the resource Hanford Site (Wash.) Richland (Wash.) Nuclear waste Nuclear waste disposal Description An account of the resource Andrew Reisenauer moved to Richland, Washington in 1950 to work on the Hanford Site. An interview conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by Mission Support Alliance on behalf of the United States Department of Energy. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/06/2013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item. Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to the US Department of Energy collection. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F22a47cdc1d3b88313269d6f802e6dda2.JPG 4a35f1e3a59831bd654729595c60c719 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2Fc93035045c2b495868c9d383987a3bd0.mp4 23cdfe57608f10a6543cbc8bda83af7e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documenting African American Migration, Segregation, and Civil Rights History at Manhattan Project National Historical Park (MAPR), Hanford Subject The topic of the resource African Americans; Oral History Description An account of the resource A National Park Service funded project to document the history of African American contributions to Hanford and the surrounding communities. This project was conducted through the Pacific Northwest Cooperative Ecosystems Unit, Task Agreement P17AC01288 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Park Service Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford History Project Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 9/1/2017-9/1/2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource For permission to publish or for more information contact the Hanford History Project. Relation A related resource RG2D_4D AACCES Oral History Project Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context RG2_8 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Robert Franklin Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Dan Carter Location The location of the interview Washington State University - Tri Cities Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data <p>Robert Franklin: My name is Robert Franklin and I am conducting an oral history interview with Daniel Carter on February—</p> <p>Tom Hungate: 19^th.</p> <p>Franklin: 19^th, thank you, 2018. The interview is being conducted on the campus of Washington State University Tri-Cities. I’ll be talking with Dan about his experiencing living in the Tri-Cities and working at the Hanford Site. And for the record, can you state and spell your full name for us?</p> <p>Dan Carter: Daniel G. Carter, Junior.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay, and can you spell that out?</p> <p>Carter: D-A-N-I-E-L, G, C-A-R-T-E-R, Junior, J-R.</p> <p>Franklin: Great, thanks a lot, Dan. So tell me how you first came to the Tri-Cities area.</p> <p>Carter: Well, I was recruited by GE, that I refer to as Generous Electric, and I think that’s because of the fact that they had their own appliance store here and we found it very generous of them to allow us to buy GE appliances at a discount.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Carter: I was recruited by GE, and I was supposed to be going to Florida. And then I got a call from Schenectady. They said, no, we want you to go out to the Hanford Site near Pasco, Washington. Do you know where it is? Nope, never heard of it. So, that started the ball rolling, and I started getting calls from the HR people here with GE at Hanford, trying to schedule a date for me to come out for an interview. And it took me a couple of months to do that, because I was teaching school at the time. And I told them I had to wait until the school year was over before I could break loose and take a trip out here.</p> <p>Franklin: Where were you living at the time?</p> <p>Carter: In Louisiana.</p> <p>Franklin: Are you from Louisiana originally?</p> <p>Carter: Yes, I’m originally from Louisiana.</p> <p>Franklin: Could you give us your birthdate?</p> <p>Carter: September the 19^th, 1939.</p> <p>Franklin: Great, thanks. So what was your educational background at that time?</p> <p>Carter: I graduated from Southern University in Baton Rouge with a bachelor’s degree in chemistry.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay, and is that what you were teaching?</p> <p>Carter: I taught chemistry, general science, physics, and geometry. [CHUCKLING]</p> <p>Franklin: And what position had you applied for at General Electric?</p> <p>Carter: Just a scientific position.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And when you were living in Louisiana, that was—you were born into segregation.</p> <p>Carter: That’s correct.</p> <p>Franklin: Right, and Louisiana was still segregated at that time?</p> <p>Carter: That’s correct.</p> <p>Franklin: Can you talk about how that impacted your life and your education?</p> <p>Carter: Well, first of all, I went to a segregated school all twelve years of secondary education. It was interesting that, at that time, due to the segregated system, our school was lower on the totem pole for resources. For example, the textbooks that I got were not new. They were used textbooks that were sent over from the all-white high school when they got new textbooks. It was in later years that they decided they were going to try to do better and started giving the all-black schools new textbooks. And started building some new buildings at that time. When I went to Southern University in Baton Rouge, I had no choice of going to Louisiana State University. However, if you were in graduate school, you could possibly get into a program at that university. But for undergraduate work, you couldn’t do it.</p> <p>Franklin: Was Southern University an HBC?</p> <p>Carter: Yes.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And where did you grow up, your formative years? Was that in Baton Rouge?</p> <p>Carter: No, central Louisiana.</p> <p>Franklin: Central Louisiana.</p> <p>Carter: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: And your town, all of its facilities and everything were segregated?</p> <p>Carter: That’s correct.</p> <p>Franklin: Did you also—was the town itself segregated as well—</p> <p>Carter: Yes.</p> <p>Franklin: --from the—and so what—can you describe what some of the segregated facilities were and kind of the differences between the white facilities and the black facilities?</p> <p>Carter: Well, you had, on the social side, the restaurants, it was either all-white or all-black. The churches were either all-white or all-black. There were efforts to try to bridge that gap between church members, especially when it came to civil rights. So, like I say, the black communities on one side of town generally, and the white community on the other side of the town.</p> <p>Franklin: Did you—I know it was a common practice at that time for blacks to use the backdoor of a restaurant in order to take food to go. Was that the case in your—where you grow up?</p> <p>Carter: Yeah, if you went to one of the white restaurants, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: You could order food, right, and give them money, you just couldn’t eat the food—</p> <p>Carter: There.</p> <p>Franklin: --inside the restaurant.</p> <p>Carter: Yeah, right. So, normally, you would go to a black restaurant. Because there were black restaurants. Rather than go to the white restaurant and get food out the backdoor.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. So when you started getting these calls from this Hanford place, kind of take us through that and kind of how you got to the Tri-Cities.</p> <p>Carter: Well, they gave me a little information about the Hanford Project and the fact that they were doing some really scientific work that I thought was very interesting. I wanted to learn more about it. So—</p> <p>Franklin: What did they tell you about it? What did they tell you about what they were doing, and what kind of detail did they go into?</p> <p>Carter: Well, they didn’t go into a lot of details, because they were—you know, still a lot of stuff was just absolutely secret at that time. But they explained that they were part of the Manhattan Project, but they didn’t go into any details of building bombs or operating reactors or any of that kind of stuff. They just talked about the scientific work that was being done here. They thought I could be a participant in that.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And so what happened next?</p> <p>Carter: Well, I came out for my interview, and I was really impressed with the high-level scientific work that was going on in the laboratories, in the reprocessing facilities and the reactors. That was all new stuff to me. I just found it very interesting, so I was thinking, you know, I think I’d like to become a part of that. So I went back home and I was married at the time and had one child. My mother-in-law said, you know, it’d probably be a good idea for you to take that job. I think mother-in-law wanted me to be in a position to properly support her daughter. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, right. Had you left the South before that?</p> <p>Carter: No.</p> <p>Franklin: No, so going to Hanford was your first time north of the Mason-Dixon Line?</p> <p>Carter: Oh, no, no, that’s not true.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p>Carter: I had relatives in Detroit, so we made trips to Detroit from time to time. Not often, but occasionally.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. So you eventually picked up your family and moved to Hanford. When was that, approximately?</p> <p>Carter: In mid-’64.</p> <p>Franklin: Mid-’64. What were your first impressions, and your family’s first impressions of the Tri-Cities?</p> <p>Carter: It’s a very desolate place. A lot of open space. Not many trees. We’re used to lots of trees. Never had seen tumbleweeds rolling down the streets. We saw that. Had to water your lawn to have any grass, and that was new to us.</p> <p>Franklin: Where did you first live when you came to work for the—</p> <p>Carter: In Richland Village.</p> <p>Franklin: In Richland Village. And what type of house did you live in?</p> <p>Carter: I don’t know what—it was a two-bedroom house. They didn’t have the ABC names in those houses.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And what were you kind of—tell me about your work, what did you first start out doing for Hanford?</p> <p>Carter: I started working in the Analytical Laboratories in the 300 Area.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay, and what type of work did you do?</p> <p>Carter: Analytical chemistry.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. [LAUGHTER] Tell me about kind of—</p> <p>Carter: And—and—</p> <p>Franklin: --a day in a life of an analytical chemist.</p> <p>Carter: Well, you work in a laboratory and you’re doing analytical work. Separating materials out, studying materials and—that’s the kind of stuff you’re doing in an analytical laboratory. You’re also making a determination of what kind of concentration you have of certain chemicals in a compound and so forth. That was my first assignment. I was on what they call the tech-grad rotation program. So I spent three months in the Analytical Laboratories and then I was sent out to the PUREX Plant and to spend another three months out at the PUREX Plant also in the Analytical Laboratory. Then after that, I moved back to the 300 Area, and that’s when GE decided to leave. And I went from GE to Battelle.</p> <p>Franklin: And is that because Battelle took over that work—</p> <p>Carter: Yes.</p> <p>Franklin: --when GE left?</p> <p>Carter: Yes.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay, okay.</p> <p>Carter: And I had a choice of staying with GE at one of the other locations, like out at the 200 Area with the PUREX Plant, or agreeing with GE to move to another city.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh. And how come you chose to stay and go to Battelle?</p> <p>Carter: Well, the human resources person who recruited me leaned on me very heavily to go with him over to Battelle.</p> <p>Franklin: Why was that?</p> <p>Carter: I suppose that he thought that I would make a good fit for Battelle in the technical area. So he didn’t want to lose a, I guess, another technical person to another location.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay. Tell me about the—more about the tech grad program and kind of the makeup of it. It was college grads.</p> <p>Carter: Yes.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. Was it—how diverse was it? Did you work with mostly white coworkers, or did you have—were there any—and was it segregated at all? Or—I’m wondering if you could talk a bit about that.</p> <p>Carter: No, there was no segregation, because I was it. There were no other—all the people in the program were white.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Carter: There were no minority people at all.</p> <p>Franklin: What was your perception by your white coworkers?</p> <p>Carter: Got along fine with everybody. They treated me well.</p> <p>Franklin: And what about in Richland? I’m wondering if you could talk a bit about moving from a formally segregated society to a not formally segregated society.</p> <p>Carter: We didn’t have any problem. We fit in very well. We did not—my bride and I never had an issue.</p> <p>Franklin: Sure. I guess I’m just wondering about how it felt, maybe, to go into spaces that, in the South, would have been whites only, but in the North would have been open to anyone regardless of race. I’m just kind of curious how that—was there something to get used to there?</p> <p>Carter: Not at all.</p> <p>Franklin: Not at all?</p> <p>Carter: Nope.</p> <p>Franklin: And you’ve lived in Richland your whole time since moving here, right?</p> <p>Carter: That’s correct.</p> <p>Franklin: And we know there’s a large African American community in Pasco. How large was the African American community in Richland?</p> <p>Carter: Very small. I would say less than 100 maybe. There were some families that were here long before I came, like the Mitchells, the Wallaces, the Browns. So there were other families here before I came.</p> <p>Franklin: Your wife, you mentioned. Did she work outside the home, or was she--?</p> <p>Carter: Yes.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay, and where did she work?</p> <p>Carter: First job was in the Battelle Technical Library.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Carter: Then she went from there to the Technical Shop. Then the 300 Area. And then from there, she went to—what was it called? Hanford Environmental Health Organization, who did all the medical work out at Hanford, she went to work for them.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, the HEHF, Hanford Environmental Health Foundation.</p> <p>Carter: Yes.</p> <p>Franklin: And what was her background? Did she have a college education as well?</p> <p>Carter: She did not finish her college degree, because we got married in college, and we promptly started a—with a child. So she dropped out of school. But she was majoring in business. So she did clerical work, you know, and that kind of thing when she worked out at Hanford.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay. Did you have any interaction with the African American community in Pasco?</p> <p>Carter: Sure.</p> <p>Franklin: I’m wondering if you could talk about that.</p> <p>Carter: Oh, I initially met people in that community through the church.</p> <p>Franklin: Mm. And then how—what other types of interactions did you have?</p> <p>Carter: Well, over the years, I met different people. And at one point, there were some of us—the African Americans here in Richland, and the ones in Pasco—became good friends, and we would have a Pokeno party once a month.</p> <p>Franklin: A keynote?</p> <p>Carter: Pokeno.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, Pokeno.</p> <p>Carter: So then about three or four couples from Pasco and about three or four couples from Richland would get together and go from one home to another home. We did that for a number of years.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. Did you go to church in Richland or in Pasco?</p> <p>Carter: I went to church in Richland, and I attend church at Central United Protestant Church over the years. However, we would go to special events at especially the St. James Methodist Church over in east Pasco. But we also participated and attend the black Baptist churches over there.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. I’m wondering if—I know there were some—so, you know the ‘60s, kind of when you came and the few years after you came, that was kind of the growth and kind of the climax of the civil rights movement in the United States.</p> <p>Carter: Mm-hmm.</p> <p>Franklin: I’m wondering if you can talk about how that affected you and your family and others that you knew in the African American community.</p> <p>Carter: Well, first of all, my bride and I were part of the very first largescale downtown marches during the Civil Rights period, and that was in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Carter: Where we were part of the first big march that went into downtown Baton Rouge. In fact, the university was shut down for two days because of the—well, I guess you could say the concern for people on both sides of the arguments there. But we finally got things settled back down. And it had to do with—one of the things that bugged the hell out of me a lot was—I have a distaste in my mouth for Walgreen drugstores now. And it goes back to when there was a Walgreen drugstore in my town that had a lunch counter. And I could not go and sit at the lunch counter and order a hamburger. And that always bothered me. [CHUCKLING] But after my bride and I came here, we went to wherever we wanted to go. We went to any restaurant or the store or whatever. We never had any issue. We never did.</p> <p>Franklin: What motivated you to participate in that civil rights march in Baton Rouge?</p> <p>Carter: Oh, we had a lot of—we lived—my bride and I both lived on the campus. And the dormitory councils held meetings about it, and we just said, hey, we’d jump in and participate in this thing. Because I don’t like what’s going on either. So, we don’t like this segregated lunch counters downtown where we have to go spend our money for our clothing and our shoes and so forth.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. But you can’t eat lunch there.</p> <p>Carter: Yeah!</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah. I understand there was a little bit of civil rights activity in Pasco, as well. Did you participate in any of that?</p> <p>Carter: We did not participate in any of the marches or anything like that in Pasco. We were aware of them, and there was a CORE organization here in Richland. CORE, Congress from—what was it called?</p> <p>Franklin: Congress of Racial Equality, right?</p> <p>Carter: Yeah, something like that, yup. We were not a part of that group, but I did join the NAACP. What we did do, Dr. Dallas Barnes and some others, we put together a corporation called the Matrix Corporation and built a facility over in east Pasco called the Matrix Building, which is still there. Our idea was to bring employment opportunities, investment opportunities and a rebuilding of the east Pasco community. Unfortunately, there were some people who didn’t like that idea who lived there, and they bombed the building a week before we was going to have the grand opening.</p> <p>Franklin: Did they ever find out who bombed the building?</p> <p>Carter: No.</p> <p>Franklin: Do you have any idea?</p> <p>Carter: Yeah, mm-hmm.</p> <p>Franklin: And can you say?</p> <p>Carter: No, because I can’t prove it.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. Can you say which community it may have been in? Was it someone from the African American community?</p> <p>Carter: Yeah, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay. What do you think the potential motivation to bomb—to sabotage that building?</p> <p>Carter: Jealousy, hatred for Richland people. There are people who thought, for some reason or another, that we looked down on them and was going to be doing stuff that was not favorable for them, for some reason or another. But at the same time, all of the commercial facilities in east Pasco were owned by whites. And they didn’t have any problem going to that white grocery store over there and spending their money. Or having to drive all the way across town to a white-owned laundromat, when we built a very nice one there. It was one of the nicest ones in the Tri-Cities area there. So it was jealousy and just disgruntlement toward Richland people.</p> <p>Franklin: Interesting.</p> <p>Carter: Even Dr. Dallas Barnes lived right there in that community, and he was a part of the program.</p> <p>Franklin: So it wasn’t just Richland people; it was like a collaboration between Pasco residents and Richland residents.</p> <p>Carter: Yes.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah. You had mentioned Dallas Barnes before, before the interview and just now. I’m wondering if you could tell us a little bit about your relationship with Dallas Barnes and—</p> <p>Carter: We met Dallas and his wife, Lozie, the first year we were here. In fact, the second week, I think, we were here, because my bride came out here alone on the train with two babies.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p>Carter: And she just fell sick after she got here. She was just exhausted. So I had to put her in Kadlec Hospital and Dallas’ wife, Lozie, stepped up to help me with the babies until I got my bride out of the hospital. That’s how we met. At that time, Dallas was working as a technician out at the 300 Area.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay. And is that how you knew each other, was from—you had met at work?</p> <p>Carter: No, we had not met at work. We just met through—probably one of the nurses at the hospital knew about Dallas’ wife, Lozie, and said, you know, I bet she can help take care of those babies of yours.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, that’s really great. And you guys became kind of lifelong friends?</p> <p>Carter: Yup, that’s right.</p> <p>Franklin: And you mentioned that Dallas later went on to a career at the university, right?</p> <p>Carter: Yes.</p> <p>Franklin: But still continues to live in Pasco?</p> <p>Carter: No, he lived up in Pullman for 20-something years, probably.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, right, right, right.</p> <p>Carter: But he left Pasco and went up there and got his bachelor’s degree, and then went on and got his PhD and joined the staff up there.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay. Did you—when did you first purchase a home in Richland?</p> <p>Carter: My first year here.</p> <p>Franklin: Did you have any problems buying a house here in Richland?</p> <p>Carter: No.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Carter: At the time, the Richland Village was a rental community. And they decided that they wanted to get out—the outfit that owned it wanted to get out of it and sell all the houses in Richland Village. Which, you know, was hundreds of houses. So the manager of the organization called me and said, Dan, we’re going to sell these houses and you can buy the house that you’re in, or you may prefer to have a larger house, like a three-bedroom, since you have a family. So, we chose to look at one of the three-bedrooms he had, and we bought that.</p> <p>Franklin: What was the address of that house?</p> <p>Carter: I think it was 2027 Newcomer.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. So right in central Richland, in Richland proper.</p> <p>Carter: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. Let’s see here. I’ve heard from others and by doing a little research that Kennewick was kind of an unofficially segregated town in that African Americans were not encouraged to be there after dark or were not encouraged to live there. I’m wondering if you had any experiences with—</p> <p>Carter: When we moved here, as far as we knew, there was not a single black family that lived in Kennewick. However, interesting, through some of the people at work, we were invited to homes over in Kennewick for a social gathering.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Carter: One of the first black families to get a home in Kennewick was the Herb Jones family. Herb Jones and his wife, Rendie, Rendata. They purchased a home over in the old part of Kennewick. And as far as we know, they were the very first ones to own—black family to own a home there. I think both Herb and Rendie worked out at Hanford. And I think they were a part of the CORE organization, too.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. Do you remember about what time that was?</p> <p>Carter: I’m going to guess late ‘60s?</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. When you would go to Kennewick, did you feel welcome in the area? Did you ever get any kind of—</p> <p>Carter: No.</p> <p>Franklin: --undue harassment by the police or anything?</p> <p>Carter: No, never.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Carter: And we went there for shopping, you know.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. How would you describe life in the community of Richland when you first moved here?</p> <p>Carter: Well, like I said, we never experienced an overt negative situation at all. As far as I know, when we came here, Ed Smith and I were the only black professionals here.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Carter: And Ed has passed away now. Ed was an engineer, and I was a scientist. As far as I know, we were the only ones back in the mid-‘60s. I came in ’64, and I think Ed and his family came here in probably ’62, ’63, thereabouts. They were here before we were. And we became lifelong friends also. And like I say, Eddie died about five, six years ago. But we went to whatever store we wanted to go to. We were treated with respect. At church, we were well-received. At the time, my wife went to Christ the King, and I went to Central United Protestant, and over the years, she transferred over to Central United Protestant because of the music program. She wanted to get in a music program.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p>Carter: Christ the King didn’t have much of a music program, so she came over there and sang in the choir at Central United Protestant for about 30 years.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, wow.</p> <p>Carter: So I was never called names or anything like that. I can’t remember anything like that happening to me or to my family.</p> <p>Franklin: While you were here?</p> <p>Carter: Yes.</p> <p>Franklin: But did that kind of thing happen in the South, when you were growing up and when you were in college?</p> <p>Carter: Yeah, things like that happened, but I don’t remember it happening to me. We sort of did all of our activities, if you will, in the black community, the black churches, black restaurants, and movie theaters and so forth.</p> <p>Franklin: Sure. Do you remember any particular community events in Richland that stand out to you when you moved here and the years after?</p> <p>Carter: Well, I became an activist myself. I helped start the first Head Start program for Benton and Franklin Counties. I recall loading stuffed toys in my old station wagon and hauling it over to the Unitarian Church in Kennewick, where we started the program. And that, like I said, that was at the Unitarian Church in Kennewick where we started the Head Start program.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Carter: I became the first president of the Community Action Agency for Benton and Franklin Counties.</p> <p>Franklin: What did that agency do?</p> <p>Carter: It still does community services. It’s a community service organization. It does a lot of things. Housing, weatherization, and all kind of community support activities. They’re located in Pasco over there on Court Street. So they’ve been around ever since. I was the first chair of the Benton, Franklin and Walla Walla Private Industry Council. That’s an organization we set up for job training, and became a part of the—grew out of the Job Training Partnership Act. I serve on the state level in that organization, and then when they decided to set up the private Industry Council, then I had the knowledge. So the county commissioners called me in, and we met at the Franklin County courthouse for our first meeting to start this program. And the county commissioner said, Dan, you’re going to have to head this thing up to get it started. And I did, to get it started.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, wow.</p> <p>Carter: In fact, I even have a plaque from President Reagan for my activities in that program.</p> <p>Franklin: Really?</p> <p>Carter: Yup.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. How—kind of returning to your Hanford work—</p> <p>Carter: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Going to flip over to the Hanford side of things. It says here that you hold a US patent in one of the PUREX processes.</p> <p>Carter: That’s correct.</p> <p>Franklin: How did that happen?</p> <p>Carter: That’s the work I was doing in the laboratory, doing research work in the laboratory, and stumbled upon something that was—I was working on PUREX work in the laboratory in the 300 Area.</p> <p>Franklin: Was that for Battelle?</p> <p>Carter: Yeah, that was under Battelle, right.</p> <p>Franklin: Without getting too technical, I wonder if you could describe the patent.</p> <p>Carter: It has to do with the suppression of hydrogen generation during the PUREX process.</p> <p>Franklin: And what was the importance of that?</p> <p>Carter: Well, if you get too much hydrogen in the system, you can have an explosion. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: So, you as a private person, can hold a US patent while doing government work?</p> <p>Carter: You get a patent issued under your name, but the government owns it.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay, okay. That’s still really, really cool. So it says here that you began working for GE, and then to Battelle and then to Westinghouse.</p> <p>Carter: Mm-hm.</p> <p>Franklin: How long did you work for Battelle for?</p> <p>Carter: About five years.</p> <p>Franklin: And was it all in the 300 Area?</p> <p>Carter: Yes, all the Battelle work was in the 300 Area.</p> <p>Franklin: And when you transferred to Westinghouse—well, first of all, why did you transfer, and then what did you do?</p> <p>Carter: Because Battelle lost the funding for reactor programs. And at the time, I was working in nuclear fuel on development. So, if I wanted to stay in the reactor-related program where the funding was, I had to go over to Westinghouse. And Westinghouse was awarded the contract to build the FFTF, the Fast Flux Test Facility. So, I jumped to Westinghouse to become a part of the Fast Flux Test Facility design, construction and operation.</p> <p>Franklin: How long did you stay working with the FFTF?</p> <p>Carter: I can’t tell you exactly the number of years, but maybe ten years. I’m not sure it was that long, because I signed up to become a part of the startup crew for the reactor. So I had to go through nuclear power training for that. And a part of that was done down at Idaho Falls. So, I had to go down to Idaho Falls and work down there in the reactor business at the EBR-II reactor down there to qualify. And then when I came back, I was sent out to the 400 Area at the Site to work with Bechtel on constructing the reactor. So, one of the things that we had to know, as a part of the reactor operation program, we had to learn every system in that reactor. And as a result of that knowledge, Bechtel would lean on me when they need to find something in the plant as we were building it. So I walked the plant every day to see what was being built where, and I could work with the design people and the construction people to make sure we were building the reactor properly.</p> <p>Franklin: What was the importance of the FFTF?</p> <p>Carter: It was the leading edge of the Breeder Reactor program. We were going to demonstrate how you could generate more fuel than you burned and also at the same time generate electricity. It was called the Breeder Reactor Program. So, we were the first to do that, and we had the most sophisticated reactor in the world at the time. And then based on the work we were doing at Hanford and the design we came up with, a large breeder reactor was designed to be built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. And I had to go down there, also. But when the thing with the Carter Administration came in and decided to pull the funding out of that program even though we had the design, a lot of that facility, and all these beautiful stainless steel components built and ready to go in, poured the foundation and ready to start coming up out of the ground with it, and they pulled the funding out of it.</p> <p>Franklin: Ouch.</p> <p>Carter: So that was essentially the deathblow to the Breeder Reactor Program, even though Westinghouse continued to build the FFTF and we got it built and got it up and operating. At the time it became operational, I was not involved because Westinghouse farmed me out all the time as a consultant to the Department of Energy, to United Nuclear, to Rockwell Hanford—I worked for almost ten years as a consultant.</p> <p>Franklin: What kinds of things did you consult on?</p> <p>Carter: It had to do with documentation of systems and components, like when DOE was going to build the, what was called the B-WIP program, where they were going to dig this big hole out in the 200 Area and go down into the basalt—</p> <p>Franklin: The Basalt Waste Isolation Project.</p> <p>Carter: Yep, yep. I was—DOE had me to come in to work with them to write up documents on design and construction for that project. So I worked with them on that. And in fact, DOE even sent me down to Puerto Rico for a trip to go down there for a while.</p> <p>Franklin: Why did you go down to Puerto Rico?</p> <p>Carter: Oh, they wanted me to represent them down there at a big conference.</p> <p>Franklin: Must’ve been fun.</p> <p>Carter: I thought it was the worst conference I’d ever been to. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Why is that?</p> <p>Carter: So, it was terrible. I wrote it up as being very terrible. But my wife and baby enjoyed it. [LAUGHTER] They went along, too, and they had a great time out on the beach.</p> <p>Franklin: Was it terrible because of the technical aspects of the conference, or was it a—</p> <p>Carter: Yeah, because of that, and the people who they had as keynotes—speakers and so forth. They were just terrible.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. That’s funny.</p> <p>Carter: And I let them know it.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And when did you—you eventually retired, right, in 1996?</p> <p>Carter: Yeah, ’96, I retired, because we lost our contract with DOE.</p> <p>Franklin: Who did?</p> <p>Carter: Westinghouse.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Carter: And Fluor-Daniels and their buddies were coming in, and I felt that, no, I didn’t think I was going to fit into that bunch. At the time, I was doing a lot of science education work for Westinghouse. I traveled extensively to the Washington, D.C. and the southeast, working with colleges and universities doing science education work. Served on like the College of Engineering Advisory Council at Southern University, for example.</p> <p>Franklin: So you were kind of moving out of direct Hanford operations at that time with Westinghouse.</p> <p>Carter: Mm-hmm.</p> <p>Franklin: Westinghouse left. Okay, and what did you do after retirement?</p> <p>Carter: My wife had a business going, and I decided to support her.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. And what’s that—what was the business?</p> <p>Carter: She had a National Car Rental for Tri-Cities and Yakima for a while. And then she operated a post office for the West Richland community for a while, and then she went out a bought a travel agency and set up a tour company called Genie Tours that had—and she built up a fleet of almost a dozen tour buses. And it tours throughout the western part of the United States. And she also did tours back to, like, Branson, but she didn’t take her own bus.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Carter: She would fly them back there and she would charter over somebody’s back there where she did that. But back here, many trips to Portland, Seattle, down to California. Like when WSU played in the Rose Bowl, both times, she took one of our buses down there with people on it.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay. Your wife was quite entrepreneurial.</p> <p>Carter: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: All of your kids—how many children do you have?</p> <p>Carter: Three.</p> <p>Franklin: Three. And they all grew up in Richland and—</p> <p>Carter: Yup.</p> <p>Franklin: --attended Richland schools.</p> <p>Carter: Hanford.</p> <p>Franklin: Hanford High.</p> <p>Carter: Mm-hmm.</p> <p>Franklin: Did they ever talk about experiencing any kind of discrimination or segregation or anything due to the—</p> <p>Carter: Nothing serious, you know. There were probably a few occasions where there may have been a name-calling or stuff like that. But, no, they did okay. And they ended up going from Hanford to WSU Pullman.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. All three?</p> <p>Carter: All three, except for our youngest son decided, nah, I want to do something different. So he went into the Air Force and studied for a little while, and then he came back out and formed himself a band out of Spokane and bummed around. And finally decided, you know, it’s not doing too well. So he came back home and now he’s working out at Hanford.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay, kind of continuing in the family tradition. Oh, shoot, I had a question. What was it? Oh, and then you also, at some point, joined the B Reactor Museum Association.</p> <p>Carter: Correct.</p> <p>Franklin: And when did you join that group?</p> <p>Carter: Right when it started.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, so back in the ‘90s.</p> <p>Carter: Yeah, wherever it was. I don’t remember, yeah, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay, okay. Did you play any roles within the association?</p> <p>Carter: No, I did not.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay, just a supporter?</p> <p>Carter: Yeah, I was too busy with other activities, you know. When I joined my wife with her tour company, it was all I could do to try to keep up with that operation and help her keep up with that operation.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, I bet. Running a business takes a lot of work.</p> <p>Carter: Especially that particular business, because she got buses going and coming, and you have breakdowns and you have situations at the hotels for your people, you got to make sure they’re taken care of. She used to do the spring training for Mariners baseball down in Phoenix every year.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, yeah, yeah! Does she still operate the business?</p> <p>Carter: No, we had to shut that down. My bride is now suffering from Alzheimer’s.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay. Okay.</p> <p>Carter: So I’m her principal caregiver now. And she requires 24/7 care.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, I would imagine so. I just have a couple questions left, kind of larger reflective questions. In what ways did security and secrecy at Hanford impact your work on, or daily life?</p> <p>Carter: Well, I can’t say it impacted. We know that if you had a Q clearance, there’s certain information you had access to, and you couldn’t talk about it with people that didn’t have Q clearance or the need-to-know. So, I knew that, and I worked accordingly.</p> <p>Franklin: Did you have a Q clearance?</p> <p>Carter: Yes.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. What would you like future generations to know about working at Hanford and living in Richland during the Cold War?</p> <p>Carter: That one of the most talented group of scientists and engineers anywhere in the world were right here at Hanford. And they shared their knowledge with you. I learned probably more from coworkers than I learned at the university.</p> <p>Franklin: How so?</p> <p>Carter: Because they knew what was going on. And they would help me understand processes and how technical things worked.</p> <p>Franklin: Was there ever—did you ever have any fear or trepidation about working with nuclear materials--</p> <p>Carter: No.</p> <p>Franklin: --at all when you came to take the job at Hanford?</p> <p>Carter: No, never.</p> <p>Franklin: Did your wife at all?</p> <p>Carter: No, no.</p> <p>Franklin:  Okay.</p> <p>Carter: In fact, when I worked at 325 Building, I was sometimes looked upon as the mad scientist. Because on occasions, I would have a little minor accident and blow up something and fumes coming out into the hallway. [CHUCKLING] And people coming, Dan, you okay, you okay? Yup, everything’s cool, everything’s cool.</p> <p>Franklin: [LAUGHTER] Kind of a laissez-faire attitude to industrial hazard. Is there anything else you’d like to mention related to migration, segregation, and civil rights and how they impacted your life in the Tri-Cities?</p> <p>Carter: Well, I feel that my bride and I were very fortunate in our family, because, like I say, we were treated well, we were well-respected, and we had opportunities to participate in a lot of community activities. My bride did, also, too. She was very active over at CBC, for example. The Martin Luther King monument over there, she was one of the persons who helped raised the money to build that monument over there at CBC. She served on the Foundations board for several years.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay.</p> <p>Carter: So, yeah, we became a part of the community, and I think we made some significant contribution to our community here. And as a result, we choose to still live here.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, I would say so. Well, Dan, thank you so much for coming and speaking with us about your life and your work at Hanford. I really appreciate it.</p> <p>Carter: It’s my pleasure to share whatever knowledge I can share about the Hanford Project and the great work that’s been done out there, and the wonderful, highly technical people that worked out there. As a result, I got a chance to meet some outstanding scientists from around the world: some scientists from England that came over and we worked with them. I did some research with a scientist from Berkeley, who ended up at WSU Pullman and he tried to get me to leave Hanford and join his research team up at Pullman. But I chose not to do so. I met Bob Sanko, from Connell, who—he and his other colleague who were authors of textbooks—tried to get me to come up and join their research team up at Connell and I chose to stay here. So, as a result, my work at Hanford, I got a chance to meet a lot of outstanding scientists.</p> <p>Franklin: Great. Well, thank you again, Dan.</p> <p>Carter: My pleasure.</p> Hanford Sites Any sites on the Hanford site mentioned in the interview 300 Area PUREX 200 Area HEHF (Hanford Environmental Health Foundation) FFTF (Fast Flux Test Facility) 400 Area B-WIP (Basalt Waste Isolation Plant) 325 Building Years in Tri-Cities Area Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site 1964- Years on Hanford Site Years on the Hanford Site, if any. 1964-1996 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with Dan Carter Subject The topic of the resource Hanford Site (Wash.) Richland (Wash.) Pasco (Wash.) Chemistry African American colleges and universities Segregation Civil rights Civil rights movements Description An account of the resource Dan Carter moved to Richland, Washington in 1964 and worked on the Hanford Site from 1964-1996. A National Park Service funded project to document the history of African American contributions to Hanford and the surrounding communities. This project was conducted through the Pacific Northwest Cooperative Ecosystems Unit, Task Agreement P17AC01288 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/19/2018 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to the US Department of Energy collection. This oral history collection was done in partnership with the National Park Service under Task Agreement P17AC01288. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/omeka-hhp%2Foriginal%2F85d2697537289322f1ef78bc2e2e8d84.JPG 462252d2da1844068f2fc6dc50b25dae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Post-1943 Oral Histories Subject The topic of the resource Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War Description An account of the resource Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items. Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Robert Franklin Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed John Williams Location The location of the interview Washington State University - Tri Cities Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound <p>Tom Hungate: We’re rolling.</p> <p>Robert Franklin: My name is Robert Franklin. I am conducting an oral history interview with John A. Williams on June 1^st, 2016. The interview is being conducted on the campus of Washington State University, Tri-Cities. I will be talking with Mr. Williams about his experiences working at the Hanford site and owning a winery in the Tri-Cities region.</p> <p>John Williams: Okay.</p> <p>Franklin: So is it okay if I call you John?</p> <p>Williams: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay, great. And you can call me Robert.</p> <p>Williams: Okay. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: So I read in your—Emma [Rice] was kind enough to give me a bio, and so I read that your father worked at Hanford in World War II and you came here when you were a child.</p> <p>Williams: Mm-hmm.</p> <p>Franklin: The best place to being seems there, at the beginning.</p> <p>Williams: Okay, if you want me to, I will start there.</p> <p>Franklin: That would be great.</p> <p>Williams: Okay. Yeah, I was a little—actually it’s pretty good information about people that lived here in the early days. My father had already came out here. My mother drove us out, about six months after my father had come to work at Hanford.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay, sorry—when did he come to work? Do you remember the time of the year, what year it was?</p> <p>Williams: Well, it had to be in early ’44, I think.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Williams: Because we also—then we came out here about six months later and moved in middle of ’44, as best I can remember. I’m not remembering very many dates anymore. [LAUGHTER] We actually had to board up in Sunnyside in the old—they used to have some old Navy homes there.</p> <p>Franklin: Really?</p> <p>Williams: So we were about four or five blocks from the school there. So my mother took me down there, and I started school there. One day at lunchtime or wherever they were going—they were trucking us along the sidewalk, a bunch of kids—and I turned and headed toward what I thought was home. [LAUGHTER] They didn’t tell me what I was going to do. Anyway, turns out I got lost on the first day of school out there. [LAUGHTER] So it took them about a half day to find me or something like that. Anyway, we lived in those old Navy homes, and then we finally—they finished the house in Richland. It was a B house down on Thayer Drive. At that time, they usually had big courts behind all the houses, they were usually built in at least an arrangement where there was usually a large back area in there. And I remember there was not a seed of grass. It was all sand and dirt. And every time the wind blew, it blew like hell. [LAUGHTER] Anyway, that’s our first move to Richland. Then I started school there and went to Sacajawea—originally it was Sacajawea. Then Spalding, and then Marcus Whitman, and then Columbia High School. That was sort of that situation there. I then went to CBC for a year, not realizing that things weren’t going to mesh up too well with the programs at WSU. I had met—I’m not sure how I’d met these people—but I had met a couple people, I guess, that were material scientists, metallurgists. So I talked to them for a while, and I decided that that’s what I wanted to be—a physical metallurgist. So I went to school at WSU in the physical metallurgy department. Now I think they call it mechanics of materials or something like that. It changed—they’re always changing the [LAUGHTER] names of the programs and stuff. So I graduated from there in 1961. Then, like I say, I interviewed a number of places, and decided, you know, I really sort of like Richland. [LAUGHTER] Because I had some--well, there was the mining industry, that was centered up around the Great Lakes. Then Pennsylvania and then there was Washington, DC was a possibility. So I interviewed a number of places, but they really were not something that would fit my personality as a basic country boy. Since I’d also grown up hunting and fishing—that was before they had all the lakes set up around then at Potholes Reservoir area. So we duck hunted on the Yakima River, and fished, and hiked in the mountains. It was a really great—as far as I’m concerned, it was a really great place to grow up because of the diversity of mountains and desert and everything else. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Now I live out between West Richland and Benton City. My address is Benton City, but that’s my mailing address. We started—with my former partner there—we started the first vineyard on Red Mountain. I remember it was sort of just a Jeep trail going in there, along what is now called Sunset Road. In fact, it was sort of a sunken road you might say. It was always interesting, because in the wintertime when it rained—and you know it did rain occasionally—but the water stayed in the road. We even had—you’d go in there on that road and there would be ducks sitting on the ponds on the road. [LAUGHTER] Oh, anyway, we started our effort to develop a vineyard, and that was in 19—so we bought the land in 1973, and got some permits and stuff. Actually, I bought the land from my father-in-law who owns—at that time—Waste Incinerating Company. I told him, I says, well, if I don’t hit water, I don’t want to close. [LAUGHTER] We had researched the water and we figured it was down there. I mean, we really researched the water. We figured it was down there about 540 feet below the surface. Through a couple layers of basalt also and the geological formation that the water was in fractured basalt. Anyway, we got an old well driller in there and we told him the water was down about 540 foot--just a couple young kids—guys. He’d look at us and roll his eyes, oh, yeah. [LAUGHTER] They know where the water is. So anyway they started drilling and finally got down there. He got down there and we knew that was the day that he was going to get there. So we got out there after work and he was still drilling. Just—he says, boys, I just reached 540 feet, and there isn’t any water there. And we says, well, it’s got to be close. Anyway [LAUGHTER] we were pretty confident. He drilled about two more feet and hit water. I always remembered that, because he looked up, he says, you boys did know where that water was! [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>That was sort of the beginning of our vineyard efforts there. It took all the money that we had to drill wells and plant grapes. So I kept on working at Hanford. I worked with—when it started it was General Electric, and then Battelle came in. I had a program there and I was just like, no matter what I was doing, they just wanted me to do—write proposals and everything else like that. I had a fully funded program and it was one of those things that I just—I know what these guys are doing, because that was their young days in Battelle. I was traveling with some of my research projects at Hanford. So I just decided, well, if this is what the situation is going to be, I says, I think I’ll just change jobs. So I did go to work for my father-in-law at Waste Incinerating. Since I knew metallurgy and the incinerating processes—there’s a lot of metallurgy associated with the incineration of materials and all the different conditions, atmosphere and everything. So I had a pretty good feeling for what it was, so I worked for him for—oh, about a little less than two years. I just—I had some conflict with working for him. But it was one of those things that was really good, because I learned something that has always stuck with me, is if you give a guy a job, let him do it, as long as he’s got the capability to do that job. My son started working with us later, and I realized that a lesson learned is a lesson to be applied. With him, working for me, I give him the viticultural work, responsibilities, got into the wine making, because I was still working out here. He did a hell of a job, you know. But I was always very careful about how I approached what he was doing and what my concerns were and stuff. We got along fine. Anyway, I had three kids by the time I got out of college. So most of them are around here now. My one girl, daughter, just moved back. So whole darn family is [LAUGHTER] pretty much—one daughter in Moses Lake and her husband. He works for the silicone company up there and makes—So anyway I started working here, so I worked in the metallurgy department and that was in the early days. I worked with programs called N Reactor Creep, or radiation of materials and Creep was with N. It was basically on Zircaloy, stainless steel, and materials also for Fast Breeder reactors, which were coming along at that time—or proposed to come along. And then that’s after—that was before I left and went to work for Waste Incineration Company. And then when I came back to work, I had—Westinghouse came in work. I had a program called Heavy Section Steel Technology Program. This was the only non-FFTF fast reactor or nuclear reactor program, because it was all associated with power reactors. More specifically, pressurized water reactors, which were the home and the kind of reactors that Westinghouse was building all over the place. So here I am, sitting in with a bunch of people that are doing all sorts of other work, and I’m doing a pressure vessel steel work, ad interfacing with—it was pretty interesting, because I was interfacing with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, who were—the program direction was out of there. With Naval Research Laboratories in Virginia, and lots of AEC government meetings in Germantown, Maryland. So it was back and forth a lot. That was a really, actually, it was a very interesting program, and pretty much nobody else had any expertise in it, so they pretty much left me alone. [LAUGHTER] As a result of that, I really ended up with a lot of responsibilities and finally developed to a principal engineering position. So I would just BS with some post-graduate education, but where most of those kind of programs went to PhDs to be the head of a program. So I felt pretty fortunate. I did a good job, and really was able to pretty much do my own—make my own guidelines and publish quite a bit of data. So I think that was a real opportunity in terms of my growth.</p> <p>After that, then when that program sort of ended, I went to work in the 305 Building, which was the old reactor building at that time. You know, before they changed that, that’s where they had one of the original graphite piles there. So I subsequently went to work there and it was called the SAF—not the SAF program, it was the FMEF Program, which was where we developed all the equipment and tested it and checked it all out and wrote the procedures and trained technicians with the equipment. With the eventual move of that equipment out to the NDE and DE cells and in the FMEF down on the minus-30 or -40 foot level on that. We finally moved those in there and got everything installed and then they decided, well, we’re not going to do that here. [LAUGHTER] Which is not an unusual thing that’s happened over the years, in terms of programs at Hanford. All that stuff was then pulled out and sent to Dayton, Ohio, where DoE had a big lab there, a materials lab and fuels lab and stuff like that. That was a—well, I was a little sorry to see it go, because I thought it was going to be—I thought we had really done a great job, and the people that ended up with equipment just always really thought we had done a great job, too. So from that, I then moved into the SAF operation, which is for the production of—it was called the Secure Automated Fabrication line. It was a line that everything was in hoods, connected for continuous processes through the lines. There was one line that was set up for pellet production, canning of the pellets. Then there was another line for the chemistry sections of it. It was quite a—it was actually a really technical challenge and we had a lot of really good engineers. Normally, we had—with the number of systems, there were like 30-some systems within the process control. Not even counting all the computer model—the computer systems that were used to run it. So it was basically an automated system running from computer consoles and such. Anyway, the people that I worked with there were very dedicated and I thought it was a real accomplishment. They never did—we actually ran the line and tested the line with basically surrogate materials that were used to run the processes and test out the processes. Toward the end of that process, my systems were pretty much done. So I ended up sort of managing the—with the help of a couple of technicians—documenting the systems, reviewing all the operation procedures for each one of the systems, and then documenting that and getting that into the files for running the system. It was quite a system, I will say that, for sure. I think then from there, I went on to—well, we had a group there that had been—the process engineers and the chemical engineers and everybody that was involved to be able to run a system like that and create the documentation for it. As a result of that, we then sort of—let’s see, I got to think just a minute here. Okay. From there, we went—we had a group that we had all worked together there and we formed another group that was set up to, then, start the re-documentation of a lot of the procedures in the outer areas, the plutonium production and those facilities. They had—in other words—they had procedures out there, but nobody liked to read them, because they were so cumbersome. They were! I mean, they were just really practically impossible for the people that worked there to follow the procedures and accomplish work in a simple and a procedural manner where they could have good quality control on the thing. Anyway, we went out and they formed a group where they wanted us to go to the major facilities and rewrite operational procedures for them. I think that happened because of all the kudos that we got from documenting the FMEF SAF line in the facility. In other words, it was a—I will say—it was not a simple system, but it was well-documented and well-designed and all the guys that worked on that project were really pretty pleased with the stuff we had done. We got out to—I think it was 200 West, and we started on—people there, when we first came in, they says—it’s one of those things—well, we’re going to help you. [LAUGHTER] Nobody likes to be helped. But once we got started with it and talked to them about our goals and how we would accomplish it and stuff, they actually didn’t feel that badly toward us. I think there was a lot of animosity. You know, when you come in and tell them, we’re going to help you, you know? There’s a lot of people say, they aren’t going to help us, you know. So anyway with all the interviews that we did, and the participation that we included these people in the writing and the editing and everything for these procedures, for their different facilities, the first one that we finished, our group got a really big kudos and a lot of pat on the backs, and a lot of notoriety within Westinghouse at that time that was doing that. The next one, actually, the people that we did it for initially said, well where are you going next? We’ll recommend you that it’s something that can really be of value. So that’s what we did for the next couple years. Did a number of sites—I can’t remember what they were—oh. [LAUGHTER] It’s been a while. I actually looked for some of the documents and stuff that we had written and also some papers that I had written. And I could not find a damn thing. I had written most of those on a computer and stuff like that. I had kept some of my publications that we had produced in the open literature. So anyway, I didn’t find them. That’s 20-some years ago and not too easy to maintain where those are at, especially getting a house like ours and everything is sort of cluttered. [LAUGHTER] We did a couple more of those facilities, and then I had heard that there had been advertised that there was going to be early retirement because they wanted to do reduction of force. So I actually opted for that about a year or so ahead. What happened then is that they put me on another program where there was a number of us. There were some quality assurance people, some computer people, and a number of other disciplines that we were going to rewrite a lot of the Westinghouse Hanford management plans and that sort of thing. Since we had gotten pretty good kudos from the work that we had done for individual facilities, they decided that, well, maybe we need to update the Westinghouse program guides and stuff like that. We got started into that, and I worked at that for about a year. And that’s when I went because I was planning on—I told my managers there that if they actually had the early retirement, I was—sayonara. [LAUGHTER] So that opportunity came up in 1994 and I opted for the early retirement, which was, I think, a pretty good deal. You get three years on your age—on service, and didn’t have to get any pains to leave.</p> <p>So that’s what I did. Of course, at that time, the vineyard and the winery was getting more and more demanding. So I quit. The other thing was my father was at an age that I wanted to spend some time hunting and fishing with him, and damned if I got out—once I—after I quit, he had a heart attack around Christmas time. I remember, because we were headed—we were going to go over to—well, he’d had a heart attack before that. So every year we always went over to Pasco, up on there, where they used to have all the Christmas lighting and a lot of stuff like that. So we always took them and went up there. And, darn, we were sitting there having dinner at my mom’s, at their house, and my mother was bitching a little bit. [LAUGHTER] You can take that bitching out. [LAUGHTER] But anyway, my dad got up and walked to his chair and picked up his pill bottle. And I says, Dad, if you’re having a pain, just take that pill, don’t have to read the bottle again. Just take the pill. About that time he slipped out of the chair and passed away there. So that sort of put the kibosh on the hunting and the fishing and the stuff like that. But I had plenty of things to do. I also skied a lot at that time—I started skiing after I got out of college and was on National Ski Patrol for about 30-some years. And all my kids skied and they’re still on Ski Patrol, and grandkids are on Ski Patrol at White Pass, so we’ve been a patrolling family for years. Basically my big recreation thing. I still like to fish and hunt, but I didn’t have a fishing and hunting partner anymore. Well, I had some, but it was not quite the same as doing it with your dad, you know. That sort of brings us up to date. Then, like I said, we expanded our vineyards on Red Mountain. We built—I kept pretty busy after ’94. We built one building, because, actually, our house in Richland had ten-foot basement walls and an outside entrance and it was full of wine barrels--[LAUGHTER]—as my garage was. So we ended up finally building another building out there. I said, gosh, this is a really big building. And we immediately filled it up with tanks and barrels. I told my wife, I said, I’m not going to build any more buildings. And she says, I think you probably will. So it’s never say never. And we ended up building another building which was about twice as big for our case storage, and we have a lab in there and a bottling line, and pretty much a full facility winery. And then after operating from—I think we moved into our house in 1982 with the idea that we would move out of the tasting room down there. Because we had a nice tasting room in the basement and people would come there. And we’d move out of there and build another tasting room. Well, I didn’t do that until about 1970. [LAUGHTER] No, excuse me. 2070—20-07. Excuse me. 2007. So we built a pretty nice tasting room out there and have been using that ever since and it’s been a real big addition for us. We have a number of people working in our tasting room for us. I can always go over and get me a glass of wine when I need it. [LAUGHTER] So I think that probably pretty much brings us up to date. Like I said, when we started our vineyards, there were only eight—well at that time, I think there was only about five wineries in the state. Then 1980, I think there was about—when we actually started selling our first wines, I think there was probably ten wineries. That’s grown over the years now—I know over a year ago there was 800 wineries in the state, and I don’t know how many there is now. There’s probably 900 or so. I don’t know. I lost count.</p> <p>Franklin: Nice. It’s huge—it’s a booming industry.</p> <p>Williams: Oh, it is, yeah. And Oregon--the same thing is happening in Oregon. Between our vineyard and my son’s vineyard and then he has another vineyard out in Finley area that he bought quite a while ago—the first vineyard that he went to work for when he got out of college. Finally he ended up buying it. So we sell grapes to a lot of other wineries with the combined acreage of grapes that we have on Red Mountain and that is about 350 acres of wine grapes. We don’t make that much wine, so we sell quite a bit.</p> <p>Franklin: That’s quite a lot of—that’s pretty big acreage.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah. My grandson works for us—he’s in marketing. I guess my other grandson is probably going to go to work for us someday, if he—he travels around the world and goes to a different—works at a different winery every season, either north or south of the Equator. Because he can do that opposite seasons. He just took his—or he’s taking his exams for entering WSU in enology. Right now, though, he does—he’s got one more year and he’s got a job in France for next vintage. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Sounds like a pretty nice life.</p> <p>Williams: He’ll come back eventually, I guess. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, unless France grabs him.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. You mentioned so much, and thank you.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: We covered a lot. If you don’t mind, I’m going to go back and maybe—</p> <p>Williams: You can edit whatever you want. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Get a few details No, I’m not editing anything. I’d just like to drill into things a little bit more.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: So you said your family first came, you lived in Sunnyside Navy homes.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: And that was, I assume, because of the shortage of—</p> <p>Williams: Yeah, our house in Richland was not finished. So when we moved in to rent the house in Richland, it was brand new and it was the best house we’d ever lived in. [LAUGHTER] We came from Missouri, was our—</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Williams: And my dad was a—he hated farming. [LAUGHTER] And he got into carpentry and then he actually worked for, I guess it was, Remington Arms in—I think they were in—yeah, they were in Kansas City. That’s how he then was offered—and that was during the Second World War—so he was offered to come to Richland—or Hanford at that time—and go to work on the Project as a carpenter. Eventually, he—well, like I said, we settled in Richland with a brand new home there, and over the years, hunted, fished. My dad was a hobby gunsmith. For years, he was the only gunsmith in the Tri-City area. So he—of course there weren’t that many sporting goods stores—there was BB&amp;M and a couple other sporting goods stores that he used to restore guns for and he had a shop in his basement in the house that he bought—he didn’t buy, but he—one of the things that—except there was four kids and two bedrooms—he excavated his half of the B house, excavated the—and you could do that then—excavated the half of the basement and put the concrete in and the walls in down there with the blessings of the Hanford people. So he had a pretty nice shop down there. Of course it had that great big old furnace in it, too. [LAUGHTER] This is another thing I remember as childhood is, when the coal trucks came around and delivered coal to all the houses, because everything was—one of those big old, big furnace, big coal furnace. Us kids would always—my mother would always get a little ticked off, she’d say, get out of that coal! Get out of there! And all this stuff. [LAUGHTER] And we’d come out usually all black and stuff like that. She kept me pretty clean, considering. She was sort of Mrs. Clean. She eventually worked out there at Battelle.</p> <p>Franklin: Your mother?</p> <p>Williams: My mother worked out there.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh really? What did she do?</p> <p>Williams: Well, she was in the 300 Area and she was in the radiation counting department, where most of it was processing badges and radiation levels on badges and stuff like that. I think that’s what she did primarily there. Every time I’d go there for lunch or have something and see her, she’d say, that’s my son! That’s my son! [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Aw.</p> <p>Williams: She was pretty proud of me.</p> <p>Franklin: And how long did she work at Hanford for?</p> <p>Williams: She worked there from, I would say—golly, you asked me a question there. I think she probably worked there from about 19—well she must have worked there at least about ten years before she retired.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, wow.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah. I can’t remember exactly when she started there, but I remember the place that she worked in there.</p> <p>Franklin: What were your parents’ names?</p> <p>Williams: Williams. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Williams—well, right.</p> <p>Williams: John and Ethel Williams.</p> <p>Franklin: John and Ethel Williams. So much of Hanford’s workforce was—especially after the war was primarily male. It’s very interesting that you had two parents that worked at—</p> <p>Williams: There was actually quite a few women working in the different areas. In 300 Area and in Battelle there. Of course there were a lot of secretaries and then there were people in chemical processing and stuff like that, too.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. Interesting. So what did your father—you said your father was a carpenter?</p> <p>Williams: Well, he was a carpenter and then he was a power operator--</p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p>Williams: --at the reactors. He worked at N Reactor and in the early days, I think his first one was—N Reactor and before that he worked at in Reactor. So we worked at F Reactor and N Reactor.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Williams: I think that’s correct. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: And how long did he work on—did he retire from Hanford?</p> <p>Williams: Yes, he did.</p> <p>Franklin: And do you know about how long he worked until?</p> <p>Williams: Well, he worked there from about 1944 to—I think he retired in—well, when he came here, I think he was about 35 years old. And he worked there until he retired at 65 or something like that.</p> <p>Franklin: So around 30 years?</p> <p>Williams: 30-some years, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: So then you guys worked there at the same time.</p> <p>Williams: Pardon?</p> <p>Franklin: So you and your father would have worked on site at the same time?</p> <p>Williams: Well, he was out in the outer areas, and I was in the 300 Area. Basically, he was in the reactor—fuel—reactor materials. Excuse me—bomb materials. [LAUGHTER] And that’s what all those reactors—they were producing material for bombs and they were separating—then all the separations were in the 200 and 200 West Area. And then where they completed the plutonium slugs was in the—I forget the name of the building, but that was in 200 West also. I can’t remember exactly the name of that building.</p> <p>Franklin: Was that the Plutonium Finishing Plant?</p> <p>Williams: The Plutonium Finishing Plant, yes, the Plutonium Finishing Plant.</p> <p>Franklin: We just got a big bunch of photos from that. Because they’re taking that down right now.</p> <p>Williams: Uh-huh.</p> <p>Franklin: So our project just got a big mess of photos from that. Really fascinating—</p> <p>Williams: Yeah, it was.</p> <p>Franklin: --how they [CROSSTALK]</p> <p>Williams: So we actually did one of the plant procedure—plant operating manuals again for that.</p> <p>Franklin: Your group did?</p> <p>Williams: Yes. I’m trying to think of all the other ones that we did, but I can’t remember them all. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. So when you moved out to Sunnyside, were there a lot of other Hanford families that were living—</p> <p>Williams: Well they were living—there was a—because a lot of people were living in Sunnyside, and when my dad first came there, he actually rented a room as a boarder in some people—at a house, a home. And I think there were a lot of other people doing that, too.</p> <p>Franklin: Here in Richland?</p> <p>Williams: No, in Sunnyside.</p> <p>Franklin: In Sunnyside, okay.</p> <p>Williams: Sunnyside. Because in Richland, by the time we were moved to Richland, they had the houses done. So they were building houses all along.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Williams: But I think there were a lot of people that were living in Sunnyside that were traveling—particularly if they worked out in the outer areas—the West areas or the reactors—they were all clear around, pretty much around that. So they were coming, driving from Sunnyside. And I’m not sure if they had buses running from Sunnyside or not, because I just never asked my dad that. But I never did think about it that much.</p> <p>Franklin: I can imagine back in the ‘40s that would have been a pretty long drive to get to work with the—</p> <p>Williams: Well, it was. And I think they had buses coming out of Sunnyside also.</p> <p>Franklin: So I guess one can imagine that Sunnyside would have been kind of jammed with a bunch of new people from all over the US working. Did you ever—did you go to school—the school that you went to you mentioned, say, was that mixed kids from Sunnyside and Hanford kids?</p> <p>Williams: Well, you know what? I was like first grade and--</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Williams: All I remember is, I sort of remember where that school was and I remember the places that we lived in. And then my grandparents, when they came out, they moved to Sunnyside.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh.</p> <p>Williams: And so we used to go up there every once in a while and visit them. Then we bought—my mom and dad bought a—they moved down to George Washington Way after I went to school and left home, they moved to George Washington Way. My dad remodeled a whole B house that was—he was pretty handy with that. They also then bought a prefab that was just over on I think Adams there or—anyway, it’s about one block past the street they lived on.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Williams: So you could run back and forth and visit and stuff.</p> <p>Franklin: Interesting. So how long did your family live in that—so you said your first house, the B house was on Thayer. How long did the family live there?</p> <p>Williams: Well they lived there and they moved—because I had already—after I started college, so that would have been actually in 1960—excuse me, that would have been in 19—I think they sold the houses in 1960—about 1958, I think. Something like that.</p> <p>Franklin: That’s right on the money. You’re talking about when the government—</p> <p>Williams: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, 1958.</p> <p>Williams: And my folks lived in a duplex with the other person, and they had lived there first, so they had first option on it. So my mother and dad bought another house that became available and they liked it. It was down on George Washington Way, had a big yard and—</p> <p>Franklin: And that would have been one of the alphabet—was that one of the alphabet houses?</p> <p>Williams: Yeah, it was a B house.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, okay. So a different B house from the first one you lived in?</p> <p>Williams: Well, it was just like it. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Right, right, yeah, of course. That’s true.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah, it’s a different B house. It was right on George Washington Way there.</p> <p>Franklin: I could have been more specific.</p> <p>Williams: Right on the corner of George Washington Way and—not Symons—what is that? Well, it was 203 George Washington Way and I’m trying to remember the street that runs alongside at that corner.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, yeah, that’s in the—that district’s now on the National Register.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah. And so my dad remodeled that house that had a big shop in the basement where he did gun work and stuff like that. People from all over the Tri-Cities used to come there to get their guns fixed, because he had a pretty good reputation. [LAUGHTER] So anyway we had a lot of guns—rifles and—two things I never—my dad wouldn’t let me have. He wouldn’t let me have a BB gun, and he wouldn’t let me have a pistol. Because he says, those are the things that kill each other or put eyes out. [LAUGHTER] So, you know, if you got a long gun, you’ve got a little more [UNKNOWN] But the shotguns and the rifles and—he used to—well, he had one of the first—Weatherby used to be a big company, in terms of the type of rifles and the quality of rifles. Well, he used to build stocks and stuff like that, custom-built stocks for people. He had probably the only—there were not very many licenses given out to people that were gunsmiths. So he had—he sent a picture of a gun that he had built to Weatherby, and they immediately sent him an authorized license to buy and build rifles with their actions and stuff.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. That’s cool.</p> <p>Williams: I remember when I was in high school—let me just think about it—it’s called fiddleback walnut. And, like I said, he was born in Missouri and there was a lot of walnut in that country. There was a company in Warsaw that was called Bishop Gunstock. They’d been making gunstocks for years—I don’t know if they’re still there, but I think they are. Not too many people make custom wooden gunstock. But he fitted the stock to—did all the inlaying, and then fitted the stock right to people so that when they’d come up, the rifle’s right where it should be, if you’re going to hunt, you don’t want to be looking around for your scope and that sort of thing. The piece of wood that he built on my rifle—and this was in 19—I would say in about 19—well he built that for me in my sophomore year of high school—so that piece of wood, then, the gun—blank stock made out of fitted—it was 55 bucks in 1960. And it was just fiddleback walnut like the backside of a violin. That’s why they call it fiddleback walnut.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh!</p> <p>Williams: Yeah. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: That’s interesting. So coming here in ’44 and you said you graduated college in ’61, so that means you would have entered Washington State College and graduated from Washington State University.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: So you grew up then. So the entire time you grew up in Richland, it was a government town.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: So can you talk about what it’s like to grow up in a town completely owned by the government?</p> <p>Williams: Actually, the government wasn’t really that involved in—they built the houses there and that’s who you paid rent to. It made it pretty reasonable for people to be able to work there and live there. Of course, then there were always people that left—I guess they call it the—every time they had a dust storm, the people left town. [LAUGHTER] They’d say, I’m not working here anymore! But you know it’s surprising how many of those people came back and settled here in Tri-Cities.</p> <p>Franklin: And why do you think they came back?</p> <p>Williams: Probably because the places that they thought they loved, they moved to and then they found out they didn’t love it that much. [LAUGHTER] And then of course the other thing, too, a lot of people that came back liked the outdoor sports, and the lower population, which it was—it was not a big city in terms of a lot of those places where people were from. There were people from Kansas City, there were people from St. Louis, there were people from Chicago, back east, Washington, DC, Pennsylvania, all over the country. There was quite a mix of people that had worked at—generally they had worked—originally, people that came here had worked at either different arms plants and stuff like that during the war and transferred out here because there was a big war effort. But there was also a big need for technical people and work in the reactors and stuff like that.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Williams: You think about how fast they built some of those reactors, and what they would do today, because it would take a whole lot longer just to get—and do more—well, I always call it comment by the unknowledgeable. [LAUGHTER] Everybody—like a lot of the projects that I had in SAF line, we had people—I mean we had review meetings every month. And people from all over the country would come there. Most of the time you spent—you had to respond to any review question. And you spent a lot of time responding to some pretty stupid questions, because they didn’t know the processes to begin with, though they thought they were experts. That’s my opinion of it. You don’t need to quote me on that. [LAUGHTER] Because it might hit somebody pretty hard. My brother and I, when we were in high school and junior high, actually, we started a lawn mowing business.</p> <p>Franklin: Your brother, or brother-in-law?</p> <p>Williams: My brother and I. So my dad built these little carts to go on the back of our bicycles and we could put our mowers up on there and pedal around town and mow yards. So we had clippers. We were at one time mowing about 40 yards a week in the summertime. Fortunately, in the latter part of that, I had a driver’s license, so we—[LAUGHTER] could drive around. But that was very interesting, because we had people—basically we had a customer waiting list to get on the list if we ever had a vacancy for lawn mowing. And because we did such a good job and we trimmed all around the sidewalks, and we clipped—I mean first class jobs. This rumor spread and so we always had—and the interesting thing was that there was a guy named Campbell that owned the Campbell’s grocery store. He lived down off of Stevens down there some place. And his wife—he came home one day and says, well, I’m paying you guys too much. I only pay my box boys a dollar and a half, or a dollar and a quarter, or something like that. We said, well, do your box boys have to buy their own equipment? No. So there was a number of questions. And we said, you know, we have a waiting list for people that want to have their yards mowed. So if we lose you as a customer, it’s not going to really bother me very much, because you’re downgrading my wages. Anyway, we said, well, we’re not going to mow your yard anymore. His wife called us up and says, won’t you mow my yard? We says, well, are we going to get paid what we used to get paid for it? She says, oh no, I can’t pay you that. My husband won’t let me. So we says, well, we’ve already replaced you with another customer. [LAUGHTER] We were pretty hard businessmen, but we—at that time, we were in high school. Actually, we had an account down at Richland Hardware, it was called at that time, right down on the corner of George Washington Way and Swift there—no, George Washington Way and Lee Boulevard there. So we had our own account down there and then we had an account with a guy that sharpened the mowers and stuff like that. We had to have our mower sharpened every two weeks, because with that many, you go through blades pretty fast.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Williams: And at that time, our first lawn mower cost us almost $500.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p>Williams: For a gas-powered, driven lawn mower. And that was a lot of money then. I mean, now you can buy a lawn mower for 100 bucks or a few hundred bucks, and not too many people make real-type mowers anymore, walk-behind mowers. Of course those were the best mowers in terms of manicuring the grass, you know. Much better than a rotary mower. So anyway! That’s part of my history. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: That’s really interesting. Wow. There’s so much in that. So, I guess to return back to it for a minute—so you’re saying that people were pretty happy living in Richland during the—before the sale—before the privatization.</p> <p>Williams: Well, I think so. We had Columbia High School that was the only high school around at that time, or Richland High School. And you pretty much knew everybody at school.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Williams: Even though there were quite a few people and there was a lot—activities and that sort of thing. So I think people were happy. We were, and I didn’t know too many people that weren’t happy. There weren’t too many people killing each other or anything at that time.</p> <p>Franklin: To live in Richland at that time, you needed to work at Hanford, right?</p> <p>Williams: Pardon?</p> <p>Franklin: To live in Richland at that time, you needed to work at Hanford?</p> <p>Williams: That is pretty much—yes. To live in a house in Richland, you had to work at Hanford.</p> <p>Franklin: So did you ever have—was it ever a problem for you if people left their jobs or lost their jobs, you had friends leave, or your parents have friends that left?</p> <p>Williams: You know it wasn’t—and in those days, more—there weren’t that many big layoffs. More or less, people left on their own volition. I don’t—I just—it was not something that at that time I was concerned about.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Williams: We had neighbors around the court there that—there was Gunnison Court, and then there was Putnam and Thayer, and that was sort of the little alcove that we lived in. Then there was a great big court behind that. And then up behind that there was a set of power lines going through. So there was a big alleyway up through there. So we had a lot of play space. [LAUGHTER] We’d get out there at night and kick-the-can and all that sort of stuff. [LAUGHTER] So we were pretty self-entertaining and we all got along pretty good together.</p> <p>Franklin: Did you—when did you find out what was being made at Hanford?</p> <p>Williams: Pardon?</p> <p>Franklin: Do you remember when you found out what was being made at Hanford?</p> <p>Williams: Well, I remember—I do remember—actually I remember them dropping the atomic bomb. Because as soon as it was—it was on the radio. Of course in those days, you didn’t have television, you listened to a lot of radio. Lay around in the living room listening to radio, it’s like watching TV then. [LAUGHTER] You know, all the different programs that were on and stuff. But I remember distinctly the announcement coming over the radio that they had dropped an atomic bomb, and that’s when then everybody knew what they were making out there. None of us—nobody really knew, unless you worked there what they were making, because it was mum’s the word. First thing you could do getting fired is if you were talking—loose lips, they called it.</p> <p>Franklin: Loose lips sink ships. Do you think your father knew before the announcement? Or--?</p> <p>Williams: I think that he knew what they were producing in the reactors.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Williams: And I think everybody did, pretty much. They didn’t know, though, that it was going to lead to the atomic bomb. They just knew that they were producing a war material and—of course they’d never seen it go out or never seen it come in. Now, my father-in-law did work in the Plutonium Finishing Plant. He actually developed some of the precision machining operations for producing the final puck. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: Ah. Interesting. So you mentioned father-in-law. Where did you meet your wife, is she also from--?</p> <p>Williams: Well, she was—they moved out here about the same time she did, and she lived about three blocks behind me and I never knew her until I got into high school. We met, fell in love, and been in love ever since. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: High school sweethearts?</p> <p>Williams: Yeah, we were.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow, that’s amazing. And did you both go to WSU?</p> <p>Williams: Yes, we did.</p> <p>Franklin: Together? And what was her degree in?</p> <p>Williams: Well, she didn’t finish school exactly.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Williams: She did do some other—she was actually still in high school when we got married, so she finished high school in Pullman, and then she worked at the hospital in Pullman for a number of years while we were going to school there. And having kids and going to school and studying and playing pinochle. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: And you said you had three children when you were in--?</p> <p>Williams: Four.</p> <p>Franklin: Four, but how many when you were in—?</p> <p>Williams: I had three by the time I got out of college.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow, that’s—kids today complain about how little time they have, but I can imagine having three kids and going to school full-time.</p> <p>Williams: Well, you know, they seemed to—they’re all happy and they’re still home.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. So what did she do—so you moved back to Richland and started working at the site shortly after you graduated. So what did she do?</p> <p>Williams: Well, she has taken care of four kids. [LAUGHTER] And then she was taking some courses at CBC and in Richland. She sort of has a—I would say an associate degree. They didn’t really finish all that, but she’s super-smart. She’s smarter than I am. Reads like fast, and always made good grades. I always wondered why the hell she married me! [LAUGHTER] Maybe because I got her pregnant! [LAUGHTER] You don’t have to put that in there.</p> <p>Franklin: [LAUGHTER] We can cut that if you want. That’s—oh, that’s great. Excellent. So you were working on Hanford site when President Kennedy came to visit in 1963.</p> <p>Williams: Yes, I was.</p> <p>Franklin: Did you go to see that or--?</p> <p>Williams: I did, yes.</p> <p>Franklin: Can you tell me about that, what you remember?</p> <p>Williams: Well, it was just one of things that—I went out there and there was a lot of people stood around there. He said a few things and we all clapped and [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: And that was it?</p> <p>Williams: That was it, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Are there any other major events that come to mind when you think about Hanford and the Tri-Cities?</p> <p>Williams: Well, I sort of remember—you know, I’m trying to think of a major event. Well, I remember when they built CBC, because when I first went to CBC, it was in the old airport building over at the airport in Pasco. And that came along after I was already out of there.</p> <p>Franklin: Oh.</p> <p>Williams: Oh, what else do I remember? I remember having a lot of fun around here. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: That’s good. This might seem a little out of left field, but I’ve been thinking about this question as I do the interviews. Do you know the name Sharon Tate? She was a Hollywood actress.</p> <p>Williams: Well, you know, I remember reading about her later, but that’s when everybody else did. And I didn’t really know her, or hadn’t gone to school with her.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. But because she was from the community, was there a particular reaction here? Or was the news really—</p> <p>Williams: You know, I think, actually, it was one of those things that you sort of remember hearing about. But she had been gone for some time, you know? So it was—all the aftermath of that was more spectacular in terms of the group. Of course, they still got that guy in prison, and as far as I’m concerned they never need to let him out. He was a crazy man. He made a lot—</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah. He certainly—I don’t think there’s any debate on that.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah, he made a lot of news. And then they had that place in Death Valley where they congregated.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah.</p> <p>Williams: And they still got a good number of them still—the fact is, I think I was reading last year, they’ll potentially release one of the gals, but I think they then reneged on that. I don’t know if they did that or not.</p> <p>Franklin: I think they didn’t. I think I followed that too. I don’t believe they released her.</p> <p>Williams: So there was nothing that—I don’t think it was anything that anybody really got excited about or anything, because it was so remote from here, and it was Hollywood and you know, all sorts of things happen in Hollywood. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: So is there anything that we haven’t talked about?</p> <p>Williams: I don’t know, I keep talking. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: That’s great. We love it.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah, I talked about our younger days and moving here and growing up here and staying here. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: I have a question that just came to my mind if you don’t mind.</p> <p>Williams: Yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: What made you decide to start a winery?</p> <p>Williams: Well, I tell you, my former partner and I, we worked together both in material science. And we shared an office. And he was from Vallejo, California. And went to Berkeley. And I was just a beer-drinking kid from WSU at that time. So I tasted some wine that he had and I says, oh, God, that’s pretty good stuff. So we started talking more about wine. And then at that time we got interested in—and we were in research, so we were reading about the research that was being done at the Prosser Experiment Station with Dr. Clore at that time. Being researchers and stuff—and we’re interested in it, we wrote in an application for participation in their sort of steering committee at Prosser Experiment Station for their wine experimentation and wine making. We met Dr. Clore and a number of people that were involved in it. There was a fellow from Stuttgart University in Germany that had toured—came here for a tour, and I think that’s when we had—just after we had planted some grapes.  We asked—when he was here—because there was a plant that we wanted to get—a nursery plant from stock at Prosser Experiment Station. That was Lemberger, which had never been planted in this area. It also had a—the guy from Germany, he said, well, he says, that’s the only plant that we allow to be planted in Germany that has a virus. But it’s unique to that plant. And it is completely different than leaf row virus or any of the other ones. I mean, when those leaves turn, it’s just brilliant orange and red out in the vineyard. Anyway, after that, Dr. Clore called me and he says, well, John, we just released these plants for cuttings to Lewis and White Nursery in Prosser. He says, if you want those, you need to call them and let them know. So I got on the phone right then. I told them, I says, well I’ll take all the plants you make. So we got enough for about two acres of grapes. As a result of that, we produced the first Lembergers in the United States, whatever that is. And it’s pretty nice wine. People love it. It produces fairly well and as a result, it’s a fairly—relatively inexpensive red wine. When you think about what we used to sell wine for and what they go for now, it’s—the dollar was worth a lot more and there was less cost in producing everything. Bottles were cheaper, barrels were cheaper and everything. When we started an American oak barrel cost about 250 bucks. That was cooped for wine coop. They had a lot of American oak barrels that were whiskey barrels, but they weren’t cooped as a wine barrel. A wine barrel has more curvature to it. Anyway, when they released those, I called and got the plants and we started planting those in our vineyard. We started, we had 70-some—80 acres out there. We produced, in the first year of planting, we planted about 12 acres. Then we kept planting more acreage every year as we had the money. Sell some wine, plant some more grapes. Make some more wine, sell some more grapes—[LAUGHTER] In about—well, in 1982 after we finished building our house, like I said, we built ten-foot walls in the basement so I could put wine barrels in the basement three high. [LAUGHTER] And it smelled pretty good down in that basement. [LAUGHTER] We also built, then, in the front side a tasting room—real nice tasting room.  Panel and had some nice antique oaks countertops and—</p> <p>Franklin: Oh, wow.</p> <p>Williams: So we ran a lot of people through there in a number of years. That was the roots of it.</p> <p>Franklin: Do you still do private—</p> <p>Williams: And it just keeps expanding and expanding. My wife was pretty glad when got most of the barrels out of the building and had a little more room for things. She quickly occupied it, I think. [LAUGHTER] Anyway.</p> <p>Franklin: What was the—so you started—I took it down in my notes—1975, you started. What was the—you said you were one of five in the state, and when you finally started producing you were one of ten. What was the reception in the community to the winery? Was it a popular thing, or did people just kind of—</p> <p>Williams: Well, you know, I think soon as we opened up we started having customers and stuff. We actually opened up a small—in a garage that my partner built in West Richland. So we didn’t really have a formal tasting room, but we could taste wines there during special events. Eventually, in 1982 is when I started building the house that we have there on Sunset Road. Fairly sizeable house. I had a tasting room down there and stuff. So at that point, people started coming. Then other people. Then we entered our wines in a number of Washington competitions, and they were just grabbing all sorts of plump prizes at that time and people started to say, well what’s this Red Mountain place like? And then pretty soon other people started coming out there. Now you go out there and you look at it, just a field of green. [LAUGHTER] Just the—Aquilini, which is a firm out of Vancouver—and they, when they had the—Kennewick Irrigation District was planning on putting in the water system down there and they had already worked on it. And so they had the pipes in and everything. So they actually had an auction for about 650 acres that—excuse me—that KID owned out there. So we went to there and bid on two 80-acre pieces, but it just kept going up and up and up and up. We spent all day out there bidding and then they’d suspend the bidding for a while and then they’d start it, the next level bidding from where they had stopped previous. They weren’t starting over from the beginning. And eventually it was pretty obvious that these people were going to buy it all. And I think they bought it, and it went for $12,000 an acre, which is really a pretty good buy, because I had already sold land to Col Solare, and that was—at that time I sold them 20 acres plus an option on 20 if they optioned that within a year’s time. And it was for more than the one that I originally—so the option was going to cost them more. The first stuff went for—I think it was 20,000 bucks an acre and then they optioned the second one, it was 25,000 bucks an acre. It helped me pay off some of my debts and stuff. [LAUGHTER] Since then, there’s vineyards all over up there now.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah. So you guys really helped to start something.</p> <p>Williams: Well, we did. It was one of those things that everybody—course at that time, too, in 1975 when we were saying, well we’re going to go out and drill a well and plant a vineyard, everybody says, you guys friggin’ crazy? [LAUGHTER] Because there wasn’t that many wineries in this state. And then some of the wineries that were in the state at that time have already gone broke or quit. So there’s probably—of the wineries that were there in 1980, I would say there’s probably 60% of those under the same owner or still a small winery or vineyard. Then the other thing is, there was five of us in the Yakima Valley, and Mike Wallace had his winery in Spokane—not Spokane, in Prosser. He was about the—he was the first one—actually, I took a wine-making course from Mike at CBC, and from there, the wineries started—well, we formed the Yakima Valley Winery Association. There were five of us that went together and wrote up the federal requirements for starting an American Viticulture Area. So there’s a number of things that you have to cover: climate, location, topography, soils and all that stuff. And mapping and that sort of thing. So each—there was five wineries and we each took a portion of the thing, and put it together and submitted. Helen Willard, out of Zillah, she was a reporter for—I think it was for either Prosser or Yakima or sort of both—reporter for quite a few little papers. She wrote up part of the history. So she was involved in it. Of course, her son—they have a vineyard up there and they used to sell all their grapes to—oh, shoot. Anyway, they’ve been around for as long as we have in terms of wineries.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow.</p> <p>Williams: That was it. Five wineries started in the Yakima Valley and now, goodness, I don’t know how many there are now, either. [LAUGHTER] Must be—</p> <p>Franklin: A lot.</p> <p>Williams: A lot, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: You can do those tasting tours—</p> <p>Williams: And then now—we formed the Red Mountain AVA, which is a sub-appellation of the Yakima Valley. It’s in the same boundaries. There’s Horse Heaven Hills—excuse me, Rattlesnake Hills AVA now, and—I’m not sure if—there’s another one there that’s sort of—I think they’re starting up there. But I’ve known all those guys for quite a while. [LAUGHTER] I hardly—it’s hard to keep track of it when there’s so many wineries.</p> <p>Franklin: I bet.</p> <p>Williams: But one of the things that I think has happened—because in the first years, my partner and I, we knew what wines should taste like. And we were very critical of our own wines. And we said, well, if it’s not a good wine, we’re not going to sell it. We’ll dump it down the drain or whatever. Because we had other jobs. But it wasn’t worth our—the worst thing you could do is produce a wine and then have a bad reputation forever. And when there’s that many people doing it, it’s easy to get a bad reputation if you’re the worst one out there. But if you’re one of the best ones out there, you really get a whole lot more publicity and stuff. So it was—we put a pretty high goal for ourselves in terms of the wines that we produced. It was a lot of work, but it was a lot of fun, and we drank well and we went—you know. Wrote off a lot of expenses because everything you did was going into that winery or that vineyard somehow.</p> <p>Franklin: [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Williams: I think I hocked everything I had at that time, but—it worked out. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: That’s great. Tom, do you have any questions?</p> <p>Tom Hungate: No.</p> <p>Franklin: Emma, did you have any questions?</p> <p>Emma Rice: [INAUDIBLE]</p> <p>Franklin: Which one? Which one of these would you like to—all of them?</p> <p>Rice: Well, yeah.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay. So how do you think the wine industry has shaped the area?</p> <p>Williams: Pardon?</p> <p>Franklin: How do you think the wine industry has shaped the Tri-Cities area?</p> <p>Williams: Well, I think it’s had a big effect on it, because every place that you read, it’s wine, there’s wineries all over Richland and the Tri-Cities now. And I think that the big thing of it is, you’d be surprised—there’s people coming from all over. There’s people coming from California now to taste wines in Washington. I think the fact that we had the Red Mountain as probably one of the most acclaimed wine areas in Washington state is partly because Col Solare is there, but also we’ve just, over the years, had a lot of good press from people that were interested in doing wines here. Bob Waller, who died a few years back, and was a real wine—I mean he was the first—when he started, he didn’t know a friggin’ thing about wine. [LAUGHTER] But he learned it real fast, and was a good wine writer and really promoted the wines. Then the other thing that was very conducive at that time is the wine—support that we had from Prosser Experiment Station and the work they were doing up there in making wines. They didn’t really make wines to barrel age them or anything like that. But they made wines to see how the wine grape—the wines would respond to different grape growing techniques. And they did a lot of work over the years. There was a lot of information in planting, in terms of watering plants, in terms of maintaining the plant growth, and also in terms of varietal selection for the different wineries and vineyards and stuff.</p> <p>Franklin: Did the boom here—is it something that you thought was a real possibility that could happen, or was it kind of a surprise?</p> <p>Williams: Well, when I—I always had confidence that we would do something here, but it grew so fast that after that, I wasn’t very—didn’t have a whole lot of doubt. Because it took off. It really, within—by 1983, from going from eight or nine—eight to ten wineries—I don’t remember—in 1980. But by 1983 there were, oh, there was 40, 50 wineries in the state already. And then it kept growing, and two years ago—and I haven’t kept track of it. Two years ago, there’s over 800 wineries in the state, and I’m sure there’s at least 900 there now. I mean, every place you read, there’s a winery there someplace.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. So I guess the last question’s kind of a shift in topic, but—what do you remember about segregation in the area before the Civil Rights Act? Because of—</p> <p>Williams: Well, you know, I think—there was a couple families that went to—lived in Richland. Their parents worked at Hanford and stuff.</p> <p>Franklin: A couple of—</p> <p>Williams: Yeah. So I think—I don’t think it was an issue, because the guys that were there, they were both super athletes and stuff. I knew a couple other kids, too, that lived in the area. I don’t think there was—there was definitely segregation in Tri-Cities, because most of the black people lived in East Pasco.</p> <p>Franklin: Right.</p> <p>Williams: And so that was, I think, already prominent there before they even started Richland.</p> <p>Franklin: Yeah, yeah. East Pasco—</p> <p>Williams: And the reason why I say that is because a lot of those people worked for the railroad, and the railroad was a big thing in Pasco in the early days. It moved from—I can’t remember the name of the pre-Pasco village.</p> <p>Franklin: Ainsworth.</p> <p>Williams: Yes, Ainsworth. So that was pretty much—the people that worked in—or lived in Pasco were different kind of workers than in Richland. And quite frankly, at that time, in those times, there was a lot of segregation. People lived there in where they lived in Pasco because of the segregation.</p> <p>Franklin: Right. Did you see the effect of civil rights legislation in the Tri-Cities? Did that have a pretty—a big impact on the ways that people—</p> <p>Williams: I didn’t personally see that, because, again, it was—our population of blacks in Richland were not that many. I know there were people in Richland. I just call them assholes—excuse me—bigoted people that I’d hear them talk about Pasco or stuff. But even the people—there was the few colored people that went to Hanford—or to Columbia High, I never saw—I personally never experienced feeling one way or another about them. I certainly didn’t feel like I was prejudiced against them. My dad had a guy that he knew that used to go fishing with, too, liked outdoor sports and particularly hunting and fishing. It’s hard to say. I just—I would say no, in terms of living in Richland.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Williams: I don’t know, in the early days of Hanford, there was a fair amount of segregation on the Hanford Project. Because they had different dormitories and housing for onsite housing for construction workers there. So I think it was pretty well segregated there.</p> <p>Franklin: And they had minstrel shows—</p> <p>Williams: But I only know that as more of history than having personally experienced it.</p> <p>Franklin: Okay.</p> <p>Williams: You know, when you’re at that age, you’re not—you’re just a kid running around the neighborhood playing kick-the-can at night. [LAUGHTER] Now that was the interesting thing. When I was a kid, we rode our bikes everyplace. We were never in fear of anything. The other thing, the Richland swimming pool had shifts. You’d go in there and swim for an hour, and then you’d get out, have to wait in the park someplace, and then you’d get back in the next hour after that. So it was not a very big pool, but there were a lot of people lived here at that time. So it was fairly restrictive of that. My dad had an old fishing boat, so in high school—and you know, boats weren’t then like they are now. So I think it had a 15 horsepower motor on a little [UNKNOWN] And the guys at BB&amp;M that owned BB&amp;M then had also a dock down there on the Columbia River, right there, right in front of the park down there at that time. So we used to go down there and hang on that and waterski off that platform off their boathouse down there on our little old 15-foot boat with a 15 horsepower motor on it. [LAUGHTER] And skis were wide, they were longer, so you didn’t really need a whole lot of surface area.</p> <p>Franklin: Wow. That’s really neat. Well, John, thank you so much.</p> <p>Williams: Oh, you’re welcome.</p> <p>Franklin: It was a really excellent conversation.</p> <p>Williams: Well, glad—hope you can edit all of my wows out of there. [LAUGHTER]</p> <p>Franklin: No, you gave us so much.</p> <p>Williams: Okay.</p> <p>Franklin: You’ve lived a really fascinating—</p> <p>Williams: Well, I don’t have trouble talking too long. [LAUGHTER] Or too much, so. All righty, well--<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://youtu.be/nFJmibUsayY">View interview on Youtube.</a></p> <p> </p> Hanford Sites Any sites on the Hanford site mentioned in the interview N Reactor 305 Building FFTF (Fast Flux Test Facilty) 200 West 300 Area F Reactor 200 Area PFP (Plutonium Finishing Plant) Years in Tri-Cities Area Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site 1944- Years on Hanford Site Years on the Hanford Site, if any. 1962-1994. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interview with John Williams Subject The topic of the resource Hanford Site (Wash.) Richland (Wash.) Metallurgy Viticulture Vineyards Nuclear reactors Segregation Description An account of the resource John Williams moved to Richland, Washington in 1944 as a child. John worked on the Hanford Site from 1962-1994 and opened the first vineyard on Red Mountain in 1973. An interview conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by Mission Support Alliance on behalf of the United States Department of Energy. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 06/01/2016 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video/mp4 Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to the US Department of Energy collection.