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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Post-1943 Oral Histories
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War
Description
An account of the resource
Oral histories with residents about the Hanford area during and following the Second World War
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this collection should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for these items.
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Interviewer
The person(s) performing the interview
Robert Bauman
Interviewee
The person(s) being interviewed
Danny Henry
Bit Rate/Frequency
Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio)
220 kbps
Transcription
Any written text transcribed from a sound
<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCX133128238">
<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><strong><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Northwest Public Television | </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span class="SpellingError SCX133128238">Henry_Danny</span></span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span></strong></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">My name is Danny Henry. Spelling is D-A-N-N-Y. Mid</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">dle initial is R for Ray, R-A-Y</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, Henry, </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">H</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">-E-N-R-Y.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: All right. </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Tha</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">nk you. And my name's Robert Bau</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">man, and we're conducting this interview on the campus of Washington</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">State University</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> Tri-Cities on July 2</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span class="NormalTextRun SCX133128238">nd</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> of 2014. So let's start maybe by talking about how and when your family first</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">came to the Tri-Cities. When that was, and why they came.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: Okay. </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Actually, my father first of all came to the Tri-Cities. And he came to the Tri-Cities</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> I believe it was somewhere</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">around '48. It was in the mid or late 40s. And he actually came out from the South, from Arkansas</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Atkins,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Arkansas, Polk County. And he was married to my mom at that time, but she stayed back in the South, and he</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">came out to work for the government during the war effort. And he worked out here for some period of time. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">don't know how long, but he liked it out here. And so once his mission was </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">done, he went back to the South. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">nd</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">then later years, came back out and found work with the railroad. And then eventually he started working</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">construction.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And he became a laborer, and worked construction. Then he came back ou</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">t to the site, and worked at N R</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">eactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">for some period of </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">time. And I can even remember back in the 60s when John Fitzgerald Kennedy came out here,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> the P</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">resident</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, to give a speech about the N R</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">eactor. I was a kid. I think I was probably about seven or eight years</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">old, maybe 10, somewhere around there. And then he decided to stay out here. When he came back out to the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Northwest, back out to Washington, decided to stay out here and got work, and then sent for my mom, and she</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">came out. And so they made a life and stayed on.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Hm. </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Do you know how he originally heard about Hanford? It's a long way from Arkansas.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">My understanding from my older brother, which is 20 years older than me, he said that he actually received</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">direction from the government, or allowance from the government, and received gas credit, or chips, or whatever,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">in order to drive out and to show up at the Hanford site at some designated time. And so him and another one of</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">his friends both drove out, and they went to work out here during in the 40s.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">S</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">o he was recruited in some way or something, right?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Yes. Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">So then you were born in the Tri-Cities?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Yes, I was born in Pasco, Washington in 1953, May 7, 1953. And I graduated Pasco High School, went on to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">college, and graduated from Evergreen State College, and then returned back here to the Tri-Cities and found</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">employment out at Hanford. First of all, it was with Rockwell, and with the fire department. I'll back up a little bit.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">During the summer of when I was in high school, two summers, I did work out for J.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">A. Jones at that time in the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">300 A</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">rea, and I actually </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">worked as a printer, or learned—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">as a summer job, and learned how to print on these old,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">offset printers. And did that for two summers. And so</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> when—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">actually I had graduated from college and came back.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">While I was at college, I did receive an emergency medical technician certificate through the State of Washington,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> and so it was a good </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">shoo-in</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> to go to work for the fire department as a firefighter. So let's see. It was Chief Good</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">at that time who hired me. And at that time there was only a few that had EMT certifications. And Chief Good had</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">told me that there was no intention at that time to actually have the fire department respond for emergency care.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">They ha</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">d always call</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ed</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> the Richl</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and fire department, or Kadlec</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, or some other emergency services. And so I didn't</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">really see a whole bunch of future in staying there at the fire department. So I heard that they were hiring down at</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> N R</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">eactor for reactor operators, and the pay was a bit better. So I thought that would be a challenge. And so I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">applied.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And so you got a job there, then?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Yeah. I started working</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> at N R</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">eactor, I believe it was late 1978, and went into the reactor operator program, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">eventually</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">w</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ell,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> started in the fuels department, and then had the opportunity to get into the certification</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">prog</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ram for the control room. And </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">decided I would take on the challenge. There was a lot talk back and forth</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">with the other operators. Some was pro and some was con. No, it's not really better to work in the control room.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">It's better to work in fuels. </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">But I </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">seen</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> a challenge of being able to actually operate a reactor. And I really wanted that certification. And so I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">did go in the certification program. And afte</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">r, I think, two years, two and a half</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> years</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> think the class started out, I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">think it was like 24, 26. And the final certified reactor operators, I think there was six of us. I could probably name</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">them. Yeah. And all the other operators dropped out, and they went back to fuels, or </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">they got into the trades, or</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">just left the company. But I stayed on and was certified. It was very, very challenging, very hard.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> Right. And s</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">o how long was that training program</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> again</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">The training program, I think it was about a year and a half, two years. With all of the qualifications, you had to be</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">trained on all the different systems. You had to get checked out by the senior operators, and they would ask you</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">questions, and make sure you were proficient in every one of those before you got the sign-off. So you had to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">complete all of that, as well as take tests, periodic tests, on the systems. And when you had finished all your actual</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">qualifications, then you were allowed to take the eight-hour exam.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, okay. Hm.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And so once I had finished up mine, there was testing. And I took the eight-hour exam, and passed the eight-hour</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">exam. I think I probably took about 10 hours to finish it, but that was fine. And passed the exam. And from there,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">you were then allowed to do a walk through, where a senior trainer would take you out into the facility, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">basically ask you anything he wanted to, all the way from the front face, to the rear face, to </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">confinement valves, to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the emergency cooling system, and anything in components or valves, and circuitry, and all of that. And I passed</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">that, and did quite well.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I spent a lot of time actually</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">when I was an operator, the duties primarily was laundry, because there was a lot of</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">SWPs, or radioactive clothing that was used. So someone always had to maintain laundry. And then also some of</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the duties was housekeeping. Some of the duties was actually patrol, where actually you went through the reactor,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and made sure all of the outside systems and everything was in correct alignment, and there wasn't any out-of</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">-</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">spec</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">conditions. So I spent a lot of time out in the reactor. At the time when I was out, I took it upon myself to take</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">prints with me, and actually verify and look at a lot the systems out there, so I knew them pretty well. So that was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">one of the things that really worked fo</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">r me when I did my walk-through</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">. I was really ready for that. And I think I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">scored highest in my walk-through of the three tests.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">The final test was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> oral exam. And the oral exam consisted of a senior person from training, senior person from</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">operations, senior person from nuclear safety. And they all sat on your board. And I think there was one other</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> individual also, I think</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> may have been quality assurance, maybe. And basically they sit in a room like this, and you</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">sit in front of a table, and they ask you questions, and you answer the questions. And they had the choice of</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">asking you whatever questions they chose to, as long as it related to reactor operations, up to and including the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">electrical distribution systems that powered or brought power to the reactor, as well as the power going out, steam</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">systems, all of </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the different auxiliary systems</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> part of the plant. But anyway, I passed that exam also, the oral</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">board. And so then I was granted my certification.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">A pretty grueling process.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">It was, very much.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And s</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">o how long were you an operator, then</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, how long did you work</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Actually, as</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> a certified operator</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I maintained my certification, I believe, for a year and a half, maybe two years.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">There was a requalification. I think it was about a year and a half. I did operate the reactor, the nuclear console,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the AA console. That probably doesn't mean anything to you, but the water systems, or the actual nuclear panel,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">where you actually pulled and maintained power, and adjusted </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">power, and also a lot of the air balance systems,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and the secondary systems, where the steam was produced and sent over to Washington State Public</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Power. We sold steam. It was a du</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">al purpose reactor. And worked</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> on all of the panels.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And so before you were an operator, you worked in fuels, you said.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: So w</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">hat sort of work did that entail?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">The fuels operation</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--[COUGH] excuse me—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">was actually</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the fuel that would come, that would be the spent fuel that was discharged out</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">of the rear of the </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">reactor would come out,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> go down, and go what was called a trampoline, and go into the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">water, and hit this metal mesh chain type of trampoline to slow it down. These fuel elements were, I think, as I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">remember, somewhere around 50-60 pounds. So coming out of the back of the reactor, they were there pretty</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">heavy. And so then they would roll down into conveyor carts, and that's one of the duties as a fuel operator, doing</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">charge discharge. You'd basically take the fuel after it went through the cart, move it out, index it, take it out, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">then place it in various different storage compartments in the back face of the reactor, or actually in the basin,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">what was called the fuels basin. And then also</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">that was the </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">primary job of a fuels operator, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: And s</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">o how long total did you work at Hanford, then?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Total time at Hanford is 35 years. I've been out here 35 years. It's been a long haul.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah. </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And so you started in the late 60s?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">'78 or '79. I believe my actual start date was 8/1/1978.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">So you w</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ere there for a little while, and at</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> s</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ome point the mission shifts </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">to clean up.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: Yeah, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> How did that impact the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">sorts of things you were doing?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Well, one of the things about being</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">as an operator, is that you work shift work. And so I actually worked shift</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">work, I think, for like three years, rotating shift, A, B, C, </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">D</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">; graveyard, swings, days. So I never got used to that. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">had a family. I was just starting a family and stuff, and I wanted to be able to spend a lot more time with my kids</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and my wife on normal hours. So I looked for another job at </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">N Reactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, and there was an opening for actually a</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">process standard engineer/</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">nuclear safety engineer.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And so I applied for it. I got the job, and was responsible for maintaining standards, process standards, which is</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">day-to-day operations. If there was any changes or deviations to the operations, there had to be approval. There</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">was an approval process. And so I was kind of responsible for maintaining that, reviewing it, and then approving it</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">through the control room, through my management</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> in order to make any changes to reactor operations. Pretty</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">much that was that job. It was straight days. I liked that. Five days, I was off the weekends. It was great. And there</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">was some other opportunities also during that time in that position.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I wanted t</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">o mention, I had a very good m</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">entor. His name was John Long, and he was the nuclear safety</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">engineer, or nuclear safety manager, manager of nuclear safety at that time. And John was very instrumental in</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">assisting and helping me, and I really do appreciate his efforts. He's deceased now. But anyway, John helped me</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">quite a bit when I was in that position. There was other opportunities also. I moved from there, and became</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">actually went into the planning aspects of </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">outages. And so the reactor would run for so long, sometimes there was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">a planned outage, sometimes an unplanned outage. Unplanned</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> outages usually were because the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> reactor scram</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">for some reason. Maintenance had to be done, something had to be fixed or repaired.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">So for the actual planned outages, I became a planner/scheduler, or took a position as a planner/scheduler, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">actually planned to do various different maintenance. What that consisted of was drawing out a long-term plan,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and when the reactor was down, to manage that plan, and for the systems to be fixed, repaired, coordinated for</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the least amount of time so the reactor could actually come back up and running. We were being paid. And it was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">one thing I wanted to mention about </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">N Reactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">. There was a lot</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, a lot</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> of good spirit. The people who worked out there,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">they really knew that they were on a mission. This was during the Cold War, and we knew what we were doing,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and it was just a lot of good spirit. You know, when you'd ride the bus out</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">by the way, I rode the bus back and</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">forth.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And when you'd be on the bus, and the reactor was down, and you'd get past the fire department, and you'd</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">make that last left turn, people would just kind of wake up. And they'd be looking, and they were looking to see if</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">that green light goes on. There was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">on the bo</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ard, there was a green or red</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> light. And someone up front</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">would say, yeah, we're up. And it was just a lot of that kind of spirit of wanting the reactor to run. I really, really</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">liked that. So being a part of the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">doing the planning and scheduling, or a position as planner/schedule was a real</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> shoo-in</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> to going to work as outage manager. I then became an outage manager, where actually I managed the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">outage center.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And the outage center basically coordinated, on a daily basis, on a shift basis</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">there was six of us, and I guess</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">you could say we were kind of elite, we were very picked to run that, because it was so critical to the mission</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">your responsibilities was to make sure that things got done as scheduled, as planned,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> and that you had the craft</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> resources to do them. You coordinated with the operations folks, the fuel folks, the engineering. That was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">your job, to coordinate all those efforts. A lot of the things that happened in the plant and the repairs actually</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">required that you have engineers in place in case there was questions, technical questions, changes to paperwork</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">that had to be authorized, and so on and so forth. So that was part of the job as outage</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">primary job as</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> an</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> outage</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> manager is</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> to make sure of that. And you reported directly to upper management, and sometimes DOE. So you</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">were responsible on a daily basis to coordinate and have those meetings, and ensure that work got done and</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span class="SpellingError SCX133128238">statused</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> at the end of the day.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">So shortly after that, they announced that</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">or probably, I guess, maybe about six to eight months in that position--they announced that </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">N Reactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">after Chernobyl</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">they announced the </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">N Reactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> would no longer be on the same</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">mission, and it was going to shut down. So I moved from there to another job. I actually left </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">N Reactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, and went to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">200 A</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">rea, and worked as a nuclear safety engineer</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, over for—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I'm trying to think right now. I can remember who I worked</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">for. I worked for Arlen Shade. But actually, </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">my responsibilities was over B P</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">lant WESF. And at that time they had</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">just started to bring back the capsules that was basically sent down to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I forget exactly</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Decatur, I think. Yeah.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And anyway, these capsules, there was some problems with them. But anyway, they were bring them back. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">so I was right as part of that. I don't know what happened to that mission, but I served there as a nuclear safety</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">engineer with oversight responsibilities over people at WESF for a period of time. And then after that, let's see. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">almost have to look at my resume to think.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">It's really been</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">it's actually been that long. Of course you're going to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">be cutting and doing</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> clips and stuff.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> So I can just--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> Oh, by the way I have a</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I actually pulled this out. This was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">actually my certification. Wally Ruff's name over to the right there kind of faded. It must have got</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ten</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> wet.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, yeah, huh.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> That's the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">original certification.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: [INAUDIBLE]</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> What's that?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--the control room on the--</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Yeah. Yeah. So I didn't know exactly what you guys would want, but I just grabbed some stuff. This was my 30-year recognition with Fluor. I don't have a 35. I don't know. They didn't give out</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> a</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> 35-year recognition. I don't know</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">why. Let's see. Where am I? Process standards, senior outage planner, outage manager of nuclear safety,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> principal engineer. Oh! Y</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">eah. Then after that there was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">actually, when I was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">as the nuclear safety principal</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">engineer oversight o</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ver B P</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">lant WESF, there was a position that came available for a manager for OSHA</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">compliance, OSHA safety and health program.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">We had previously been benefited, let me say, with headquarters coming out, and they were called the tagger</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">team. And they basically came out to the site, and they went through the whole site, and they were doing</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">assessments. They had a very, very large group, and they assessed the site, with the effort to give feedback to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the improvements that needed to be done at Hanford. Well, part of the actions, or corrective actions, was to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">develop an OSHA type of assessment program that would look at occupational safety and health, industrial</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">hygiene, and in some aspects, I think, fire protection.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Anyway, there was a position open, and I did not have the background in occupational safety and health, but I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">talked to my manager, and talked to my manager, and finally I convinced him to put me in as a temporary</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">position, just as an acting manager. And so he went ahead and authorized that. So I then moved from the outer</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">areas down to 300 A</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">rea, and f</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">rom there, he basically said, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, Danny, you want this position. You think you can</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> do it? He says, okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, here's a stack of resumes. You have two staff and tha</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">t's it, and a student worker. Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, so you</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">need to first of all hire and find some people that are qualified to be inspectors in occupational safety and health,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and hygiene. And then you need to have all this done, by the way, and a program developed in four months.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And so that was quite a challenge. It was really a challenge. I did hire</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">went outside and hired some people, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">they were good people. We were a very good team. I didn't know about occupational safety and health, but they</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">taught me. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> knew I could hire</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> people that were smarter than me. And I actually hired</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and maybe for reference,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">one of the people was Judy Larson I don't know if she still is living. But she was a certified industrial hygienist. She</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">was working for PNNL, and she transferred over. I also hired a student that</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">well, no, he actually had graduated</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">with a mechanical engineering degree, and he wanted to do fire protection. So I said if he came over I'd get him</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">trained up. And so he came over. And I also hired another individual that was an industrial hygienist</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">or two other</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">individuals, a Clinton Stewart, and the first occupational safety and health person I hired, his name was Steve</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span class="SpellingError SCX133128238">Norling</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">. And he would be a good person to interview in the future. I would recommend that you do that.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">How do you spell the last name?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span class="SpellingError SCX133128238">Norling</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">. N-O-R-L-I-N-G. Steve. He's a good guy. He still works PRC. I haven't seen him in a few years, but I think</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">he's still out there. But anyway, we developed a program. We put the program </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">together, hired a contractor to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">actually help us with the writing of the program, and we set it up. And we actually went out in the site, and first of</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">all, we had to compile all of the buildings, because we were basically responsible for all of the Westinghouse</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">people, and all of their facility.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">So we had to figure out all of the facilities in the whole site. And then we had to have some kind of system to figure</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">which ones we would go look at first, based upon risk. And so we developed that program, and to make a long</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">story short, the tagger team came back out to check the corrective actions on all of the site, and when they got to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">us, our program, they had no findings, absolutely no findings, zero findings. And they only had one</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">recommendation, in that we needed to involve the employees more. And so then we transitioned into the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> Voluntary Protection Program</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">. But that was very outstandi</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ng. And that really impressed</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> my management. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">then from acting manager, I was made manager of the organization, and proceeded on to continue my career.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">So what time frame was this, roughly, then?</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Oh, let's see. That was May 1991 to September 1992.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: Okay.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> Let's see. From there, I transitioned into basically manager</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">of safety programs assessments, which developed. And basically our mission at that point was to develop</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">baseline hazard assessment programs for facilities. And basically, for each facility that you had operations in, to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">go and do a baseline hazard of everything, both the occupational safety, industrial hygiene, the nuclear aspects of</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">it, and any other types of hazards, so that for that facility, all of the known hazards of that facility would be known</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and could be communicated, and basically programs and systems set up in place to keep the workers safe.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">From September 1992 to February 1994, I worked in that position. And after that, I worked as the manager of the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> Voluntary Protection Program, or actually manager of Industrial Safety P</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">lanning, which consisted of managing the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> Voluntary Protection Program</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> for Westinghouse and for Fluor Hanford, doing their contract transition. And of</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">course the </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Voluntary Protection Program</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> is still out here on the site, as you probably well know, and there's</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">different</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">but I was very instrumental in getting that program off zero.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">After that, I worked as operations engineer. I transitioned and went back out to the site, to 105 K-East and K-West.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I worked as an operation sp</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ecialist in development of the Canister Storage Facility and the Cold Vacuum D</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">rying</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> Fa</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">cility out at K-Basins</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> and at 200 </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">East</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, is where the C</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">anister</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> S</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">torage B</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">uilding is. And then also K-East and K-West</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">storage facility. I was assigned to the shift office, and worked as an OE, Operating Engineer, basically under the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">dir</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ection of a shift manager. And</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> basically manage</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">d</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> the facility's work activities, coordinated those on a daily basis</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">to get work done, assigning work to the craft personnel, releasing work packages during lockout/</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span class="SpellingError SCX133128238">tagout</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">various different aspects of operations for that facility, managing that facility.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">After that, let's see, that was from</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> 1998 to 2002. And from January</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> 2002 to present, I've worked as a</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ma</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">nagement assessment coordinator. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">nd responsibilitie</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">s are primarily to develop the Management A</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ssessment</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Program and Integrated Evaluation P</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">lan database for DOE-RL. And let me explain</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, that Integrated Evaluation P</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">lan</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">is basically a database that takes RL's assessments and our assessments, and basically puts them together, so</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">we have one integrated plan.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: I see.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> And that effort is to actually benefit, or to alleviate, or eliminate redundancy in</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">assessments, teaming with the site and doing various different assessments, rather than they doing one and we</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">doing the same one. </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Yeah. </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">So that's currently where I'm at right now.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">So you've had several different sorts of positions. You've worked at </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">N Reactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">s, and K-Basins, and different parts</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">of the site. Of the different jobs you had, over the 35 years, different places you've worked, what was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">was there</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">a specific job or place that was sort of the most challenging and/or most rewarding, that you got the most sense of</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">accomplishment or reward?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Yeah, there was. I would have to say probably the reactor operations was probably, I'd say, number one, because</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I know there was no other African Americans that had ever certified at </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">N Reactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, and then later on I found there wasn't any others in any of the other facilities of the plants. So I felt very good about that. And it was very</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">challenging. The second area would have been in developing the OSHA compliance program, because that was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">basically, I knew basically nothing.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And I had to go find people in order to work that were much smarter than me, and be able to develop a program</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">that would actually meet </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the mu</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ster of headquarters when they came back out. And it was very challenging. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">stayed up quite a few nights thinking about it and worrying about it. And yeah, it was very challenging. But it was a</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">very, very well-put-together program, and it met everything that they were looking for. So I'd have to say those two</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">positions were the most challenging, yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">When you were talking about working at the </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">N Reactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, you talked about riding the bus, and the sort of spirit, the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">sense of mission, I think</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, in the Cold War</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Yes.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">So when the Cold War ended in 1989, 1990, did that sort of sense of mission change? Did it shift somewhere?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I guess I co</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">uldn't really expound on that, because w</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">hat I was speaking of was during the </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">time I was working at N Reactor. A</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">nd once the Cold War ended, I was at that time working</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">when did the Cold War end? That was--</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Well, I guess it depends, right? The Berlin Wall came down in '89.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: When the wall came down. Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">. Yeah. I was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">where was I at </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span class="SpellingError SCX133128238">at</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> that time? Yeah</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, I was actually up in the 200 A</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">rea. I was oversight. I was a</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">part of an appraisal team doing integrated sa</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">fety appraisals out of the 200 A</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">rea. So I had transitioned away from</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> N R</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">eactor some years before that. So I didn't really feel a difference with what I was doing. The real thing that I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">seen</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> that really affected a lot of the people at </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">N Reactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> was when they announced that it was not going to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—i</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">t no</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">longer had a mission. It wasn't going to be restarted. The reactor was run very hard, run very well, and produced</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">a lot of power, and was very good in its mission. And there was just a lot of pride there. And when that was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">announced, there were a lot of people that really was hurt by that, because it was a reason to come to work. It</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">was really a reason to come, and a reason to work for something.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I want to go back to something you talked about early when you started talking. And you mentioned President</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Kennedy's visit when he dedicated the </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">N Reactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">. So do you remember that?</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> Did you--</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I actually remember that very well. And in fact, it was my father, and my mother, and my sister, and me, and my</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">friend, Ronnie Brown. I haven't seen him in years, but I understand he's doing well. My dad brought us all out to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the site, and drove with all of the, what seeming like thousands and thousands of cars, you know, we were just</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">kids, and all the way out to </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">N Reactor</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">. And yes, I definitely remember that. I can remember the helicopters coming</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">in, and the dust flying, and all that. And I didn't know that President Kennedy's hair was red.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> But on that day,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">seeing him that close, because me and my friend, we kind of wormed all the way up as close</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">we were just little</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">tiny kids, so people let us by.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And we got up there, and we were able to stand up on</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">there was like different seating that people had brought.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And we just kind of stepped up on one of the little seats that were there, and we had to get our heads up over the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">crowds. And we could see him when he stepped out of the helicopter, and he walked over to the podium. I can</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">remember that, just like the yesterday. I also remember that day very well because my sister</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—i</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">t must've been</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">over 100 degrees there</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">my sister was suffering from heat exhaustion. I remember when we actually came back,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">my mother was taking care of her. She was getting water into her, and everything. That was a very vivid day. That</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">was a very, very, very good day.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">What I also wanted to ask you was, like growing up in Pasco in the 50s and 60s, was it a segregated place?</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> Or was it—what was it like?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Not when I came along. Not actually in the 60s. I hear stories about the wa</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">y it was, but I don't know. I we</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">nt to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Pasco High School. I went to Stevens Junior High School. It was all integrated. My grade school was Whittier. It</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">was integrated. It just was East Pasco, and it was primarily blacks. But also the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">re was Hispanics and whites all </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">went to that school, but it was predominantly black. Then after, actually, when I finished sixth grade, they divided</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">sixth grade, and then seventh, eighth, and ninth. It was junior high school.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I was selected, because of where I lived in East Pasco. I was assigned to go to Stevens Junior High School, which</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">was, at that time, way across town, and nothing, hardly anything around it. So we rode the bus over to Stevens.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">But prior to that, the majority of blacks, African Americans, H</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ispanics, basically went to McLo</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ughlin Junior High</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> School. But McLo</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ughlin at that time was what is now Pasco City Hall. That used to be McLoughlin.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> But my brother</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">goes back, I mean my brother's deceased. And he passed away, in fact, about a year and three months ago.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: This was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> your brother who was about 20 years older?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Yeah. He actually went</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the high school at that time was McLoughlin, which then became City of Pasco.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Okay. [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> And</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Whittier was the grade school, junior high school when he went to school. I do have some pictures of him. He was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">part of the patrol that went out and let the kids across the street and stuff. Yeah, he had the little patrol hat on, and</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">all that. I have all those pictures of him when he was really young. And by the way, my brother, he is 20 years</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">older than me, but he graduated from Pasco High. He then entered the Army</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">or no</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> he was drafted. He was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">drafted, and he actually fought in the Korean War. And he corrected me. Every time I said Korean War, he said,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">no, it's the Korean conflict. It was not a war.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> And he served two terms in Vietnam, and was wounded.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">What was his first name?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Thurman. In fact I have a</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—here—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">obituary out of the paper. But he had what I consider a pretty impressive military</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">career.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah, </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">20 years of active service.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Yes. Two terms in Vietnam, a very unpopular war. Me growing up in the 60s, it was, gee, I've got a brother that's</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">overseas fighting, with all the racial strife and stuff here in the United States. But he was very proud of his country,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and he was willing to go and do whatever he was assigned to do.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And so you had an older brother, and how many other siblings did you have?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I had </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">a sister. I actually had a half-brother and a half-sister, that—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">they didn't live here. They lived</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Margie lived in</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Wichita, Kan</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">sas. And my other brother, half-</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">brother, lived in</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I think he lived in Wichita, Kansas, too. I didn't really</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">get to know him that well. I got to know Margie pretty well. Then I had my sister, Marilyn. She graduated from</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Pasco High School. A teacher for 34 years in Yakima. She just retired about three years ago, I think. And still living</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">in Yakima. But she taught school. And those were all of my siblings.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">So would you say that Pasco, Tri-Cities was a good community to grow up in?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Yeah, I think so. I really think so. No, I don't have any</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I have to just</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">not so much the community as much as</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">pointing back to my parents. I think I had very</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I've seen other people, my friends with different parents and stuff.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And I think I had some pretty good parents. My dad was very industrial. He worked construction as a laborer, but</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">he had rentals. And he had</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and of course, I came along much later. </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">But he had houses and rentals, b</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">ut he</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">worked construction.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">him and his best friend, Mr. </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span class="SpellingError SCX133128238">Louzell</span></span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> Johnson. He was a bricklayer. My dad was a laborer. They kind of</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">was a team. And they worked, and they built a lot of houses throughout Pasco, Kennewick, and Richland back in</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the 50s and 60s. And he worked on a lot</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> of the dams on the Snake River.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, really?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: T</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">he building of a lot of the dams. And I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">can just remember</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">well, I can remember my mother talking, and also my dad. And on Sundays we would take</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">drives, and he would take</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> us way out to where the dams</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> were being built, and stuff like this, for</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">something to do on Sunday for the family. And I didn't pay any attention to it really. But I can remember. I can</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">remember. Those were very good times. My mother, she worked at the Navy base that was in Pasco.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Have you heard</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yes!</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>:</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">that there was a Navy base there? She worked in the laundry at the Navy base. And then we</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">came along, my sister and me, and so she just stayed home and took care of us, and my dad worked. But I spent</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">a lot of years painting, and fixing hot water tanks, and unplugging sinks when I was a kid. I was very cheap labor.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> [LAUGHTER] </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">So I learned to do that stuff really early in life. So that's pretty much my parents. They were very good people.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Anybody you ask, the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">y were very good people. There’s</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> the obituary of my mom. I didn't get the obituary of my dad.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I didn't find it. I have it somewhere, but there's this picture here. Anyway, go ahead. I just</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—I’m</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> kind of rambling. So</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">you can</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">it's a good thing you're editing this, and you can cut out all the--</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Are there any other events? You talked about the JFK visit. But any other events that sort of stand out in you</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">r</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> mind</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">from growing up, or from your</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> years working at Hanford?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">You know, I can't really</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">not really. Not really anything that really, really stands out.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">So overall, then, in looking back at your 35 years working at Hanford, how do you assess it as sort of a place to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">work?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Overall, I'd say that Hanford, for me, it's been a very good place to work. I was given opportunity. You know, I had</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">opportunity. And anyone that's going to achieve anything in life, if they prepare themselves, </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">when the opportunity</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">comes, the</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">y step forward and they take it.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> I mean you can't much ask for much more than that. My dad gave me</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">some advice, of course, when I first started working out there. You know, he said, make sure you keep your eyes</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">open, and you watch everything around you. And do not worry about if there's people against you, because God</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">will always put one person there for you. And I always remember he told me that. And so I think about that, that</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">different times during the time I worked out there, the people that have been there, that have assisted me and</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">mentored me, and helped me to continue to do better work, a better job, and basically to feed my family and keep</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">on living, as my mother would say.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Yeah.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> I can't think of any other outstanding</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">there's been a lot of accomplishments, just small little milestones that</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">have been made in safety and our management's commitment to safety, and our management's commitment to</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">the workers, and making sure that they are heard, and that they're actually dealt with, and talked to, and gotten</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">back to when they have safety concerns. And I guess there's a lot of pros and cons about that. But I see safety as</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">being not just the number one thing at Hanford, but being integrated in all that we do at Hanford, is how I see it.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And so I know there's a lot o</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">f things—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I've seen the media. I've </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">seen there are things that are</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> going on out there that I don't</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">know about. I have not worked in some of those areas. But for all of the areas that I have worked and been in,</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">that has been the primary concern, is safety.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">And you compare to what we have out at Hanford, compare it to out in the real world, and we have a lot of</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">commitment and concern, and actually management standing up, and taking responsibility for things, and actually</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">dealing with them, trying to correct them, and working to try to make events or things that happen not reoccur. I</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">actually brought a</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">you can get back to your question</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">s</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, but I'll forget. But I actually sent off</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">you know, I seen it on</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">television, and then a fellow emplo</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">yee told me about the Cold War Patriots?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, yeah.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: And you probably know.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> I got my little</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">certificate. And I got, actually, the pin.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> Whoops!</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> I actually got this pin that came with it. And I have it</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">of course I can't bring</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">my badge in here, because it's a Hanford badge. But I stuck my little pin on the badge, and so I thought that was</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">kind of neat.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Yeah. Actually, I talked to the Cold War Patriots last week </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">about the project here. Well, I don't have any other</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> questions for you.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: Oh, okay!</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: U</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">nless there's something else that we haven't talked about</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> yet</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, or I didn't ask you about that you</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> think is important, to--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> We can</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Eric can actually</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> film some of this sort of</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> once we’re done talking.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Eric</span>: Yeah, anything that you showed him we’d want to get photocopied.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: Okay, sure</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: They</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> could always integrate</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">that, then, into the interview.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: Okay</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">, sure. Sure.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Anyway, thanks very much for coming in--</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henr</span>y: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">You bet.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--and doing the interview. I really appreciate it.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Henry: Okay, yeah. </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">You know, if you don't step forward and make sure that you're a part of history, you won't be.</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> [LAUGHTER]</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Absolutely. So how did you</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">I was going to ask you, how did you hear about the project? </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Did </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">[INAUDIBLE]</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> contact you</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">?</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">Actually, I was at a PZAC meeting</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">President's Zero Accident Council</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">—</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bauman</span>: Oh, okay.</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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<p class="Paragraph SCX133128238"><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Henry</span>: --</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">meeting</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">--</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">and there was an individual that</span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238"> </span><span class="TextRun SCX133128238">works--</span><span class="EOP SCX133128238"> </span></p>
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Location
The location of the interview
Washington State University - Tri-Cities
Hanford Sites
Any sites on the Hanford site mentioned in the interview
300 Area
200 Area
N Reactor
105 K-East
105 K-West
K Basins
200 East
Years in Tri-Cities Area
Date range for the interview subject's experience in and around the Hanford site
1953-2014
Years on Hanford Site
Years on the Hanford Site, if any.
1978-2013
Names Mentioned
Any named mentioned (with any significance) from the local community.
Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald)
Long, John
Ruff, Wally
Larson, Judy
Stewart, Clinton
Norling, Steve
Brown, Ronnie
Henry, Thurman
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
00:52:04
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Interview with Danny Henry
Description
An account of the resource
An interview with Danny Henry conducted as part of the Hanford Oral History Project. The Hanford Oral History Project was sponsored by the Mission Support Alliance and the United States Department of Energy.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hanford Oral History Project at Washington State University Tri-Cities
Date Modified
Date on which the resource was changed.
2016-06-1: Metadata v1 created – [J.G.]
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
6/2/2014
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Those interested in reproducing part or all of this oral history should contact the Hanford History Project at ourhanfordhistory@tricity.wsu.edu, who can provide specific rights information for this item.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
video/mp4
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
The Hanford Oral History Project operates under a sub-contract from Mission Support Alliance (MSA), who are the primary contractors for the US Department of Energy's curatorial services relating to the Hanford site. This oral history project became a part of the Hanford History Project in 2015, and continues to add to this US Department of Energy collection.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Hanford Site (Wash.)
Hanford (Wash.)
Nuclear weapons plants--Environmental aspects--Washington (State)--Hanford Site.
Nuclear instruments & methods
Pasco(Wash.)
Richland(Wash.)
105 K-East
105 K-West
200 Area
200 East
300 Area
B Plant WESF
K Basins
Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963
N Reactor
Washington State Public Power Supply System.